Bio ch. 26 quiz
historical uses of biotechnology
-Produce plants that can withstand climate change. -Improve the nutritional value of crops. -Modify bacteria to produce new drugs.
examples of clones?
-members of a bacterial colony -plants produced through asexual reproduction -human identical twins
terms associated with protoplasts.
-plant cells with their cell wall removed -Immature plant embryos
order of events of RNA interference
1. the complementary sequence of RNA enters the cell 2. the complementary sequence of RNA binds with the target RNA 3. a double-strand RNA molecule is produced 4. the double-stranded RNA is broken down by a series of enzymes
Gel electrophoresis is used to study fragments of ___, which separate according to their sizes on the gel
DNA
a pattern of distributive bands is formed when DNA is forced through porous gel material. These bands are called a(n) ___ fingerprint
DNA
a transgenic organism contains foreign ___
DNA
polymerase chain reactions can create billions of segments of ___ in a test tube in just a few hours
DNA
This enzyme is used during recombinant DNA production to seal openings created by restriction enzymes
DNA ligase
Indicate one of the uses of CRISPR
Modify the pig genome to make hearts for humans
DNA fingerprints are
a distinctive pattern of bands formed when DNA is forced through a porous gel.
A term that refers to cell death is
apoptosis
The field of study that relies heavily on computer technologies to analyze genomic and proteomic data is called ___
bioinformatics
Apoptosis means
cell death
restriction enzymes are used to
cleave the vector DNA
identical twins and members of a bacterial colony in a Petri dish are considered examples of ___
cloning
Identification of similarities between the human genome and that of other organisms is the primary task of a field called ___ genomics
comparative
The comparison of the human genome and the genomes of other organisms is the field of study called ___ genomics
comparative
Bioinformatics uses ___ technologies to analyze genomic and proteomic information
computer
telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences found near the
ends of chromosomes and are thought to help maintain their structural stability
in order to form a functional mRNA, ___ are spliced together
eons
True or false: Gene cloning refers to cloning of whole organisms
false
A technique used to analyse DNA fragments whereby an electrical current is used to force DNA through a porous material is called
gel electrophoresis
The insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a genetic disorder is called ___
gene therapy
the type of cloning through which identical copies of a functional unit of DNA are made is called _____ cloning
genetic
organisms that have had their genome changed are called ___ organisms
genetically modified
The Human Genome Project successfully determined the sequence of human ___
genome
The complete genetic makeup of any organism or virus is called its
genome
A scientist seeking to study the complete genetic makeup of an organism would be studying the field of ___
genomics
RNA ___ occurs when a small piece of RNA is used to silence the expression of an allele
interference
the enzyme that seals DNA into an opening created by restriction enzymes is called DNA ___
ligase
an accessory ring of DNA in bacteria, often used as a vector in gene cloning, is a(n) ___
plasmid
bacterial DNA and vector are applied to the term ___
plasmid
the technique that uses DNA polymerase with heating/cooling cycles to produce millions of copies of a particular piece of DNA is called
polymerase chain reaction
A proteome is the entire collection of
proteins of a species
The entire collection of proteins resulting from translation of genes is called a(n) ___
proteome
Immature plant embryos or plant cells that have had their cell walls removed are called ___
protoplast
A segment of DNA containing genes from both mice and humans would be called ___ DNA
recombinant
a segment of DNA containing genes from both mice and humans would be called ___ DNA
recombinant
the type of DNA that contains DNA from two one more different sources is called ___ DNA
recombinant
enzymes used to cleave DNA at specific points during recombinant DNA production are called ___ enzymes
restriction
genomen is the
study of the complete genetic sequences of organisms
___ are repetitive DNA sequences found near the ends of chromosomes and are thought to help maintain their structural stability
telomeres
the genome is
the complete genetic makeup of an organism
Genetically modified organisms that have had foreign DNA inserted into their genome are said to be ___ organisms
transgenic
Organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into their genome are called
transgenic organisms
true or false: The sequence of the human genome is now known
true
A piece of DNA that can be manipulated such that foreign DNA can be added to it is called a ___
vector
A plasmid is often used in biotechnology applications as a(n) ___ to transfer foreign genetic material
vector
a piece of DNA that can be manipulated such that foreign DNA can be added to it is called a
vector