ARDMS

The most common primary carcinoma of the pancreas is: A - adenocarcinoma B - lymphoma C - insulinoma D - cystadenocarcinoma

A - Adenocarcinoma

Transitional cell carcinoma is found everywhere EXCEPT: A - Liver B - Renal Pelvis C - Urinary Bladder D - Ureter

A - Liver

Prothrombin is abbreviated: A - PTT B - PT C - PN D - all of the above

A - PTT

What is another name for Morrisons Pouch? A - Posterior right subhepatic space B - Anterior subhepatic space C - Posterior cul-de-sac D - Anterior cul-de-sac

A - Posterior right subhepatic space

The most distal point of the biliary system is the: A - Sphincter of Oddi B - Gallbladder C - Cystic Duct D - Ampulla of Vater

A - Sphincter of Oddi

Which thyroid pathology is associated with a hypoechoic halo around its perimeter? A - adenoma B - goiter C - cyst D - Hashimotos

A - adenoma

The left renal vein courses: A - anterior to the aorta B - posterior to the IVC C - anterior to the SMV D - anterior to the IVC

A - anterior to the aorta

A fusiform cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatis with biliary dilatation is a(an): A - choledochal cyst B - Mirrizi Syndrome C - Budd Chiari D - Cholangitis

A - choledochal cyst

The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with: A - cholesterolosis B - adenomyomatosis C - cholangitis D - kawasaki disease

A - cholesterolosis

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the: A - choriocarcinoma B - yolk sac tumor C - teratoma D - insulinoma

A - choriocarcinoma

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the: A - fibromuscular B - mucosal C - serosal D - muscularis

A - fibromuscular

A malignant pediatric tumor is ______. A - hepatoblastoma B - neuroblastchorioma C - HCC D - hemangioendothelioma

A - hepatoblastoma

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the : A - medial and lateral segments of left lobe B - medial and posterior segments of the right lobe C - anterior and medial segments of the left lobe D - anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

A - medial and lateral segments of left lobe

the left lobe of the liver can be divided into: A - medial/lateral B - medial/posterior C - anterior/medial D - anterior/posterior

A - medial/lateral

At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found? A - neck B - fundus C - body D - valves

A - neck

Which part of the gallbladder is involved in the Hartmann pouch? A - neck B - fundus C - body D - valves

A - neck

A gastrinoma would most likely be found in the: A - pancreas B - adrenal gland C - stomach D - spleen

A - pancreas

The right intersegmental fissure contains the: A - right hepatic v B - middle hepatic v C - left portal v D - right portal v

A - right hepatic v

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed: A - 8 cm B - 4 cm C - 7 mm D - 3 cm

B - 4 cm

Identify the laboratory values which is specific for a hepatoma of the liver: A - ALT B - AFP C - AST D - Bilirubin

B - AFP

The linea alba is found in the: A - crus of the diaphragm B - abdominal wall C - median arcuate ligament D - external oblique muscle

B - Abdominal Wall

The inherited condition that causes cysts in multiple organs (primarily the kidneys) but is usually not diagnosed until adulthood is the ____. A - ARPKD B - ADPKD

B - Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

A positive Murphy's sign is a clinical finding associated with: A - Pancreatitis B - Cholecystitis C - Cholelithiasis D - Adenomytamosis

B - Cholecystitis

The "strawberry sign" in the gallbladder is associated with: A - Gallstones B - Cholesterolosis C - Gangrenous Gallbladder D - Adenomyomatosis

B - Cholesterolosis

An extrahepatic mass compressing the common bile duct can produce an enlarged gallbladder. This sign is known as: A - Christians Sign B - Coursviers Sign C - Mirrizis Sign D - Murphys Sign

B - Coursivers Sign

Results from high levels of cortisol: A - Conns Syndrome B - Cushings Syndrome C - Nephrotic Syndrome D - Chron Syndrome

B - Cushings Syndrome

Hydronephrosis may be best demonstrated sonographically by which of the following patterns? A- Distorted shape of the kidney outline B - Fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system C - Multiple cystic masses throughout the renal parenchyma D - Hyperechoic pelvocaliceal collecting system

B - Fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system

The second most common benign liver tumor is ______. A - hemangioma B - FNH C - hydatid cyst D - metastasis

B - Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

Hyperthyroidism associated with a diffuse goiter is associated with: A - Hashimotos B - Graves C - adenoma D - papillary carcinoma

B - Graves

Which of the following is the most common reason for a liver transplant: A - HCC B - Hepatitis C C - Hepatitis B D - Hepatic metastasis

B - Hepatitis C

A standardized blood clotting test is: A - PT B - INR C - PTT D - ALF

B - INR

Right sided heart failure ofter leads to englargement of the: A - abdominal aorta B - IVC and hepatic veins C - IVC and portal veins D - Portal veins and spleen

B - IVC and hepatic veins

Clinical findings of gallbladder carcinoma include all the following except: A - RUQ pain B - Referred pain to the chest C - Hepatomegaly D - Weight Loss

B - Referred pain to the chest

All of the following are retroperitoneal structures except: A - Ureters B - Spleen C - Kidneys D - Duodenum

B - Spleen

Elevated calcitonin is associated with which of the following: A - Liver Cancer B - Thyroid Cancer C - Adrenal Cancer D - Renal Cancer

B - Thyroid Cancer

What is a substance produced by a cancerous tumor or an organ or structure in response to cancer? A - Onocyte B - Tumor Marker C - Lymphadenopathy D - Homeostatin

B - Tumor Marker

Adenomas are often removed because they: A - have a large amount of symptoms B - can become malignant C - are incidental findings D - grow so large they overtake the liver

B - can become malignant

A renal core biopsy is take from the: A - hilum B - cortex C - pelvis D - sinus

B - cortex

The process of disposing of metabolic wastes is called: A - deamination B - excretion C - urination D - urea

B - excretion

Tumefactive sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of: A - cholelithiasis B - gallbladder carcinoma C - cholecystitis D - adenomyomatosis

B - gallbladder carcinoma

Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within the gallbladder wall describes: A - emphysematous cholecystitis B - gangrenous cholecystitis C - chronic cholecystitis D - gallbladder perforation

B - gangrenous cholecystitis

Which of the following is the space located between the pancreas and the stomach? A - morrisons pouch B - lesser sac C - space of retzius D - pouch of douglas

B - lesser sac

Enlargement of a lymph node is referred to as: A - lymphedema B - lymphadenopathy C - lymphogenesis D - lymphomegaly

B - lymphodenopathy

The most common liver malignancy is _____. A - HCC B - metastasis C - lymphoma D - choriocarcinoma

B - metastasis

The left lobe of the liver can be seperated from the right lobe by: A - right hepatic v B - middle hepatic v C - left hepatic v D - falciform ligament

B - middle hepatic v

The main lobar fissure contains the: A - right hepatic vein B - middle hepatic vein C - main portal vein D - right portal vein

B - middle hepatic vein

The innermost layer of the gallbladder is: A - fibromuscular B - mucosal C - serosal D - muscularis

B - mucosal

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an intraperitoneal organ? A - liver B - pancreas C - gallbladder D - spleen

B - pancreas

What is true about portal veins: A - portal veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver B - portal veins have brighter walls than hepatic veins C - portal veins should demonstrate hepatofugal flow D - portal veins increase in diameter as they approach the diaphragm

B - portal veins have brighter walls than hepatic veins

Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following EXCEPT: A - elevated amylase B - severe abdominal pain radiating to right shoulder C - nausea and vomiting D - severe abdominal pain radiating to the back

B - severe abdominal pain radiating to right shoulder

Rare genetic disorder characterized by cysts and tumors in various organs: A - Zollinger - Ellison Syndrome B - von Hippel - Lindau Disease C - Marfan Syndrome D - Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

B - von Hippel - Lindau Disease

What test denotes platelet count? A - INR B - PT C - PTT D - PA

B -PT

The maximum inner diameter of the main pancreatic duct in young adults is: A - 1 mm B - 4 mm C - 2 mm D - 3 mm

C - 2 mm

Which one of the following laboratory tests could indicate a liver lesion? A - Liver - Specific Antigen B - Partial Thromblastin Time C - Alphafetal Protein (AFP) D - INR

C - Alphafetal Protein (AFP)

Which of the following is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of suspected testicular malignancy? A - BUN B - Creatine C - HCG D - Calcitonin

C - HCG

Which of the following is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm? A - neuroblastoma B - Hepatoma C - Yolk Sac tumor D - Harmartoma

C - Yolk sac tumor

Ascites can be caused by all the following except: A - cirrhosis B - COPD C - adenomyomatosis D - malignancy

C - adenomyomatosis

The pheochomocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in the: A - testicle B - thyroid C - adrenal gland D - liver

C - adrenal gland

The right portal vein divides into: A - middle, lt, rt branches B - lt and rt branches C - anterior and posterior branches D - medial and lateral branches

C - anterior and posterior branches

Which of the following would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder thickening? A - gallbladder polyp B - adenomyomatosis C - ascites D - adhered gallstone

C - ascites

A 6 yr old child patient presents with recurrent fever, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice. The liver and gallbladder appear normal, but a 2cm cyst is seen communicating with the common bile duct. This most likely represents: A - mucocele B - pseudocyst C - choledochal cyst D - hydatid cyst

C - choledochal cyst

Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in: A - gallbladder wall thickening B - pericholecystic fluid C - chronic cholecystitis D - acute cholecystitis

C - chronic cholecystitis

A type of reverberation that is caused by highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes: A - mirror image B - posterior shadowing C - comet tail D - ring down

C - comet tail

A champagne sign is associated with: A - adenomyomatosis B - cholangiocarcinoma C - emphysematous cholecystitis D - acalculous cholecystitis

C - emphysematous cholecystitis

Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder: A - perforates B - becomes hydropic C - fills with sludge D - undergoes torsion

C - fills with sludge

Which of the following is associated with E. granulosus? A - candidiasis B - amebic liver abscess C - hydatid liver cyst D - HCC

C - hydatid liver cyst

The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the: A - falciform ligament B - main lobar fissure C - ligamentum teres D - ligamentum venosum

C - ligamentum teres

The hepatoblastoma is a: A - benign tumor of the pediatric liver B - malignant tumor of the adult liver C - malignant tumor of the pediatric liver D - malignant tumor of the pediatric adrenals

C - malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer? A - HCC B - adenocarcinoma C - Metastatic liver disease D - hepatoblastoma

C - metastatic liver disease

Cavernous hemangiomas are associated with all the following EXCEPT: A - asymptomatic B - most common in rt lobe C - more common in males D - variable presentation

C - more common in males (BIRTHCONTROL)

The cystic artery is often a direct branch of the: A - main pancreatic artery B - celiac artery C - right hepatic artery D - left hepatic artery

C - right hepatic artery

The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by: A - middle lobar fissure B - middle hepatic v C - right hepatic v D - left hepatic v

C - right hepatic v

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the: A - rectum B - gallbladder C - spleen D - pancreas

C - spleen

A cystic mass between the umbilicus and the bladder is called a(an): A - seroma B - uroma C - urachal cyst D - urinoma

C - urachal cyst

The main portal vein should not exceed: A - 4 mm B - 8 mm C - 10 mm D - 13 mm

D - 13 mm

The gallbladder wall should measure not more than: A - 5 mm B - 6 mm C - 4 mm D - 3 mm

D - 3 mm

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the: A - Kidney B - Liver C - Testicle D - Adrenal Gland

D - Adrenal Gland

Identify the syndrome that is associated with an adrenal mass: A - Graves B - Frolichingers C - Budd-Chiari D - Cushings

D - Cushings

The subphrenic space is located directly inferior to the ______. A - Liver B - Pancreas C - Spleen D - Diaphragm

D - Diaphragm

___ ascites can be a malignant form of ascites. May appear as complex fluid with loculations and producing matting of bowel. A - Serosal B - Transudate C - Viseral D - Exudate

D - Exudate

Which syndrome is seen as liver inflammation that stems from PID? A - Graves B - Nephrotic Syndrome C - Zollinger - Ellison Syndrome D - Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

D - Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

Which vessel is seen on the anterior portion of the pancreatic head? A - Splenic Vein B - SMV C - PSC D - GDA

D - GDA

_____ is caused by the bending of the ultrasound beam when it passes through an interface between 2 tissues with vastly dissimilar speeds of sound and the angle of the approach is not perpendicular. A - Reverberation B - Ring Down C - Side Lobes D - Refraction

D - Refraction

The hypernephroma may also be reffered to as: A - Nephroblastoma B - Neuroblastoma C - Hepatocellular Carcinoma D - Renal Cell Carcinoma

D - Renal Cell Carcinoma

What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas? A - SMA B - IMV C - Splenic Vein D - SMV

D - SMV

What is parenteral nutrition? A - Dieting B - Eating before midnight C - Supplemental nutrition during coma D - Eating through pill form only

D - Supplemental nutrition during coma

The right lobe of the liver can be divided into: A - medial / lateral B - medial / posterior C - anterior / medial D - anterior / posterior

D - anterior/posterior

Which is the most likely clinical sign of adenomyomatosis? A - Murphys sign B - hepatitis C - congestive heart failure D - asymptomatic

D - asymptomatic

Portal hypertension will result in all the following EXCEPT: A - hepatofugal flow of PV B - splenomegaly C - recanalized umbilical v D - focal fatty sparing

D - focal fatty sparing

Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar? A - hepatoblastoma B - cavernous hemangioma C - harmartoma D - focal nodular hyperplasia

D - focal nodular hyperplasia

A tumor that consists of inflammatory cells is the: A - hematoma B - hepatoma C - lymphoma D - granuloma

D - granuloma

Which of the following masses would be at most concern for malignancy? A - echogenic mass B - cystic mass w/ posterior enhancement C - isoechoic mass with a central scar D - hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

D - hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

An adrenal gland mass would displace the kidney which direction? A - medial B - superior C - anterior D - inferior

D - inferior

Which of the following is considered to be a intraperitoneal organ: A - left kidney B - aorta C - IVC D - liver

D - liver

All of the following are sources of gallbladder wall thickening EXCEPT: A - ascites B - congestive heart failure C - gallbladder carcinoma D - lupus

D - lupus

The hepatoma is a : A - benign tumor of the spleen B - benign tumor of the liver C - malignant tumor of the pancreas D - malignant tumor of the liver

D - malignant tumor of the liver

A malignant tumor found in pediatric adrenal glands is the: A - sarcoma B - hepatoma C - nephroblastoma D - neuroblastoma

D - neuroblastoma

Which of the following are NOT considered retroperitoneal organs? A - abdominal lymph nodes B - adrenal glands C - kidneys D - ovaries

D - ovaries

A tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers is the: A - pheochromocytoma B - harmartoma C - adrenal rest tumor D - teratoma

D - teratoma

The largest zone of the prostate is the: A - periurethral zone B - transition zone C - central zone D- peripheral zone

D- peripheral zone