ARH 151 Exam 1 Study Guide

monochromatic

A color scheme dominated by a single color is termed __________.

a geometric

A shape made of perfectly straight lines would probably be classified as ________ shape.

form

A solid _______ has actual mass and occupies three-dimensional space.

touch

Actual texture is primarily experienced through the sense of ___________.

encaustic

Ancient sculptors often applied paint to their works to give them a life-like appearance. They used ______________ to tint their sculptures.

depth

Artists can create a sense of ________ by using light and dark values.

Realism

Broadly speaking, ________ refers to the portrayal of people and things as they are seen by the eye or really thought to be, without idealization and without distortion.

crosshatching

Dense patterns of crisscrossed lines are called _____________.

Imply Movement and energy

Diagonal lines are often used to _______________.

emphasis

Directional lines, contrast, and placement are three methods used for creating _______ in a work of art.

modeling

Gilbert Stuart's late eighteenth-century portrait of George Washington achieves a realistic likeness largely through _______________.

​achromatic

Grays that are achieved by mixing various amounts of black and white are called __________.

Stability

Horizontal lines suggest calm and _________.

Talbot

In 1839, ____________ invented the negative, in which he could create multiple images; his first "photographic drawings" were eerie, delicate photographs of plants.

giornate

In Giotto's Lamentation, seams can clearly be seen that break the blue sky into numerous sections. These section are called ___________, referring to the work the artist completed in one day.

relative size

In Martina Lopez' Heirs Come to Pass, 3, the primary technique used to create the illusion of depth is __________.

relative size

In The Hippopotamus at the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park the photographer established the scale of the exotic animal by including the nine human onlookers behind it. This comparative technique is called ___________.

balance

In art, __________ refers to the distribution of the actual or apparent weight of the compositional elements.

cartoon

In its original meaning, a __________ was a full-scale preliminary drawing executed on paper for projects such as frescoes, stained glass, oil paintings, or tapestries.

sharp burin

In the engraving process, the artist creates clean-cut lines by forcing a ____________ across the surface of a copper or zinc plate.

Common Theme

In the visual arts, style may be described as the distinctive mode of expression that results from the ways in which an artist handles art elements, design principles, mediums and techniques. One of the best ways to illustrate stylistic differences between works of art is to compare works that have a __________.

asymmetrical

In works of art with ___________ balance, the forms on two sides are different but an overall sense of balance still exists.

line

It is _____________ that describes objects and separates them from each other and the surrounding space in a composition.

​symmetry

Leonardo da Vinci's Proportion of the Human Figure can best be considered an example of __________.

Renaissance

Linear perspective, in which parallel lines converge at one or more vantage points on the horizon to create the illusion of depth, was highly refined by __________ artists.

a stone slab

Lithography, invented in the beginning of the nineteenth century, is a planographic, or surface, printing process in which __________ is used.

Autochrome

Lumiere's development of the ______ process was a major advancement in the history of photography.

spray paint

Master graffiti artists almost always add stylized signatures (known as "tags") to their artworks. They prefer to use which medium for their art?

​blurring outlines

One of the best ways to create the illusion of motion on a two-dimensional surface is by __________.

curvilinear

Organic shapes tend to possess __________ qualities, as they are derived from nature.

linear

Pen and ink are used to create drawings that are essentially __________.

​warm

Red, yellow, and orange are considered ______ colors; they seem to advance (in the foreground) of a painting.

​overlapping

Relative size and ____________often work hand in hand to suggest space.

commercial; Andy Warhol

Serigraphy, or silkscreen, was first developed for use as a(n) __________ medium, a fitting medium because Pop artist __________ used it to create Four Multi-Colored Marilyns.

False

T/F: A contour line is an actual line that defines a boundary or outer edge.

False

T/F: Acrylic paint dries slowly, which enables artists to blend colors on the support.

True

T/F: By the 1850s, photographic portrait studios became quite popular and began to serve the needs of a growing middle class.

False

T/F: Drawings may only function as preliminary sketches.

True

T/F: Gestures or glances may create psychological lines in a work of art. Psychological lines suggest a connection among elements or characters and move the viewer's eye around a composition.

False

T/F: It is easy to make corrections when painting with watercolors.

False

T/F: Non-objective art is often used as a synonym for realism, and begins with objects in the visible world.

True

T/F: The daguerreotype process could only produce a single photographic image; there was no negative.

True

T/F: The term "mediums" refers the materials that artists use. The term "techniques" refers to the methods that artists use—to the specific ways in which mediums are handled, controlled, and applied.

Daguerre

The Artist's Studio, produced in France by __________, was the first photograph of its kind and was produced on silver-coated copper plate.

form

The ________ of a work refers to its totality as a composition or design.

​ Content

The __________ of a work of art refers to an array of intangible aspects: the emotional, intellectual, psychological, symbolic elements.

focal point

The __________ refers to the primary area of visual interest in a work of art.

negative

The ____________ shape of an artistic composition is considered the ground.

​saturation

The brightness or dullness of a color is its ___________, or intensity.

Not outline

The edges formed by the combinations of colored steel and cutouts in Allen Jones' Echo are best described as __________.

​surfaces

The goal of visual texture is to simulate the look and feel of actual _________and textures.

French

The literal meaning of the __________phrase trompe l'oeil is "trick the eye."

woodcut; Chinese

The oldest form of printmaking is __________, and most likely the first people to use it were the ancient __________.

relief printing

The popularity of______________ declined with the introduction of the the intaglio process, which did not appear until the fifteenth century.

primary

The three ________ colors are red, blue, and yellow.

"To write with light"

The word photography is derived from Greek roots that mean ________.

matrix

The working surface from which a print is made is called a __________.

actual

Three-dimensional works art of define and occupy __________ space, as opposed to illusory space.

chalk and pastel

When an artist draws with ___________ against a paper surface, ​the effects are very similar.

overlapping

When an artist places one object in front of another to create the illusion of depth, it is called __________.

turpentine

When oil paint becomes too thick, artists must thin it with __________.

more important figures are depicted as larger than other figures

Which of the following best describes hierarchical scale?

metalpoint

Which of the following drawing materials cannot be smudged or rubbed for a hazy effect?

ink

Which of the following material is the primary fluid medium used in drawing?

​damp plaster

With buon fresco, or true fresco, artists must execute their work quickly on __________.

molten wax

With encaustic, an artist must keep the __________ at a constant temperature.

light

Without ________, there is no color.

Realism

Your textbook presents all of the following, except for ___________, as major purposes of art?

Abstraction

Your textbook presents all of the following, except for ___________, as major themes of art?

expressionism

________ can be defined as a style that reflects a subjective, "inner world"—a style that conveys the psychological and emotional state of the artist.

Visual

_________ texture is the illusion of an actual texture.

Iconography

__________ is the study of the themes and symbols in the visual arts—the figures and images that lend works their underlying meanings.

Tempera paint

__________, which was the exclusive painting medium of medieval artists, consists of egg, pigment, and water. This medium is rarely used today.

Modeling

___________ creates the illusion of roundness or three dimensionality through the use of light and shadow on a two-dimensional surface.

Abstract

______________ shapes are alterations of visible reality—simplifications, exaggerations, or transmutations—that sometimes bear little resemblance to the original entities from which they were derived.

Genres

________________ are categories of subjects within which artists work.

Silkscreen

is the only printmaking process in which prints can be rendered in paint as well as ink.

charcoal

​ Käthe Kollwitz's Self Portrait reveals one aspect of the character of ________________.

emphasis on variety

​ Lily Furedi's The Subway represents a demographic and ethnic cross-section of the strap-hanging riders of 1930s New York City and thus demonstrates __________.

pattern

​ Texture can be used in concert with _________, which is a design based on the repetition or grouping of visual elements.

Subject matter

​ The form of a work of art includes all of the elements that make up the composition except __________.

Chiaroscuro (or modeling)

​ ___________ creates the illusion of roundness or three dimensionality through the use of light and shadow on a two-dimensional surface.

Symbolism

​ ____________is often a key component of a work's content, even if its meaning is unapparent or indecipherable to a viewer.

cave walls

​A form of charcoal was used by Stone Age humans to create images on __________.

it only yields a single, unique image

​A monotype differs from all other printmaking techniques because __________.

materials

​Actual texture is related to the ________used to create the work.

​aerial perspective

​Atmospheric perspective is also known as _____________.

​drawing

​Broadly defined, __________ is the art of running an implement that leaves a mark over a surface.

​line

​In art, a __________ can be defined as a moving dot.

metal plates

​Intaglio prints are made from __________ into which lines have been incised.

Value

​Light against dark or dark against light create visual differences in ___________.

​proportions

​The classical Greek sculptor Polykleitos is credited with the derivation of a canon of___________.

​implied space

​The illusionistic space of a two-dimensional composition is sometimes called __________.

design

​The process of organizing the visual elements to achieve a desired aesthetic in a work of art is known as __________.

actual balance

​Unlike two-dimensional compositions, three-dimensional objects, such as sculptures, often have __________.

Style

​__________ generally refers to distinctive characteristics of art and architecture that are common to a culture, era, or to a group of artists working at the same time or toward a common artistic goal.

Pastel

​___________ consists of ground chalk mixed with powdered pigments and a binder. Whereas chalk became popular in the Renaissance, this medium did not come into wide use until the 18th century.

Tenebrism

​___________ is an abrupt juxtaposition of light and dark, which creates a sense of drama. This "shadowy manner" became popular in the Baroque period.

​Shapes

​_____________ are formed when intersecting or connected lines enclose space.

​Linear perspective

​________________refers to formal systems developed by artists to portray three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space.