ART 383: Final Exam

Alphonse Mucha Job Cigarette Paper 1896 Art Nouveau

(image unavailable)

Alphonse Mucha Sarah Bernnard 1896 Art Nouveau

(image unavailable)

Alphonse Mucha World's Fair: St. Louis 1904 Art Nouveau

(image unavailable)

Gunta Stölzl Tapestry Work 1924 Bauhaus

(image unavailable)

Ida Kerkovina Knotted Rug 1920 Bauhaus

(image unavailable)

László Moholy-Nagy Large Railway Painting 1920 Bauhaus

(image unavailable)

Victor Horta Innovation Department 1901 Art Nouveau

(image unavailable)

Surrealism

A 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind

Ida Kerkovina

A Baltic German painter and weaver from Latvia.

Victor Horta

A Belgian architect and designer. John Julius Norwich described him as "undoubtedly the key European Art Nouveau architect." Horta is considered one of the most important names in Art Nouveau architecture.

Henry van de Velde

A Belgian painter, architect and interior designer. Together with Victor Horta and Paul Hankar, he is considered one of the founders of Art Nouveau in Belgium.

Rene Magritte

A Belgian surrealist artist. He became well known for creating numerous witty and thought-provoking images. Often depicting ordinary objects in an unusual context, his work is known for challenging observers' preconditioned perceptions of reality.

Antoni Gaudi

A Catalan architect who is the best-known practitioner of Catalan Modernism. Gaudí's works have a highly individualized, and one-of-a-kind style. Most are in Barcelona, including his main work, the church of the Sagrada Família.

Alphonse Mucha

A Czech painter, illustrator and graphic artist, living in Paris during the Art Nouveau period, best known for his distinctly stylized and decorative theatrical posters of Sarah Bernhardt.

Hector Guimard

A French architect, who is now the best-known representative of the Art Nouveau style of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Andre Masson

A French artist.

Hannah Höch

A German Dada artist. She is best known for her work of the Weimar period, when she was one of the originators of photomontage.

Walter Gropius

A German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who, along with Alvar Aalto, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture.

Bauhaus

A German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. The Bauhaus was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar.

Hans Belmer

A German artist, best known for the life-sized pubescent female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s. Historians of art and photography also consider him a Surrealist photographer.

Oskar Schelmmer

A German painter, sculptor, designer and choreographer associated with the Bauhaus school. In 1923, he was hired as Master of Form at the Bauhaus theatre workshop, after working at the workshop of sculpture.

Max Ernst

A German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism.

Marianne Brandt

A German painter, sculptor, photographer and designer who studied at the Bauhaus school and became head of the metal workshop in 1928. Today, Brandt's designs for household objects such as lamps, ashtrays and teapots are considered the timeless examples of modern industrial design.

Gunta Stölzl

A German textile artist who played a fundamental role in the development of the Bauhaus school's weaving workshop. As the Bauhaus' only female master she created enormous change within the weaving department as it transitioned from individual pictorial works to modern industrial designs.

Mies van der Rohe

A German-American architect. He was commonly referred to as Mies, his surname. Along with Alvar Aalto, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is regarded as one of the pioneers of modernist architecture.

Jean Hans

A German-French sculptor, painter, poet, and abstract artist in other media such as torn and pasted paper.

Josef Albers

A German-born American artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of modern art education programs of the twentieth century.

Anni Albers

A German-born American textile artist and printmaker credited with blurring the lines between traditional craft and art.

Meret Oppenheim

A German-born Swiss Surrealist artist and photographer. Oppenheim was a member of the Surrealist movement along with André Breton, Luis Buñuel, Max Ernst, and other writers and visual artists.

László Moholy-Nagy

A Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism and a strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts.

Marcel Breuer

A Hungarian-born modernist, architect, and furniture designer. Breuer extended the sculptural vocabulary he had developed in the carpentry shop at the Bauhaus into a personal architecture that made him one of the world's most popular architects at the peak of 20th-century design.

André Kertész

A Hungarian-born photographer known for his groundbreaking contributions to photographic composition and the photo essay. In the early years of his career, his then-unorthodox camera angles and style prevented his work from gaining wider recognition.

Frida Kahlo

A Mexican artist who painted many portraits, self-portraits and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, she employed a naïve folk-art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class and race in Mexican society.

Paul Klee

A Swiss German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism.

Carl Jung

A Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work was influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, and religious studies.

Alberto Giacometti

A Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. Beginning in 1922, he lived and worked mainly in Paris but regularly visited his hometown Borgonovo to see his family and work on his art. Giacometti was one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century.

Dadaism

A movement in art and literature based on deliberate irrationality and negation of traditional artistic values

Salvador Dali

A prominent Spanish surrealist born in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain. Dalí was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking and bizarre images in his surrealist work.

decalcomania

A technique used by some surrealist artists that involves pressing paint between sheets of paper.

Louis Comfort Tiffany

An American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in stained glass. He is the American artist most associated with the Art Nouveau and Aesthetic movements.

J.A.M Whistler

An American artist, active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He was averse to sentimentality and moral allusion in painting, and was a leading proponent of the credo "art for art's sake".

Dorothea Tanning

An American painter, printmaker, sculptor, writer, and poet. Her early work was influenced by Surrealism.

Man Ray

An American visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all.

Josef Hoffmann

An Austrian architect and designer of consumer goods who co-established Wiener Werkstätte.

Gustav Klimt

An Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was the female body, and his works are marked by a frank eroticism.

Aubrey Beardsley

An English illustrator and author. His drawings in black ink, influenced by the style of Japanese woodcuts, emphasized the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic. He was a leading figure in the Aesthetic movement which also included Oscar Wilde and James A. McNeill Whistler.

Leonora Carrington

An English-born Mexican artist, surrealist painter, and novelist. She lived most of her adult life in Mexico City, and was one of the last surviving participants in the Surrealist movement of the 1930s.

Art Nouvea

An international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910. A reaction to the academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, particularly the curved lines of plants and flowers.

Frederic Leighton

Known as Sir Frederic Leighton between 1878 and 1896, was an English painter and sculptor. His works depicted historical, biblical, and classical subject matter.

frottage

The technique or process of taking a rubbing from an uneven surface to form the basis of a work of art.