Art Appreciation Chapter 13
What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?
Indian
Around 1980 many architects began using two-dimensional drawing programs to guide construction of architectural projects
True
Fabric structures are also known as
tensile structures
The key to fabric architecture is
tension
The keystone, as shown in this illustration, ___ a rounded arch.
supports the downward and outward thrust of
CAD/CAM
computer-aided design and manufacturing
Concrete is composed of
water cement gravel
Where did the style of column in this image originate?
China
The image represents a ___ or an arch extended in depth
barrel vault
Why in the early period of Zaha Hadis' career was she sometimes called a "paper architect"?
The buildings she designed had not been constructed, they existed only on paper.
What are two examples of nomadic dwelling involving fabric architecture?
Yurts and tents
The advantages of ferroconcrete construction include
an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form.
In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is
contained inside more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible.
As shown in this illustration, ___ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged.
corbelled domes
The purpose of green architecture is to
create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat
The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London,
established the success of cast-iron as a building material
Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of ___ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches
flying
A circular opening at the top of a dome is called the
oculus
The architectural element, indicated with the arrow in this picture, that gaps the transition from a square base to a domed roof is known as a
pendentive
In architecture an element in compression is being ___, an element in tension is being ___
pushed pulled
Common community buildings include
schools, courthouses, libraries and hospitals
Ferroconcrete construction is most similar to the ___ structural system.
shell
___ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques
steel-frame
A drawback of load-bearing construction is
the inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls
What is the primary drawback of post-and lintel architecture?
the limitation to span relatively large open space
Visible structure of a building is characteristic of the ___ style of architecture.
International
Which of the flowing is not an advantage of balloon-frame construction?
It can be built to conceivably infinite heights.
In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?
The frieze
What is the significance of the portico in the illustration?
To trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple
The Ionic style of Greek architecture is classified by
Voluted capitals Stepped column bases
Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the vert top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?
Ancient Egypt
When deciding on the structural system for a building, ___ and ___ are the first considerations
weight; tensile strength
Which type of materials are usually used in the construction of load-bearing architecture
Brick Stone Adobe Ice blocks
What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrust of arches from the outside?
Buttresses
The skeleton of the ___ ___ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments.
Eiffel Tower
In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?
Frieze Cornice Architrave
___ ___ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and build with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction
Geodesic domes
Reims Cathedral is a characteristic example of what style architecture?
Gothic
Which elements are associated with Romanesque style
Groin vaults Barrel vaults
The ___ incorporates placing an immense dome on top of a massive square base.
Hagia Sophia
Which of the flowing innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?
Improved milling lumber techniques Mass-produced nails
What is the significance of the isolation of the Taj Mahal's dome, as illustrated in this picture?
It is ornamental
What are the trademark of Frank Lloyd Wright architectural work?
Prairie houses
Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style
Rose windows Pointed arches Flying buttresses
Which elements characterize International style skyscrapers
Simple geometric forms Start linear emphasis
Which of the following is not a basic architectural structural system
Stacking
What type of skeleton-and-skin construction is shown in this illustration?
Steel-frame
What type of truss system is pictured?
Stepped truss
What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?
Stone Age
In Greek temple design, the ___ is the band of of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze.
architrave
In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a
bay
It could be inferred that, due to the advent of new technologies and materials, modern architecture is
better equipped to respond to community and environmental needs.
Suspension techniques are mostly associated with the construction of
bridges
During the mid-19th century the experimental use of ___ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system.
cast-iron
The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as
coffering
The use of the bracket set and stepped truss system in Eastern architecture
distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.
R. Buckminster Fuller developed the ___ ___
geodesic dome
The ___ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine.
industrial