Art Appreciation Chapter 13

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What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?

Indian

Around 1980 many architects began using two-dimensional drawing programs to guide construction of architectural projects

True

Fabric structures are also known as

tensile structures

The key to fabric architecture is

tension

The keystone, as shown in this illustration, ___ a rounded arch.

supports the downward and outward thrust of

CAD/CAM

computer-aided design and manufacturing

Concrete is composed of

water cement gravel

Where did the style of column in this image originate?

China

The image represents a ___ or an arch extended in depth

barrel vault

Why in the early period of Zaha Hadis' career was she sometimes called a "paper architect"?

The buildings she designed had not been constructed, they existed only on paper.

What are two examples of nomadic dwelling involving fabric architecture?

Yurts and tents

The advantages of ferroconcrete construction include

an ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form.

In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is

contained inside more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible.

As shown in this illustration, ___ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged.

corbelled domes

The purpose of green architecture is to

create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London,

established the success of cast-iron as a building material

Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of ___ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches

flying

A circular opening at the top of a dome is called the

oculus

The architectural element, indicated with the arrow in this picture, that gaps the transition from a square base to a domed roof is known as a

pendentive

In architecture an element in compression is being ___, an element in tension is being ___

pushed pulled

Common community buildings include

schools, courthouses, libraries and hospitals

Ferroconcrete construction is most similar to the ___ structural system.

shell

___ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques

steel-frame

A drawback of load-bearing construction is

the inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls

What is the primary drawback of post-and lintel architecture?

the limitation to span relatively large open space

Visible structure of a building is characteristic of the ___ style of architecture.

International

Which of the flowing is not an advantage of balloon-frame construction?

It can be built to conceivably infinite heights.

In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?

The frieze

What is the significance of the portico in the illustration?

To trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple

The Ionic style of Greek architecture is classified by

Voluted capitals Stepped column bases

Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the vert top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?

Ancient Egypt

When deciding on the structural system for a building, ___ and ___ are the first considerations

weight; tensile strength

Which type of materials are usually used in the construction of load-bearing architecture

Brick Stone Adobe Ice blocks

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrust of arches from the outside?

Buttresses

The skeleton of the ___ ___ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments.

Eiffel Tower

In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?

Frieze Cornice Architrave

___ ___ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and build with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction

Geodesic domes

Reims Cathedral is a characteristic example of what style architecture?

Gothic

Which elements are associated with Romanesque style

Groin vaults Barrel vaults

The ___ incorporates placing an immense dome on top of a massive square base.

Hagia Sophia

Which of the flowing innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?

Improved milling lumber techniques Mass-produced nails

What is the significance of the isolation of the Taj Mahal's dome, as illustrated in this picture?

It is ornamental

What are the trademark of Frank Lloyd Wright architectural work?

Prairie houses

Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style

Rose windows Pointed arches Flying buttresses

Which elements characterize International style skyscrapers

Simple geometric forms Start linear emphasis

Which of the following is not a basic architectural structural system

Stacking

What type of skeleton-and-skin construction is shown in this illustration?

Steel-frame

What type of truss system is pictured?

Stepped truss

What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?

Stone Age

In Greek temple design, the ___ is the band of of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze.

architrave

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a

bay

It could be inferred that, due to the advent of new technologies and materials, modern architecture is

better equipped to respond to community and environmental needs.

Suspension techniques are mostly associated with the construction of

bridges

During the mid-19th century the experimental use of ___ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system.

cast-iron

The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as

coffering

The use of the bracket set and stepped truss system in Eastern architecture

distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.

R. Buckminster Fuller developed the ___ ___

geodesic dome

The ___ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine.

industrial


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