The Middle Colonies
Diversity.
(n.) difference, variety; a condition of having many different types of forms.
Why was the Middle Colonies named the Middle Colonies?
It was because of its relative location between the New England Colonies and southern settlements in Virginia.
Great Awakening.
New religious movement in 1720's.This movement changed the way that many people practiced their religion. It spread through all of the 13 colonies during 1730's and 1740's.
Who did Penn meet when he arrived in Philadelphia and when?
Tamanend and other Lenni Lenape Indians. He paid the Indians for most of the land King Charles II had given him and built a long lasting peace with the Lenni Lenape. In 1682.
What are the crops in the Middle Colony?
Corn, Wheat, Rye.
Artisans.
Craftworkers.
Which saying did Franklin follow from his own almanac?
"Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise."
What were the settlers of the Middle Colonies described as?
A group of people thrown together fro many parts of the world. Such diversity made the place an interesting place to live.
What did Philadelphia cover?
A strip of land between the Schuylkill (SKOO kohl) and Delaware Rivers. Its busy port received many immigrants from different countries.
Religious toleration.
Acceptance.
Who were the people of the Middle Colonies?
At first, most were Dutch, French, Belgian, or Swedish. Then came the English Puritans and Quakers as well as German, Irish, and Scottish settlers. Africans were brought to the Middle Colonies enslaved, but some people were free.
What workers depended on farm goods?
Bakers, butchers, flour millers, and soap makers. Dress makers, and tailors used wool, linen and cotton to make clothing. Tanners turned animal skins for leather which cobblers used to make and repair shoes. None of these skills were taught in school.
Who did Philadelphia become the home of?
Benjamin Franklin, who helped improve the city in many ways. Franklin set up the first trained fire fighting company in the 13 colonies, raised money to help build the city's first hospital, set up a militia army to protect the city and the rest of the colony. He also founded Pennsylvania's first college and public library.
What kinds of artisans are there?
Blacksmiths. They use iron to create horseshoe, for tools. Coopers. Made barrels from wood. Carpenters and ship builders. Used wood to build houses and ships. Masons and bricklayers worked with stone and clay to pave streets and construct buildings.
What does Philadelphia mean and who named it?
Brotherly love in Greek. William Penn. The variety of people in the Middle Colonies could be seen in the city there.
How did young people learn to do skilled jobs?
By becoming an apprentice.
What are the animals in the Middle Colonies and what do those animals eat?
Dairy cows and hogs. Dairy cow feed on the thick grasses, while hogs eat acorns and wild berries to get fat.
What did Penn also became the owner of?
Delaware. When Colonists in Delaware asked for their own assembly, he granted it to them willingly.
Prosperity.
Economic success.
As in New England nearly all trade in the Middle Colonies was with...
England or other English colonies.
What did some colonists begin to think?
Enslaving Africans was wrong so in 1688, Quakers in Germantown, Pennsylvania, became the first group to protest slavery in the English colonies.
How did the English treat the Dutch?
Fairly. They promised to protect their rights and property and allowed the colonists to elect some of their own leaders. Most Dutch settlers chose to stay.
Jobs
Farmers, fur traders, and lumber workers.
Women and girls.
Fewer opportunities to work outside the home. However, they were still an important part of the Middle Colonies' growing economy. They often made the goods sold by artisan households.
George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards.
Gave speeches that marked a change in religious ideas and practices.They often talked people having a direct relationship with God. They also practiced religion differently. They would travel long distance to give emotional speeches to people they had never met. They were part of they Great Awakening.
What else did Benjamin Franklin do?
He earned his living as a printer. He printed the Pennsylvania Gazette and wrote and published Poor RIchard's Almanack, a yearly book that had a calendar, weather forecasts, stories , jokes and wise sayings. It was popular and it helped to make Franklin a wealthy man.
What did Peter Stuyvesant do, and when?
He expanded New Netherlands into what is now New Jersey in the 1650's. He pushed south into what is now Delaware and took over the small colony of New Sweden in 1655.
What did the Duke of York do after they took over New Netherlands?
He split it into two parts, and named them New York and New Jersey. He gave them to two of his friends named John Berkeley and George Carteret.
How did King Charles II fulfill what he wanted to do?
He told his brother James, the Duke of York that he could have all of New Netherlands if he could take the colony from the dutch.
What did Penn want?
He wanted all the people living in Pennsylvania-Quakers and non-Quakers-to live together peacefully. In 1682, Penn wrote The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania which set up a legislature called the General Assembly, which would make the laws for the colony, which gave the colony's freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to a fair trial by jury. He also wanted American Indians to be treated with justice, or fairness, In a letter, he told local Lenni Lenape Indians his hopes for Pennsylvania: "I desire to enjoy it with your love and consent, that we may always live together as neighbors and friends."
What did King Charles II want England to do, but why couldn't he?
He wanted to control the entire Atlantic Coast of North America, build more settlements, control the fur trade, and acquire more lands rich in natural resources. But there was one thing that prevented him from doing so. New Netherlands.
Examples of recreation in Middle Colonies.
Horse races, bowling, sleigh rides, iceskating, dances, plays, concerts, social clubs and barn raising.
How did James take over the Dutch and when?
In 1664, he sent four warships to take New Netherlands. When the ships arrived, the English ordered Stuyvesant to surrender or they would be attacked. Stuyvesant wanted to fight, but the colonists refused. The English took control of New Netherlands without firing a shot.
What happened during 1664 through 1750?
In the beginning, when the English took over the city, about 35 ships used the port. Later, the number increased to 600. That made New York the second busiest port in English Colonies.
What could the Middle Colonies not make, so they purchased?
Iron tools, shoes, paint and buttons.
What was the result of the Great Awakening?
It brought people together, everyone was allowed to go to large prayer meetings, poor people could attend prayers. Africans participated at religious gatherings. The number of colonists grew. Religious tolerations.
What goes on in the Colonial Port Cities?
It is full of sailors and even pirates. There are busy workshops that made ropes, sails, and barrels. Ship builders hammered ships together, merchants argued over prices, and dockworkers moved tons of goods. Many immigrants thought that North America was one of those fast-paced port cities.
What does Pennsylvania mean?
It means "Penn's woods." Penn described the colony as a "Holy Experiment."
What happened in 1681?
King Charles II gave a charter to William Penn, an English Quaker. The charter made Penn the proprietor, of what is now Pennsylvania.
Apprentice.
Lived and worked with an artisan's family for several years, learning a skill in order to earn a living.
What did the Middle Colonies Trade, and where?
Livestock, and crops. Market town. Every market had a gristmill which ground farmers grain into flour. Most towns also had a lumber mill.
Hudson River.
Made trade easier.
What happened by 1700 in the Middle Colonies?
More than 50,000 people lived in there.
At first what happened to the colonists and what did Berkeley and Carteret do?
Nearly all of them lived in New York, so the two men offered to sell land at low prices. Soon more people came to New Jersey, and most of them were members of the Society of Friends, a religious group also know as the Quakers.
Most important port city.
New York City.
The Middle Colonies.
New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.
Proprietor.
Owner.
Trial by jury.
People accused of breaking laws have the right to have a group of fellow citizens decide their guilt or innocence.
Immigrant.
Person who comes into a country to make a new home there.
Busiest Port.
Philadelphia. THey sent goods down the Delaware Rivers.
What was a major part of social life?
Religion. After religious services, neighbors would talk and exchange news.
What did the Middle colonies have?
Richland, fertile soil, and farms.
Refuge.
Safe place.
What were the rivers in the Middle Colonies?
The Hudson River and the Delaware Rivers.
What was Philadelphia founded on?
The idea that people of diverse backgrounds could live peacefully together.
Port cities.
The merchants who bought livestock and crops from farmers took those goods to the place.
What did the Dutch West India Company do to increase New Netherland's population?
They allowed people from Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, and Brazil to settle in the colony. Among these newcomers was one of the first groups of Jews to settle in North America.
Over time, what did Philadelphia become?
The most wealthiest city in all of the 13 colonies. By 1770 it had more than 28,000 people-a small population in today's city standards but very great for that time.
What were the resources in the Middle Colonies?
There was good farmland, the climate was great, there were water ways, and large harbors.
What happened by 1640?
There were only about 2,000 people living in New Netherlands, which included the Hudson valley. The Netherlands were wealthy and it offered citizens many freedoms.
What did the Quakers hope to do?
They hoped to find a refuge where they could live and worship as they pleased. In 1647, a group of Quakers bought Berkeley's share of New Jersey and founded the first Quaker settlement in North America.
Most professionals did what?
They learned by doing, just as the apprentices did. They were typically practiced by men.
What did the Dutch West India Company do and who are they?
They sent Peter Stuyvesant, who was a former solider, to govern the colony. The company controlled the company's trade.
What happened to a few young colonists in wealthy families?
They went to college to become lawyers, bankers, ministers, or leaders in the military or government.
What were the Middle Colonies nicknamed and why?
They were called the Bread Basket colonies because they produced so many crops used in bread.
What happened to Africans in New Netherlands?
They were captured and brought to the colony as slaves, the first arriving in 1626. Not all Africans were slaves because they bought their way to freedom. Some former slaves were not completely free, so each year they had to pay their employers in money or goods in order to remain free.
What are the Quakers and happened to them?
They were the members of the Society of Friends. They believed that all people were equal. They refuse to fight in wars or to swear loyalty to any king or country. Some people who did not share these beliefs often mistreated the Quakers. Thousands of Quakers were arrested in England and thrown into prison, and most were forces to leave the other English colonies.
What did Philadelphians wonder about Benjamin Franklin?
They wondered where he found the time to do so much. He was a printer, writer, scientist, and an inventor. He also became a leader in the colony's government.
Why did immigrants leave their original countries?
To escape war, find religious freedom, better economic opportunities, and the chance to buy their own land. Many found freedom and acceptance in the Middle Colonies than they had ever known.
True or false. Unlike in the New England Colonies, many different religious groups lived in the Middle colonies. Towns in these colonies often had more than one kind of church. Ex. A Presbyterian may be only a block away from a Quaker meeting house.
True.
Militia.
Volunteer.
First Jewish synagogue.
Was built in New York City in 1730.
What did the Middle Colonies export and import?
Wheat and other grains. Furniture, tea, gunpowder, medicines, and a variety of metals. They also enslaved Africans and were craftworkers or servants in the Middle Colonies.
What were the main crops in the Middle Colonies?
Wheat, corn, and rye.
How did William Penn design Philadelphia?
Wide streets and many public parks. Penn wanted the city to have plenty of space for people to work and relax. At first in 1682, it only had ten houses. Fifty years later, it had more than 11,000 residents.
