Art Final

Architectural style

Ulysses in the land of the Lestrygonians is an example of the ___. Works in this style give the illusion of an opening space away from the plane of the wall, as if the viewer were looking out a window.

impasto

an oil painting technique in which oil paint is applied so thickly that it can physically construct the image. it is any thick application of paint in which the strokes of the bush or palette knife are recorded as an actual texture on the surface of the paint.

PABLO PICASSO'S LES DEMOISELLES d'Avignon

FIGURE 20-6 PAGE 481 _________was a pivotal work of art in the development of Analytic Cubism with its extreme faceting of form, the use of multiple views, and the collapsing of space. These are all characteristics that were used to develop the style of Analytic Cubism.

Paleolithic

Halls of Bulls, Lascaux, France is a splendid example of Stone Age painting from the ____ period. These super realistic images of horses, bulls appear to be stampeding in all directions. The artist used a variety of techniques to capture foreshortening and contrast of light and shadow to create the illusion of 3 dimensional forms.

GREEK HELLENISTIC ART

In the Baroque period the Renaissance balance between emotion and restraint that was adopted from Classical Greek Art gives way to unleashed passion and the theatricality and the marked extension of the figure into the surrounding space of

Hellenistic period of Greek art

In the ____, is the characterized by excessive almost theatrical emotion and the use of illusionist effects to heighten realism. An example of art from this period would be the Dying Gaul, which illustrates the artists preoccupation with the dramatic subjects, harsh realism and passionate emotion.

implied motion and time

In the work The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, the Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens created _____. By resting the mass of struggling forms on a single point so that we know visually that all this energy cannot be supported on this single point, so we inter continuous movement. FIGURE 17-16 PAGE 402

International style

"May" from Les Tres Riches Heures de Duc de Berry, by the Limbourg brothers is an excellent example of the ______ of painting of the late 14th and early 15th centuries. This style appealed to the aristocracy with its themes involving splendid processions of knights and ladies complete with entourages, horses, and hunting hounds and courtly scenes. Brilliant color, embellishment with gold leaf, and attention to details are some of its characteristics.

ACTUAL MASSSSSSS

A BRONZE SCULPTURE OCCUPIES THREE DIMENSIONAL SPACES AND HAS MEASURABLE VOLUME AND WEIGHT.

Renaissance

A Greek word meaning 'rebirth' spanning roughly the 14th - 16th centuries.

POST IMPRESSIONIST

A group of artist came together during the nineteenth century. They were united in their rebellion against Impressionism or what they considered an excessive concern for fleeting impressions and a disregard for traditional compositional elements. The _______ individual styles differed considerably and included such artist as Vincent van Goth, Paul Gaugiun, George Seurat, and Paul Cezanne.

architecture, sculpture, and painting

Bernini combined the arts of ____ to archive the desired theatrical effect in the sculptural group The Ecstasy of St. Theresa for the chapel of the Cornaro family in the church of Saint Maria Della Vittoria. Uncontrollable passion and theatrical drama best describe this masterpiece of Baroque art. FIGURE 17-7 PAGE 394

DADA

FIGURE 20-23 PAGE 492 In a spirit of rebellion and disillusionment during World War I, a group of artist established the ______ movement. It declared itself against art, responding to the absurdity of war and the insanity of a world that gave rise to it. They declared that art, a reflection of this sorry state of affairs was stupid and must be destroyed. In its nihilistic mocking of traditional values in the arts and by extension Western society as a whole, the artist Marcel Duchamp created the Mona Lisa (L.H.O.O.Q.). In which he impudently defiled a color print of Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece with a moustache and goatee.

a.) bernin's is depicted in the process of the fight were as the others are either before or after the fight. b.) bernini's david no longer stands in the classical contrapposto stance as in the other three davids. c.) there is no longer the balance between emotion and restraint in berini's david but we have a full grown youth in the process of extreme physical exertion. d.) the differences in the sculptures can be summed up in the differences between classical and hellenistic greek sculpture. berninis is hellnsitic and the others are classical.

Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini all created a sculpture of David. Compare and contrast these sculptures. Which of these statements is/are true? figure 16-23 pg 378 figure 16-24 pg 378 figure 16-25 pg 379 figure 16-26 pg 379

Canon of Proportions

During the classical period, the greek sculptor Polkeito's developed a ____ from which he would devrive his 'ideal' figures. He has idealized the athletic figure by imposing on it a set of laws relating part to part, such as the entire body is equal in height to eight heads.

GEORGIA O' KEEFFE

FIGURE 20-14 PAGE 486 The American painter ______ captured the essence of her subjects by simplifying their forms. In the case of her flower pictures as in the White Iris she magnified and abstracted the details of her botanical subjects.

Salvador Dali's The Persistence of Memory

FIGURE 20-27 PAGE 495 The Surrealist followed Freud's theory of the unconscious and his free association technique for by passing the conscious mind. The Surrealist were inspired by the thoughts and visions of the subconscious mind and sought to record them in their art. One of the two methods of Surrealism is Illusionistic Surrealism. It rendered the irrational content, absurd juxtapositions and metamorphoses of the dream state in a highly illusionistic manner. It is exemplified by

action painting

FIGURE 21-4 PAGE 504 For some Abstract Expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock, the gestural application of paint seems to be the most important aspect of their work. Pollock would walk across the surface of the work of art dripping and splashing paint across his huge canvases. The art critic Harold Rosenberg coined the term ________ in 1951 to describe the outcome of his painting process—a painting whose surface implied a strong sense of activity, as created by the signs of brushing, dipping, or splattering of paint. An example of one such work of art is Jackson Pollock's one.

Bilateral symmetry

Figure 12-18; page 247 Line drawn through the center two halves of the central figures would be exact mirror images balancing each other.

a.) all 3 works are relief sculptures. b.) the narmer palette and victory steele or naram sin depict a king and beneath his feel lie their enemies c.) all 3 render the important personages in a conceptual approach with a combination of frontal and profile views.

Figure 13-10 page 278; figure 13-6 & figure 13-7 page 275 compare these 3 works of art, Narmer Palette, Victory stae of Naram. which of the statements are true?

Archaic

Figure 14-7 page 301 a prime example of the ____ period. Kouras figure: very stiff and ridge; all body parts are freed form the block of marble; the shape of it adheres essentially to the block shape; lines of musculature are styled with anatomical patterns; muscles are flexed unrealistically; faced is stylized with hair in an intricate pattern; the facial expression is seen in most of this time

(A) This work uses this simple perspective technique of overlapping in which a figure is placed slightly in front of another and in the case the heads form a single line. (C) The garments no longer relate to the human form under them, as they seem to hang on invisible frames. This contracts strongly to the earlier work, The Good Shepard in which the drapery flows over the bodies naturally. (E) The tall, spare, angular, and elegant figures seem to have no substance with the gorgeous draperies falling straight and stiff from the narrow shoulders, their thickly lidded eyes stare outward and they gesture unnaturally. These figures characteristics contrast strongly with the figures in The Good Shepard in which the figures are posed naturalistically and were created using classical proportions.

Figure 15-3 Justinain and the attedants from the church of st vitale, is an example of the art style that comprised most of the ornamentation of the early Christian churches. which of these statements are true about this work of art?

Nonobjective

Figure 4-11; page 48 Judy Flaps voodoo is a ____ work of art. The highly saturated colors and jagged shapes comprise the content and the spirit of the work with no references to make sure our reality.

Triptych

Robert Campin's Merode Altarpiece (Figure 6-12) is a _____ whose three panels from left to right, contain the kneeling donors of the Altarpiece; an Annunciation scene with the Virgin Mary and the angel Gabriel; and Joseph, the foster father of Jesus, at the work in his carpentry shop.

Which statement is not an example of formalist criticism?

Sketch 1 for composition VII Kandinsky used the Apocalypse or the end of the world as foretold in the biblical book of revelation as inspiration for this work of art.

IMPASTO

The Dutch Baroque painter Rembrandt was a much sought after portrait painter. Rembrandt surrounded his figures in a haziness using exaggerated chiaroscuro as other Baroque artist and he used a painterly technique like Valasquez in which his brush strokes are heavily loaded with pigments and applied in thick ____ FIGURE 17-18 PAGE 404

B) This work shows a masterful use of chiaroscuro, or the gradual shifting from light to dark through successive gradation of tones across the surface. C) Leonardo creates a focal point on Christ through isolation that results from the leaning away of the apostles. E) The composition is organized through the use of one-point linear perspective. G) The artist creates a focal point on Christ by the silhouette of Christ created by the light that pierces the otherwise dark background.

The Last Supper by Leonardo's da Vinci displays, the Renaissance ideals of Classicism, humanism, and technical perfection. Remembering our lessons from Chapter 2: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 3: Principles of Deign, which of these would be examples of "technical perfection." figure 16-7 page 373

A.)Monet's luncheon guests were ordinary members of the French middle class. This nude, seated woman also meets the viewer's stare, as if the viewer is intruding. C.)Instead of beginning with a dark underpainting and building up highlights. He began with a white surface and worked to build up dark tones. D.)He did not use traditional chiaroscuro to model his figures. Instead he used a broadly brushed application of flat, barely modeled hue that sat squarely on the canvas with no regard for illusionism

The artist Edouard Manet was pivotal in the development of Impressionism and one of his most important works was Le Dejeuner sur L'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass). Which of these statements is/are innovations within the work that met with disapproval from critics and the public, but would change the future of art? FIGURE 19-12 PAGE 451

Leonardo's Da Vinci's Madonna of the rocks.

The artists of the Renaissance, along with the philosophers and scientists, tended to share the sense of the universe as an orderly place that was governed by natural law and capable of being expressed in mathematical and geometric terms. One of the artist that practiced this philosophy was Piero della Francesca. A development of his believes can be seen in his work Resurrection in which all the figures in the painting are contained within a triangle with Christ at the apex. This would become a major compositional device in Renaissance painting and can be seen in many other works of the time, another example would be

Linear Perspective

The fresco The School of Athens uses ____ a system for depicting the depth, in which parallel lines receding into the distance converge at a point on the horizon line known as the vanishing point. Forms get smaller in portion to the receding lines.

groin vaults bay

___ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as ______

Relief

____ is an printmaking technique in which the printing plate or matrix is carved with carving tools so that the areas that aren't meant to be printed (not meant to leave an image) are below the surface of the matrix. the image is printed from all remaining raised surface.

CUBISM

_______can trace its heritage to the analytical and intellectual work of Cezanne. It built upon his geometrization of nature, abandonment of scientific perspective, rendering of multiple views, and emphasis on the two-dimensional canvas surface.

DRY MEDIAAAA

____are abrasive and scratch the surface of the support, leaving particles of the material being used where they come into contact with the support. They include the mediums of silverpoint, pencil, charcoal, chalk, crayon, and pastel.

dome

an architectural structure generally in the shape of a hemisphere of a hay globe and is commonly defined as an arch rotated 360 degrees.

Classical

an important improvement from Archaic Sculpture in depicting a more realistic human figure in ____ sculpture, that can be seen in Polyleitos Doryphoros is the weight shift principle. This shifting of weight results in a diagonal balancing of tension and relaxation.

a mosaic

figure 15-3 page 331 justinan and attendants from the church of st vitale is an example of _____. this art style comprised most of the ornamentation of the early Christain churches. in this medium a design is formed by embedding small pieces of colored stone or glass in cement.

A. We have two groups of figures on either side of the focal point dividing the composition in half and creating symmetrical balance. B. In both works our attention is drawn to the focal point by orthogonal leading directly to where they are silhouetted against the sky breaking through an opening in the background wall. C. Both works have diagonals that lead toward a single horizon point and are balanced by strong horizontals and verticals in the architecture and figural groupings, lending a feeling of Classical stability and predictability. D. Both works use chiaroscuro the balance of light and shade in a work to represent light falling across a curved or rounded surface to create very realistic figures and forms in their compositions.

fig 16-17 page 373 fig 16-20 page 375 Remembering our lessons from Chapter 2: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 3: Principles of Deign compare Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper and Raphael's The School of Athens we see these similarities.

a.) tintoretto's work space is sliced by a sharp diagonal, it has asymmetrical balance. leonardo's work appears to be divided down the middle and its symmetrical balance. b.) both works use chiaroscuro the balance of light and shade in a work to represent light falling across a curved or rounded surface. tintoretto increases the use of contrast between highlights and shadows, which enhances the sense of drama. c.) leonardo chose a moment signifying death, tintoretto a moment signifying life, depicted with in an atmosphere that is teeming with life. d.) leonardo's apostles seem posed for the occasion when contrasted with tintoretto's spontanesously gesturing figures that look like they should move any moment.

fig 16-17 page 373 fig 16-28 page 382 a comparison of Tintoretto's the last supper with Leonardo's the last supper will show the dramatic changes that had taken place in both art and the concept of art over almost a century.

icongraphy

figure 14-35 page 322 perhaps because early Christains were persecuted they adopted many symbols that were already present in roman art for their own proposes like a fish for Christ and grapes for the promises of salvation through the blood Jesus had shed. But after the persecution stopped the symbolism still remember and important to Christain art. So when interpreting its symbolic meaning or its ______, such as the good shepard in st. pietro and marcenino.

central plan

figure 15-2 page 330 even though this church has a traditional plan exterior like other Christain churches, the church of san vitale is an example of the ____ church, which was the popular style in the east and the art of Byzantine. This church is known for it spatial effect. it is octogonal with a domed central spaceA

the fiber arts of weaving and embroidery

figure 15-26; page 348 in the middle ages there was one art form that women of all social classes and walks of life were taught, ___ the most famous surviving example of works created by women is the Bayeux Tapestry, which describes the invasion of England by William the Conquer in a continuous narrative that was at least 230 running feet long.

a.) the portal sculpture figures from chartres cathedral are stiff and rigid in their poses. they take on the shape of the columns to which they are attached. whereas, the figures from the portal of Reims Cathedral are detached from the columns in the background and have a freedom of movement not had seen in the Chartres figures. B.) compared to the other images in this grouping for the Reims Cathedral the Virgin Mary has the most characteristics in common with the figures in the west portal of the Chartres Catherdral in that her stance is the most rigid, and her gestures and facial expression are the most stylized. (C)The images from the Reims cathedral of the Virgin Mary, Gabriel, and the two figures of the Visitation show different stylistic characteristics for each other. (D)The figures of Mary and Elizabeth from the Visitation have the most realistic characteristics with their contrapposto stance and now the folds of the drapery articulate the movement of the body beneath it.

figure 15-33 page 354 figure 15-34 page 355 compare and contrast the portal sculpture of the chartres cathedral and the reims cathedral. which of these statements are true?

a.) carefully structured, contained in a gabled shape. both used gold embellishment common to byzantine art. some content and composition to a large extent. b.) both cimabue and giotto figures have height and width, but only giotto figures have depth and mass through his greater use of chiaroscuro. their location in space is from front to rear rather than atop one another as in cimbue's composition. c.) cimbaue's slender virgin, is fragile beneath the thin rippling of her drapery, whereas Giotto has replaced her with a godly mother. d.) giotto's greater use of chiaroscuro makes for a more naturalistic composition.

figure 16-6 page 364; figure 16-7 page 364 When we look at the Late Gothic work Madonna Enthroned by Cimabue and the Early Renaissance work Madonna Enthroned by Giotto, we see both similarities and differences. Both works can be considered transitional works. By use of observation, knowledge learned in previous chapters, and reading this chapter, which of these statements is/are true about these two works?

Perhaps the most significant figure painter of the Impressionism movement was Piette-Auguste Renoir. One of his favorite subject matters and of the Impressionist artists was painting members of the middle class enjoying leisure time activities. In Le Moulin de la Galette we see his primary interest of painting the effect of light as it players across the surface of objects and his characteristic feathery brushstrokes.

figure 19-20 page 456!!!! (pierre- auguste renoir. le moulin de la galette) which statement applies to this work of art?

In the work The Rehearsal by the Impressionist painter Edgar Degas we see the influence that Japanese woodcuts had on the Impressionist. We also see the influence that photography had on his work. As in Japanese prints we see the use of line to direct the viewer's eye. In this case the diagonals of the floorboards carry our eyes briskly from outside the canvas to the different groups of congregated figures. He has framed his work as a camera image often does by slicing off figures and forms in a seemingly arbitrary fashion.

figure 19-22 page 458 (edgar degas, the rehearsal) which statement applies to this work of art?

POINTILLISM

figure 19-23 page 459 At first the works of Georges Seurat seem like they would be part of the Impressionist movement, except he disciplined the free and fluent play of the Impressionist into a calculated arrangement of color based on scientific color theories. Seurat's technique is called _____________, after his application of pigment in small dabs, or points, of pure color. Upon close inspection, the painting appears to be a collection of dots of vibrant hues-complementary colors abutting one another, primary colors placed side by side. These hues intensify or blend to form yet another color in the eye of the viewer who beholds the canvas from a distance.

VINCENT VAN GOGH

figure 19-25 page 461 One of the most tragic and best known figures of the Postimpressionist was____________. He felt painting was about the expression of the artist emotions and color was an important part of this. He believed color not the form determined the expressive content of his pictures. There is a sense of expressiveness in both his use of colors and in his application of paint. The thickness, shape, and direction of his brush strokes create a tactile counterpart to his intensive color schemes. One of his most famous works Starry Night is filled with ecstatic movement. Both the earth and sky pulsate with over powering turbulence, creating his own unique vision.

EDVARD MUNCH

figure 19-29 page 465 The central theme in the works of the Expressionist painter ______ is pain and isolation. In The Scream he transforms the placid landscape into one that echoes in waves of high-pitched tone that emanates from the sunken head. This references the swirling forms of van Gogh's works, but he has added a sense of horror to the intensity of his work. The composition speaks of his view of humanity as being consumed by an increasingly dehumanized society.

The expressionist artist Kathe Kollwitz sought to evoke universal symbols for inhumanity, injustice, and humankind's destruction of itself in her works. In the work The Outbreak even though it records an event in the Peasant's war of the 16th century, it stands as an inspiration to all those who strive for freedom against the odds.

figure 19-30 page 465 (KATHE KOLLWITZ, the outbreak) which statement applies to this work of art?

The Impressionist Mary Cassatt is an American artist who moved to France to become part of the inner circle of the Impressionists. In the work The Boating Party we see her style differs from the atmospherics and transitory images of other Impressionists. She constructs a more solid composition with her use of color, line, the compressed sense of space, and the simplified shapes of the boat and sail.

figure 19-31 page 466 (MARY CASSATT, the boating party) which statement applies to this work of art?

FAURISM

figure 20-1 page 466 A short-lived but influential art movement, ______ choose their color and brushwork on the basis of its ability to express emotional qualities. They painted traditional subject matters of nudes, still lives, and landscapes, but what set their works apart was their harsh, no descriptive color, bold linear patterning, and a distorted form of perspective. We see this in Andre Derain's painting London Bridge.

WASSILY KANDINSKY

figure 20-4 page 479 One of the founders of the Der Blaue Reiter movement ______ believed in colors capacity to communicate the artists in most psychological and spiritual concerns. In his essay "Concerning the Spiritual in Art" he examined the belief that artist must express the spirit and their innermost feelings by the orchestration of color, form, line, and space. In the work Sketch for Composition VII we see his application of these theories in which bold colors, lines, and shapes tear dramatically across the canvas with what looks like no preconceived fashion.

Armana period

in egyptain art the depiction of the figure followed a strict conventionalism that lasted for thousands of years. the exception to this was the ____ when the wedge shaped stylizations that stood as a rigid canon for the representation of the human body were replaced by curving lines and full bodied forms.

ONE POINT LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

in order to create a naturalistic representation of three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface Renaissance artist developed rulers of perspective. in Masaccio's Holy Trinity one sees the use of _______ as he creates the illusion of an extension of the architectural space in the church.

Style

in the visual arts, __ refers to a distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an individual artist, a school or movement, or specific culture or time period.

Composition

is the organization of the visual elements in a work of art.

Trusses

primarily used for covering roofs of structures. acquire their strength form the fact that the sides of a triangle, once joined, cannot be forced out of shape.

Romanesque and the Gothic Tympanum.

scultpure of the ____ periods was mainly restricted to architectural decoration in relief sculptures around the portals or principle entrances. some of the most important and elaborate sculptural decoration is found in a semicircular space above the catherdal doors called the ____.

greek

the ___ culture has had more far reaching and lasting influence on art and civilization than any other culture even to deny its influences can be felt in science, mathematics, law, politics, and art.

Egyptian, Old Kingdom. Soul

the _____ statue of Khafre is an example of tomb sculpture. The artist has confined the figure to the block of stone from which it was carved instead of allowing it to stand freely in space. Permanence was essential as sculptures like Khafre were created to house the Ka or _____ if the mummified remains of the deceased disintegrated.

arch

the most significant design in Roman construction was the ___

Concrete

the other most significant building design was the use of ___ to replace cut stone.

light, line, time, texture, space, shape, motion, color, value

the vocabulary of art includes

content

there are three levels of __ subject matter, elements and compostion, and underlying or symbolic meaning or themes.