Art History Exam 1

Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting, sculpture, and architecture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt to synthesize both of their styles, and which is best reflected by the paintings

Academic Style (Realism)

1.privileged imagination and emotion over reason and rationality 2.interest in the exotic/development of Orientalism; interest in the erotic 3. focus on individual (freedom, rights, introspection) 4. landscape as a vehicle of expression 5. contemporary subject matter 6. ambiguity

Aspects of Romanticism

during a time of enlightenment thinking, written by Marx and Engels, this rise in technology highlights class divisions, critiques the negative affects of capitalism on us and how it is a man made system and not natural, and is meant to benefit the big man, whats important is it exemplifies the self awareness of people at the time

Communist Manifesto (Realism)

with the rise of Protestantism the Catholic church doubled down in their ideals using emotional imagery and grandiosity in architecture

Counter Reformation ( Italian Baroque)

The French Academy, which set the standards for "official" art in France, was founded in 1648 under King Louis XIV as the Académie Royale de peinture et de sculpture; after the French Revolution, the Royal Academy became the Académie de peinture et sculpture.

French Royal Academy

a member of the French moderate republican party in power 1791-93 during the French Revolution, so called because the party leaders were the deputies from the department of the Gironde.

Girondist

1.History (Religious, Classical, Myth, Modern) 2.Portraits 3.Genre 4.Landscape and Still Life

Hierarchy of Genres (Rococo)

The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by Romanticism.

Hudson River School (Romanticism)

the many contradictory ways self-termed Western cultures view so-called Eastern cultures as Other, as utopia, as exotic fantasy, as metaphor, and as source of land, labor, and material goods, to name a few

Orientalism (Romanticism)

manipulation of lightening effects, emphasizes a sharp contrast of light and dark, embellished/ exaggerated form of chiarscuro

Tenebrism (Italian Baroque)

A new way of thinking critically about the world and humankind independently of religion, myth, or tradition.

The Enlightenment: "The Age of Reason"

an upperclass tradition to travel Europe and study culture when someone comes of age

The Grand Tour

the idea that there is a kind of beauty that is awe inspiring by its power and terror, and directly confronted gods presence in our world, powerlessness of man

The Sublime (Romanticism)

Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia. 1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.

Thirty Years War

this gives territorial sovereignty to land, and ended the thirty years war

Treaty of Westphalia (Flemish Baroque)

a series of three paintings

Triptych (Flemish Baroque)

an artist's or a designer's workshop

atelier

Bernini, David

compared with ichelangelo it has movement and is less a moment of perfection

paintings of everyday life

genre painting (Italian Baroque)

devoid of the grandiosity typical of the baroque period in other areas

history paintings (Dutch Baroque)

noun. a female slave or concubine in a harem, especially in that of the sultan of Turkey. (initial capital letter) any of a number of representations of such a woman or of a similar subject, part of orientalism

Odalisque (Romanticism)

a word used to mock art of the time, used to describe dramtic and emotionally charged works used engagement with space, movement, diagonals, asymetry

Baroque

he designed the whole thing in order to focus everything on the center, meant to welcome the secular world into the world of the church, its like a religious foyer, Tuscan order columns keep space simple to focus on st peters basilica

Bernini, St. Peter's Piazza

1.renewed interest in Greco-Roman art & literature 2.linear style that creates clearly defined forms 3.subdued color palette 4. frieze-like composition 5. conveys a moral message in the hopes of enlightening the viewer (typically encouraging patriotism or virtue)

Characteristics of Neoclassicism

1.subjects from the artist's time and experience 2.favored genre scenes 3.subject portrayed in a direct, unemotional, unsentimental manner

Characteristics of Realism

1.lighthearted, frivolous subject matter 2.incorporates elements of escapist fantasy 3.occasional suggestion of the erotic 4.pastel coloring, curvilinear forms

Characteristics of Rococo Style:

Latin, "reminder of death." In painting, a reminder of human mortality, usually represented by a skull.

Momento mori (Dutch Baroque)

flowers were important to dutch economy, strong middle class commissioned paintings, this painting demonstrates great skill in detail, some of the flowers are wilting so it could be considered a vanitas painting making a commentary on the fleeting nature of life.

Rachel Ruysch,Flower Still Life,1700 Oil on Canvas

paintings facing the figures back, depicts them from behind

Ruckenfigur (Romanticism)

is generally an exhibition of works rejected by the jury of the official Paris Salon, but the term is most famously used to refer to the Salon des Refusés of 1863

Salon des Refuses (Realism)