Art History Ultimate Review
How many people were involved in the stained glass procedure, and who were they?
4 - designer, glassblower, artisan, and painter
How is Leonardo da Vinci?s The Last Supper different from traditional depictions?
A and B are correct.
What is a pilgrimage church?
A church frequently visited because of the relics of saints A church where pilgrims would worship.
How does Michelangelo emphasize that God made Adam in his own image in The Creation of Adam?
Adam's form and pose mimic God's.
Which of the following is an example of Ottonian architecture?
All of the above
How was art affected by the Reformation?
All of the above are true.
What methodological approach was considered in creating this piece? Justify your answer.
Answer will vary but may include the following: The artist took a Marxist approach when created this painting. We know this because the painting shows wealthy society, and Marxism related to art's relationship with social, economic, and political circumstances.
Name the artist of the painting above. Describe the image, including how the gender of the artist influenced the piece.
Answer will vary but may include the following: The artwork is a self-portrait painted by Frida Kahlo. As an independent and free-spirited woman, she chose to paint herself in a naturalistic way. She wanted to show the truth as beautiful, and the sternness and confidence within herself and the female gender.
Define Psychoanalysis. Why might an artist choose to use this method of art?
Psychoanalysis is a method that considers the underlying unconscious meaning of an artwork. The artist may use this method it he/she wishes to convey a certain image, but feels that the use of symbols will best conveys a desired message to the observer.
Whose self portrait is seen below?
Raphael
What did an artist have to do to become part of the guild?
Receive an examination of a masterpiece that could achieve master status.
Who created the piece shown below?
Riemenschneider
Who created the piece shown below?
Riemenschneider.
Which of the following is a well-known pilgrimage church?
Saint James in Santiago de Compostela
What significance do Leonardo's technical achievements have?
Scientists have actually built some of them.
Why did most Italian architecture seem to be focused more on design than engineering?
Sculptors and painters were responsible for Italian architecture.
What was the Reformation?
Separation between the Catholic and Protestant churches.
Which of the following projects was commissioned by popes?
Sistine Chapel
Which of these does not use ribbed vaulting in its design?
St. Patrick's Cathedral
What medium was used to create the piece above?
Stained glass.
What is the name of the painting below?
The Creation of Adam
Which of the following images would most likely have been approved by the Protestants following the Reformation?
C.
All of the following are considered methodologies of art, except which?
C. imagery
What is the most common purpose for composition in art?
C. it provides an understanding of, and agreement among, all the elements.
What did the color blue symbolize in Flemish painting?
Christ's royal heritage
What is the image below?
Church of San Lorenzo
Who painted the image above?
Clouet
Who painted the image above?
Clouet.
The king of France loved the Italian Renaissance so much that he__________________.
Commissioned artists for over 1,000 pieces for his castle.
Where did much of the Counter-Reformation take place?
Council of Trent
Realistic art is intended to show ___________.
D. object as they truly appear, without necessarily providing emotion or an experience.
Define Deconstruction. Provide an example of a famous painting that incorporated deconstruction.
Deconstruction is a branch of analysis that questions traditional assumptions about what we see, think, or do (reality). A famous example is Olympia, by Edouard Manet.
Which of the following churches contains great examples of the use of ribbed vaulting?
Durham Cathedral St. Etienne
What was the original concept of Vitruvian man, according to Roman engineer and architect Vitruvius?
For a man to be perfect, his hands and feet would touch the circumference of a circle when extended.
Who is pictured in the image above?
French King Francis I.
Which technique is being used when paint is applied to a dry plaster wall?
Fresco secco
What is the overall theme of the Sistine Chapel paintings?
God's relationship to man
What is pictured below?
Great Grotto, Boboli Gardens
What is Bramante credited with?
He introduced the High Renaissance style of architecture.
Albrecht Durer was a very versatile artist. Which of the following is not one of Durer's accomplishments?
He led a group of artists to use bolder colors
Albrecht Durer was a very versatile artist. Which of the following is not one of Durer's accomplishments?
He led a group of artists to use bolder colors.
How did Bramante bring about the High Renaissance style of architecture despite his slow beginnings?
He understood classical architecture and gave it a fresh look.
What physical characteristic does Michelangelo commonly used in his frescoes?
He uses strong muscular forms.
What was Brunelleschi's relationship with the Medici family?
He was commissioned frequently by the Medici family for many projects.
What were Michelangelo's feelings about painting in the Sistine Chapel?
He was less than happy.
Why was the king in the above image painted?
He was the greatest French patron of Italian Renaissance art.
Why was the king in the above image painted? a. Because he was the king and wanted to be honored. b. The artist wanted to impress the king. c. He was the greatest French patron of Italian Renaissance art.
He was the greatest French patron of Italian Renaissance art.
Which of the following is true about the Mona Lisa?
It is highly replicated work.
What was Florence's key role in the beginning of the Renaissance?
Its wealth and individualism promoted artistic growth.
Which of the following was a famous Flemish painter?
Jan van Eyck
Who created the piece below?
Krug family
Who created the piece below?
Krug family.
Who is known for the following quote? "The dignity of the artist lies in his duty of keeping awake the sense of wonder in the world. In this long vigil he often has to vary his methods of stimulation; but in this long vigil he is also himself striving against a continual tendency to sleep." a. Matthias Grünwald b. Marc Chagall c. Albrecht Altdorfer d. Albrecht Dürer
Marc Chagall
Who led the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
Which artist created Pieta, the sculpture seen below?
Michelangelo
Whose self portrait is seen below?
Michelangelo
Which of the following cities is known for its master metalsmiths?
Nuremberg.
What was the benefit of using oil versus tempera paint?
Oil paint is more flexible and allows artists to make changes easier.
What was the Counter-Reformation?
a rebuttal from the Catholics to seek internal reform and renewal
What is a grotto?
a recess typically made of irregular stones and covered with artificial foliage
What is Pieta?
a sculpture of Mary holding Jesus' body
What is the Tempietto, seen below?
a small tomb built by Bramante, in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio
What decorative features were used on the prow of the Oseberg ship?
a spiral ending in a serpent head
What is buon fresco?
a technique in which water based paints are applied on wet plaster
Who were the Medicis?
a wealthy banking family who virtually ruled Florence
In Robert Campin's Triptych of the Annunciation, what everyday object was turned into a religious symbol?
a white towel
The ______(1)_______ were skillful artisans with ceramics. They developed their own form of ceramics known as ______(2)_______ over 10,000 years ago.
a. (1) Chinese; (2) porcelain
Which of the following is not true of sculpture in the round?
a. There are three main techniques of sculpture in the round which include, casting, carving, and assemblage.
The primary difference between a high relief and a low relief is that _________________
a. a high relief must project at least halfway off the background.
When we see something that exists in real life, there are many different ways to display imagery and importance using art. What the artist ________ depends on what he/she wants to communicate.
a. emphasizes
A craft ___________________
a. emphasizes the physical effort and skill in the creative process.
All of the following are types of artistic techniques that use fibers, except which?
a. glass blowing
This relief sculpture is an example of a ________________. (red background with squares and lines)
a. high relief
______________ is the process of forming a pliable medium with hands or tools.
a. modeling
This is an example of a ________________ because it not only shows skills and beauty, but was also created to hold or transport something.
a. piece of functional art
This image is an example which technique in ceramics?
a. red figure painting
The church pictured above is an example of Ottonian architecture. Which of the following churches is shown in this picture?
a. the church of Saint Cyriakus
If a piece of glass permits light to pass through, then it is considered ___________.
a. transparent
What did Pseudo-Dionysius inspire Abbot Suger to do?
adapt the concept of the church design
How is stained glass made?
adding metallic oxides to sand and ash or lime, then infusing at high temperatures
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mona Lisa, and different from other traditional works?
all of the above
Which of the following is true about the Mona Lisa?
all of the above
How did the invention of ribbed groin vaults change Romanesque architecture?
allowed for the addition of clerestory windows
Assemblage is ________________
an additive process where artists construct work by putting together objects and attaches them in some way.
Black figure painting is ____________________
an ancient Greek technique in which the figures appear as black silhouettes on red background.
What is a guild?
an association of people organized by occupation
What technique was used to create a more realistic interpretation in Flemish art?
atmospheric perspective
The Arts and Crafts Movement was largely fueled by the _____(1)_____, in which everything was mass produced. More and more artists wanted to return to _____(2)_____ objects that were unique.
b. (1) Industrial Revolution; (2) hand-crafted
A ______(1)______ is used to spin the clay while the ceramicist shapes it into a form, where as a ______(2)______ is used to fire, or heat the clay.
b. (1) potters wheel; (2) kiln
What church contains the image shown below?
b. San Clement
A freestanding sculpture _________________
b. is surrounded by space on all sides, allowing it to be viewed from multiple perspectives..
Which of these forms is a common feature in Romanesque architecture?
b. towers
What style(s) did the Foundling Hospital construction reflect?
both traditional forms and Renaissance style
How is tempera paint made?
by binding pigments with egg yolk
By what means was most of the art in Florence created?
by patronage funding from the Medici family
_____(1) _____ are made by heating sand silica until it melts into a liquid state. The melted glass can then either be shaped by _____(2) _____ the liquid glass or by pouring the melted glass into a mold. The shape and size of the finished piece depends on the tools and method used by the artist.
c. (1) Glass crafts; (2) blowing
___________ is a creative expression of an idea in some form.
c. art
Which of the following is an example of the Oseberg ship?
c. black ship with swirl
_____________ is a process, also known as inlay, in which spaces are cut into wood and filled with wood shapes of a different color.
c. intarsia
Prisms made of glass will ________ light and create colored rainbows on a wall, as is shown in the image above.
c. refract
Of what materials were Viking helmets made?
c. tight-fitting leather or metal
The Stave Church in Borgund, Norway is an example of _________________.
c. timber architecture
The king of France loved the Italian Renaissance so much that he__________________. a. modeled his castle in the Italian style b. commissioned artists for over 1,000 pieces for his castle c. commissioned Leonardo da Vinci to move to France d. all of the above
commissioned artists for over 1,000 pieces for his castle
Earthenware is a(n) ____________________
common material used for pottery and decorative objects. It has to be fired and glazed because it is so brittle and porous in its natural form.
Which of the following is one of the painting steps in Cennino Cennini's painting handbook?
cover with linen soaked in gesso
Which of the following is not true of relief sculpture?
d. The carved images in relief sculptures always extend at least halfway off the background.
The Vikings were seamen from which of the following countries?
d. all of the above
All of the following are examples of materials used for carving, except which?
d. clay
The process of making cloth through interlacing the threads on a loom is called ____________.
d. weaving
Which of the following was a preliminary step in making a stained glass piece?
designer drew a composition on a wood panel
The Sistine Chapel paintings resulted in a new powerful style in ______ Renaissance.
high
Which of the following is a traditional type of Scandinavian architecture?
horizontal log construction
Which of the following is not one of da Vinci's contributions to technology?
ideas for space travel
A handicraft _____________
is made using hand skills and generally serves a utilitarian rather than fine art function.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Romanesque architecture?
large but detailed in decoration
What characteristic method of Roman architecture was used to create The Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence?
mathematics
What did da Vinci add to the concept of Vitruvian man?
notes written in reverse at the beginning and end of the page
How was Rogier van der Weyden's Last Judgment displayed?
painted on inside to display when open, painted on outside to display when closed
What is the artistic term for an image of Mary holding her dead son Jesus?
pieta
In the above image, what does the white towel in the back of the middle panel represent?
purity
What does the word Renaissance mean?
rebirth
Which of these was an experimental type of Romanesque architecture?
ribbed vaults
What type of stained glass window was invented during the Gothic period?
rose window
In addition to being a religious symbol, the statue David also _______________________.
served as a reminder of Florence's republican state
Which of these characteristics is an example of the Gothic style?
soaring stonework and ribbed vaults
What medium was used to create the piece above?
stained glass
What does David's expression suggest?
that he is about to encounter danger
Which of the following is true about Flemish painting?
the art was both symbolic and realistic
What classic principles did Bramante combine in his work Tempietto?
the classic principles of Vitruvius and architect Alberti
What part of a ship is the prow?
the most forward part of a ship's bow
Who were the members of the guild?
the rich and powerful
What is iconoclasm?
the smashing of religious imagery
What is one major contributing feature to the Tempietto? (below)
the stepped Doric columns and the frieze
Why did the pilgrimage churches undergo large scale building projects?
to accommodate the rising number of visitors
What was the role of the artisan?
to cut individual pieces from the sheets of glass
What was the role of a master builder?
to supervise construction to design the structures
What is Vitruvian man?
world renowned drawing of the correct human proportions
What was the Foundling Hospital?
a public orphanage that was constructed by Brunelleschi
Look closely at the image above. When you look at this image, how would you describe it? Where does your eye want to go when you look at this piece? Include the elements of design and/or vocabulary terms in your response.
Answer will vary but may include the following: The image is of a side profile of a woman's head, mounted on a cubed-base. She appears to be leaning, or perhaps falling. Although the woman is obviously plastic, the apathy and surrender in her face is supported by the statement, which written vertically down the left-hand side of the picture. The eye natural goes to the woman's eye, and then tends to drift up towards the word and the top and then down the statement, which gives the piece balance along with the use of shades and shadows creating unity.
Examine the piece above. What is the subject matter in this piece? What is the content?
Answer will vary but may include the following: The subject matter in this piece is the natural landscape of the tree, paths, and mountains. The content in this piece is created by the artist's use of calm hues in the trees and sky, and the blending brushstrokes used among the trees, which seem to flow together with the ground and mountains. These elements evoke a sense of peace and serenity.
Why have most cultures throughout history used artistic works as a form of representation?
Artist works are often used to document or commemorate an event or important person. Art can convey both emotion and facts. Wars, troublesome times, and great rulers are often remembered through art.
Which of the following statements is true about the paintings of Flanders?
Artists used commonly understood symbols in their paintings.
There was much ______ used in the ancient writings, to produce a visual narrative of what had happened.
B. symbolism
Who is pictured below?
Bramante
Which of these artists designed the Great Grotto in Boboli Gardens?
Buontalenti
Above is an image of King Tut's Gold Sarcophagus, which is an example of how the Egyptian commemorated the dead. Explain how Egyptian commemorate the wealthy and royal dead and why?
The Egyptians commemorated the wealthy and royal dead by mummifying their bodies, and placing them in sarcophaguses, which were often made or gold and other precious jewels. They placed them in tombs, which included paintings of their achievements. The purpose was to commemorate the greatness of the ruler buried and give glory to the Egyptian gods, as well as fulfill a functional purpose of documenting history and burying the body.
What is the title of the work below?
The New Sacristy
What is atmospheric perspective?
The effect produced by diffusion of light in the atmosphere whereby more distant objects have less clarity of outline and are lighter in tone.
What is iconoclasm?
The smashing of religious imagery.
What major change following the Reformation occurred in the 16th century in Europe?
There was a major division between Catholicism and Protestantism throughout Europe.
What role did the Medici family play in Florence?
They gave large amounts of money to artists to build buildings, produce paintings, and sculpt for the inner community.
Which of the following is TRUE about gothic master builders?
They worked closely with the Abbot to design and build a church.
Name the artwork above and its artist. Describe what you observe when you look at the piece and the intentions of the artist when he/she created this piece.
This piece is by Rene Magritte, entitled, The Son of Man. Answer will vary but may include the following: When we look at this, we can identify that there is a man dressed in a long suit and hat with a piece of fruit in front of his face. This piece makes us feel uncomfortable. Based on the title and the setting, this painting might be alluding to the biblical story of creation and the apple ate by the first man and woman, which went against God's instructions. This use of imagery and symbolism could perhaps imply the presence of temptation in a modern setting. Man have always been, and always will be faced with temptations, and decisions between right and wrong.
For the above visual narration, provide its title, medium, and both its historical and practical significance.
Title: Bayeux Tapestry Medium: embroidered with needle and thread on cloth Historical Significance: It tells the story of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Practical Significance: It was durable, portable, and served as an insulator in the winter.
Buon fresco and fresco secco can be used in the same wall painting.
True
What is an impost block?
a block that is between the column top (capital) and the springing of the rounded arch
A high relief is _________________
a form that extends at least halfway out of the background.
Which of the following features could be found in more exotic grottos?
a fountain or pool
What was the Oseberg ship used for?
a grave ship
Who was Pseudo-Dionysius?
a greek philosopher
According to the information presented in the lecture, which of the following inventions commonly used today was first designed by Leonardo da Vinci?
a helicopter
What is gesso?
a medium used as a surface preparation or primer for a painting
What is a triptych?
a piece of art with three panels