ART MIDTERM

Most commercial color printing is achieved using four separate colors, represented by the matrix ______

CMYK

The principle of rhythm does not apply to photography.

FALSE

This Greek sculptor wrote a treatise on how to create a statue of a human being with perfect proportions.

Polykleitos

What emotional and psychological responses are typical to someone is exposed to red or red light for extended periods?

They become aggressive. They want to eat.

This inventor co-created the film Fred Ott's Sneeze, which was one of the first American movies.

Thomas Edison

If an artist painted a garden with one red flower in a field of yellow flowers, this would be an example of using color to create contrast. For the viewer, the single red flower would be ________

a focal point in the artwork

When using a series of squares that are exactly the same shape, implied depth can be achieved by _

a. alternating value b. relative size c. overlapping d. relative position

Sometimes artists use this kind of changing pattern to make a work more lively.

alternating pattern

Colors that do not contrast strongly with each other, and which are similar in wavelength, are ________ colors.

analogous

Disney's Finding Nemo is an example of a series of computer-generated images played in rapid succession. This medium is called ________.

animation

In Egyptian art the Pharaoh was almost always depicted in this way.

as the largest of all figures

If an artist painted a street scene with one large building on the left-hand side, and two smaller buildings on the right-hand side, this would be an example of ________ balance.

asymmetrical

________ balance is achieved when two halves of a composition are not mirror images of each other.

asymmetrical

When objects are far away they lack contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because of the interference of air. Artists take advantage of this when they use the process called:

atmospheric perspective

Creating visual weight and counterweight is part of an artist's use of the element of ________ in creating a work of art.

balance

The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon created chiaroscuro by using ________ chalk on paper.

black and white

Which color combination is analogous?

blue, blue-gree and green

This method of applying value to a two-dimensional artwork in order to create the illusion of three-dimensional solid form is called _______

chiaroscuro

An artist can use color to indicate depth. When a color is very pure and intense then it seems to be ____

closer

This is the most vivid element of art and design.

color

Colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel are radically different in wavelength and are called ________.

complementary colors

The three kinds of unity are:

compositional, conceptual, gestalt

Disparate visual elements can be linked together with a common idea. This is ________ unity.

conceptual

In order to create value in his drawing Head of a Satyr, Michelangelo used both hatching and ________, a variation where the lines overlap, allowing for the depiction of darker tones.

cross-hatching

The medieval Arabic scholar Alhazen used a camera obscura, a device that later helped artists to understand the basic tenets of linear perspective. Camera obscura is a Latin phrase. What is the closest English translation?

dark room

Artists can create a sense of ________ by using light and dark values.

depth

This use of scale can create an abnormal or supernatural effect, and was used by the Surrealists to do just that.

distorted scale

An artist would probably use distorted scale if he or she wanted to create a lifelike scene that the viewer could relate to.

false

If Alexander Calder's Untitled mobile was powered by a small motor, rather than air currents, it would not be an example of actual motion.

false

Photographers cannot be responsible for principles of scale or proportion in their photographs.

false

The elements of time and motion are not applicable to the art of photography.

false

This is the specific part in an area of emphasis to which the viewer's eye is drawn.

focal point

If an artist were to draw a figure whose arm was pointing directly toward the viewer, what technique would the artist have to use when drawing the outstretched arm?

foreshortening

Joseph Cornell created boxes that contain compositions of ________ objects.

found

The German word that refers to something in which the whole seems greater than the sum of its parts is ______

gestalt

Romare Bearden's work The Dove uses an underlying ________ reflecting the city streets to create a sense of order.

grid

The ancient Greeks designed the Parthenon according to the idealized rules of proportion for the human body, creating ________ design.

harmonious

The process of using a series of parallel lines set close to one another to differentiate planes of value in a work of art is called

hatching

The ancient Greek sculptor who created the bronze known as Poseidon (1.136) used this part of the body as a standard unit for proportional measurement in the work.

head

When a Yoruba sculptor created a human form, he or she made this body part disproportionately large:

head

This type of scale is common in the relief sculpture of ancient Egypt, where it was used to indicate social importance.

hierarchical

When an artist uses scale to indicate the relative importance of elements in a composition, he or she is employing this kind of scale.

hierarchical scale

he chiaroscuro method uses five defined values: cast shadow, reflected light, core shadow, light, and _

highlight

The term used for referring to the basic colors of the spectrum is _____

hue

Which two types of line shape our examination of a work of art by directing the movement of our gaze?

implied actual

An artist might use a small scale for a portrait of a lover because it implies ______

intimacy

Variety can ________ a design.

invigorate

The computer simulation game Transistor (below) uses ________ perspective.

isometric

This system, which derives its name from the Greek meaning "equal measure," uses diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth.

isometric perspective

Advertisers often use this color to reach their audience because it is the most visible in the spectrum.

lime yellow

This is the system for creating an illusion of depth using three basic components: horizon line, vanishing point, and convergence lines.

linear perspective

A color that is almost gray has a ________ saturation.

low

Tibetan Buddhist monks create colored sand images with a radial design. This representation of the universe is called a

mandala

The Swedish-born artist Claes Oldenburg uses this kind of scale in his sculptures to express admiration for the little things in everyday life.

monumental

A design repeated as a unit in a pattern is called a ________

motif

In Islamic art it is not uncommon to see complex interlaced __________, which are designs repeated as units in a pattern.

motifs

A Summer Shower by the British artist Edith Hayllar employs linear perspective to create depth. The painting contains imaginary sightlines that converge toward a single vanishing point. These lines are also called ______

orthogonals

The French artist Georges Seurat employed a new technique to create a jewel-like diffusion of light and vibration of color in his work The Circus. This type of painting, made up of small dots of color, is known as ________

pointillism

This object can be used to separate white light into the colors of the spectrum.

prism

The relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up its _______

proportions

_______ balance is achieved when all elements in a work of art are equidistant from a central point and repeat in a symmetrical way from side to side and top to bottom.

radial

If you were to create an artwork by throwing open cans of paint over your shoulder onto a canvas behind you, this work would be an example of ________.

randomness

Using automatic reactions to apply art materials in such a way as consciously to deny order can lead to __________ in art.

randomness

If you were to design an eye-catching poster using only two colors, the combination that would most stand out to passersby would be ________.

red and green

The traditional primary colors are _____

red, yellow, blue

One method used to establish depth in Katsushika Hokusai's famous image The Great Wave Off Shore at Kanagawa (seen below) involves placing shapes higher or lower on the page. This process for creating depth is called ________.

relative position

The Italian Futurist artist Giacomo Balla illustrated the rapid movement of a dog running on a leash by painting a series of ________ in order to give the impression that we are seeing motion as it happens.

repeating marks

This principle of design arises from repetition of a pattern.

rhythm

If a figure in an artwork has drapery billowing out behind it, and appears to have multiple feet in different positions, the viewer might assume that this figure is ________

running forwards

Detective movies of the 1940s were filmed in such dark tones they were referred to as film noir. Filmmakers chose these dark values to enhance the ________ mood of the movies.

serious

A color that is lighter than its basic hue is known as a tint. A color that is darker than its basic hue is called a ________.

shade

The kind of motion that is created by showing a series of static images in quick succession is called ______

stroboscopic motion

When an artist wants to draw attention away from a particular part of the work, he or she uses_______

subordination

When ________ colors are mixed, they make a duller and darker color because more of the visible spectrum is absorbed.

subtractive

his group of artists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences.

surrealists

________ balance is achieved when both sides of a composition look exactly the same.

symmetrical

Color ________ can be relative to the other colors nearby. For example, violet can be warm if we see it next to a hot color like red, or cool if we see it next to a colder color like blue.

temperature

When an artist creates a work that deceives our eyes into believing there is motion as time passes, this is called ________.

the illusion of motion

Hatching and cross-hatching use two-dimensional lines to communicate ________ dept

three-dimensional

Traditional visual arts, such as painting, are inherently static, but artists have always found inventive ways of conveying the elements of ________ and ________.

time...motion

What element describes the imposition of order and harmony on a design?

unity

The element of art that describes the relative lightness or darkness of a hue, compared to another hue, is known as _______

value

The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element of art called __

value

One-point perspective does convey depth, but it has limited applications due to its reliance on a single ____

vanishing point

Compositional unity strikes an interesting balance between the monotony of too much similarity, and the chaos of too much ________ in a work of art.

variety

When complementary colors are used next to each other in a composition, they produce a visual anomaly called simultaneous contrast. This visual effect makes the colors appear to ________ along the boundary where the two colors meet.

vibrate