Arts 1301 1.6, 1.7 ,1.8

Artemisia Gentileschi worked during this stylistic and historical period.

Baroque

An artwork can have only one focal point.

False

The African-American sculptor Martin Puryear was influenced by the time he spent in Africa as a member of the ________.

Peace Corps

In The School of Athens, Raphael focused our attention on two Greek philosophers positioned in the center of the work. They are ________ and ________.

Plato . . . Aristotle

In his work The School of Athens, this Renaissance artist created figures using the ideal human proportions developed by the ancient Greeks.

Raphael

The Taj Mahal was commissioned by the grieving ________ as a memorial to his third and beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

Shah Jahan

Agnes Martin created Starlight so that there was no dominant area in the composition. This decision was partly influenced by her interest in Eastern philosophy, especially ________.

Taoism

An interior design that uses only straight lines might lack the visual interest of a more varied composition.

True

If an artist painted a street scene with one large building on the left-hand side, and two smaller buildings on the right-hand side, this would be an example of ________ balance.

asymmetrical

In his work Six Persimmons, the thirteenth-century Chinese monk Muqi used different visual weights on each side of the composition. This is known as ________ balance.

asymmetrical

________ balance is achieved when two halves of a composition are not mirror images of each other.

asymmetrical

Creating visual weight and counterweight is part of an artist's use of the element of ________ in creating a work of art.

balance

Artemisia Gentileschi used directional line brilliantly in her painting Judith Decapitating Holofernes to draw our attention to this point

blood spurting from Holofernes's neck

When an artist wants to highlight the entire surface of his or her work, without regard for any particular area, this is called ________.

broad emphasis

Katsushika Hokusai, in his woodcut "The Great Wave off Shore at Kanagawa," simplified and ordered the visual elements in the work to create ________.

compositional unity

In the Indian painting featuring the Mughal Emperor Babur in his garden (1.8.8), the garden is punctuated by a specific feature that points to the four cardinal directions. What is this feature?

water

An artist would probably use distorted scale if he or she wanted to create a lifelike scene that the viewer could relate to.

False

The Funeral of St. Bonaventure is a painting by the Spanish artist ________.

Francisco de Zurbarán

The composition of this photographer's work Fading Away appears to conform to a proportional ratio called the Golden Section.

Henry Peach Robinson

The story of Vishnu dreaming the universe, as depicted in an Indian relief carving (1.6.9), is derived from the ________ religion.

Hindu

If the clothing of the saint was the only light area in The Funeral of St. Bonaventure, the viewer's eye would not be easily drawn to any other areas of the composition.

True

Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen collaborated to create Mistos, a larger-than-life sculpture of this everyday item.

a book of matches

If an artist painted a garden with one red flower in a field of yellow flowers, this would be an example of using color to create contrast. For the viewer, the single red flower would be ________.

a focal point in the artwork

The three kinds of unity are:

compositional, conceptual, gestalt

Disparate visual elements can be linked together with a common idea. This is ________ unity.

conceptual

In The Funeral of St. Bonaventure, the artist used the principle of ________ to create emphasis and focal point.

contrast

Artists can use ________ to organize the elements in a work and draw our attention to areas of emphasis and focal points.

direction dramatic contrasts placement line

The Russian artist Marc Chagall depicted the mythical character Icarus with bright colors on a white background in order to ________.

draw attention to Icarus's fall

Any of the ________ of art can help focus our interest on specific areas of a work of art.

elements

In The Legend of John Brown #9 by Jacob Lawrence, broad emphasis occurs because the twelve figures ________.

evenly balanced

In traditional African art of the Yoruba tribe, human imagery follows the ideal proportions identified by the ancient Egyptians in palm and hand measurements.

false

Photographers cannot be responsible for principles of scale or proportion in their photographs.

false

In his painting The Flagellation, Italian artist Piero della Francesca created unity by concentrating groups of figures in two different areas, ________ and ________.

foreground . . . background

In two-dimensional art, this is the area in which an artist creates their work.

form

Joseph Cornell created boxes that contain compositions of ________ objects.

found

The German word that refers to something in which the whole seems greater than the sum of its parts is ________.

gestalt

This proportional system uses a ratio of 1:1.618.

golden section

Romare Bearden's work The Dove uses an underlying ________ reflecting the city streets to create a sense of order.

grid

The ancient Greeks designed the Parthenon according to the idealized rules of proportion for the human body, creating ________ design.

harmonious

The ancient Greek sculptor who created the bronze known as Poseidon (or Zeus) used this part of the body as a standard unit for proportional measurement in the work.

head

When an artist uses scale to indicate the relative importance of elements in a composition, he or she is employing this kind of scale.

hierarchal scale

This type of scale is common in the relief sculpture of ancient Egypt, where it was used to indicate social importance.

hierarchical

An artist might use a small scale for a portrait of a lover because it implies ________.

intimacy

Variety can ________ a design.

ivigorate

Tibetan Buddhist monks create colored sand images with a radial design. This representation of the universe is called a ________.

mandala

The Swedish-born artist Claes Oldenburg uses this kind of scale in his sculptures to express admiration for the little things in everyday life.

monumental

The kind of scale used for objects that appear larger than they are in real life is called ________ scale.

monumental

In ancient Egypt, this part of the human body was used as a standard of measurement. Six of these equaled a cubit.

palm

The relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up its ________.

proportions

The size relationships between parts of an object, or its ________, affects how a viewer will interpret it.

proportions

________ balance is achieved when all elements in a work of art are equidistant from a central point and repeat in a symmetrical way from side to side and top to bottom.

radical

The design of the Taj Mahal and gardens uses both ________ and ________ symmetry.

radical and bilateral

When Robert Rauschenberg, in his work Monogram, chose to use a variety of non-traditional art materials and techniques instead of those accepted by the art world, he made a conscious effort to ________ the established art world.

rebel against

This aspect of culture is integral to both ancient Greek and Yoruba figural art, despite the differences in how the resulting artworks look.

religion

Rectangles based on the Golden Section can be nested inside each other to create an elegant ________.

spiral

The Flemish artist Jan van Eyck used hierarchical scale to communicate ________ importance in his painting Madonna in a Church.

spiritual

In the painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, by Pieter Bruegel, the artist intended to divert our attention so that we barely notice Icarus plunging to his doom; a fine example of ________.

subordination

The opposite of emphasis is ________.

subordination

This group of artists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences.

surrealist

________ balance is achieved when both sides of a composition look exactly the same.

symmetrical

It does not matter if a sculptor is creating a human statue on a monumental scale, or a figure much smaller than lifesize: if the sculptor applies the ratio of the Golden Section, the sculpture will have naturalistic proportions.

true

What element describes the imposition of order and harmony on a design?

unity

What principle of art did Katsushika Hokusai employ in "The Great Wave off Shore at Kanagawa" in order to bring harmony to what could otherwise be a very chaotic scene?

unity

An artist creates an artwork made up of many different shapes, all in varying shades of blue. This artwork uses the following principles of art:

unity and variety

Compositional unity strikes an interesting balance between the monotony of too much similarity, and the chaos of too much ________ in a work of art.

variety

This is a kind of visual diversity that can bring many different ideas, media, or elements together in one composition.

variety