Asepsis

The nurse is educating a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about ways the virus can be transmitted. Which statements made by the client demonstrates the education provided was effective? Select all that apply. "If someone is exposed to my blood, I may transmit the virus to him or her." "If I sweat at the gym and someone touches me, he or she can contract the virus." "I may transmit the virus to my child during pregnancy and childbirth." "If someone uses the bathroom after I have been on the toilet, he or she can catch the virus." "I may transmit the virus if I share needles with another person."

"If someone is exposed to my blood, I may transmit the virus to him or her." "I may transmit the virus to my child during pregnancy and childbirth." "I may transmit the virus if I share needles with another person." Explanation: The client has demonstrated that an understanding of the transmission of the virus may occur through exposure to blood, during pregnancy and childbirth, and through sharing of needles. Transmission of the virus does not occur through sweat or by exposure on a toilet seat. The virus is fragile and does not live on inanimate objects.

The friend of a long-term care client comes to visit despite having an upper respiratory infection. What health teaching will the nurse share with the visitor? "You should not visit your friend if you have an infection of any kind because your friend may also get sick." "If you wash your hands before coming in contact with your friend you will prevent infection during your visit." "As long as you cough and sneeze into the bend of your elbow you won't spread the infection to your friend." "Please get a mask from the staff upon entry and use a mask along with hand hygiene when visiting to prevent the spread of infection to your friend and others."

"Please get a mask from the staff upon entry and use a mask along with hand hygiene when visiting to prevent the spread of infection to your friend and others."

The nurse reminds the visitor of a client with an antibiotic-resistant infection that gloves are necessary. The visitor states, "I need to directly hold my loved one's hand without a barrier." What essential information does the nurse need to explain to the visitor to prevent transmission of the organism? a. "The glove is an important barrier in preventing the transmission of your loved-one's antibiotic-resistant infection to you or other people you come in contact with." b. "If you do not wear gloves you will also get the infection." c. "Your loved-one understands why you have to wear gloves because he or she has been educated about the infection and barrier precautions." d. "Your loved-one has an antibiotic-resistant infection which means that there are a limited number or no antibiotics available to treat it."

"The glove is an important barrier in preventing the transmission of your loved-one's antibiotic-resistant infection to you or other people you come in contact with."

The nurse is caring for a client who became very ill after ingesting seafood. How will the nurse document this condition? a.contagious disease b.communicable disease c.infectious disease d. noncommunicable disease

A noncommunicable disease is caused by food or environmental toxin. Infectious disease, communicable disease, and contagious disease do not describe food poisoning.

A nurse is implementing the principles of surgical asepsis while inserting a client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which action should the nurse perform? Consider the outer 3-in edge of a sterile field to be contaminated. Open sterile packages so that the first edge of the wrapper is directed toward you. Consider the outside of the sterile package to be partially sterile. Hold sterile objects above waist level to prevent accidental contamination.

A nurse is implementing the principles of surgical asepsis while inserting a client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which action should the nurse perform? You Selected: Hold sterile objects above waist level to prevent accidental contamination.

The nurse is preparing to don sterile gloves for a procedure that requires surgical asepsis. Place the following steps in the order that the nurse should take when donning sterile gloves. Use all options.

Carefully open the inner package taking care not to touch the inner surface of the package or the gloves. With the thumb and forefinger, grasp the folded cuff of the glove, insert fingers while pulling the glove over thee hand. Place the fingers of the gloved hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove and insert the fingers while stretching it over the hand. Adjust gloves on both hands if necessary, touching only sterile areas with other sterile areas.

Which nursing actions will be performed to assist in the prevention of health care-associated infections (HCAIs)? Select all that apply. Educate clients regarding why antibiotics are not used for viral illnesses. Place clients with similar infectious diseases in the same room. Use personal protection equipment only for clients in isolation. Recommend vaccinations to clients. Wash hands between caring for clients.

Correct response: Wash hands between caring for clients. Recommend vaccinations to clients. Educate clients regarding why antibiotics are not used for viral illnesses. Explanation: Washing hands often, recommending vaccinations, using PPE for all clients, and educating clients on why antibiotics are not used for viral infections are appropriate interventions to decrease HCAIs. It is not appropriate to place clients with similar conditions in the same room or use personal protection equipment only for clients in isolation. Personal protection should be used for all clients if there is a danger of pathogenic transmission.

When preparing a sterile field, the nurse notes that the bottle of sterile saline was opened 48 hours ago and is half full. What action does the nurse take to ensure that the saline used is sterile? Use the saline for the procedure and discard the remaining amount because it has been 48 hours since opening. Since the bottle has been open, previously used, and unexpired, "lip" it by pouring a small amount into a waste container or waste cup. Pour the saline into a sterile container on the sterile field by holding it 6 in (15 cm) above the container. Discard the bottle and get a new one because the saline has expired.

Discard the bottle Explanation: Once a bottle of sterile saline is open, the contents must be used within 24 hours of opening. Lipping the opening of the bottle and pouring the saline into a sterile container by holding it 6 in (15 cm) above the container would be appropriate, but contents in the bottle are expired. The nurse should discard the bottle and get a new one.

An experienced nurse is teaching a student nurse about the proper use of hand hygiene. Which guideline should the nurse provide to the student? The use of hand hygiene eliminates the need for gloves. Hand hygiene is needed after contact with objects near the client. Hand lotions should not be used after hand hygiene. The use of gloves eliminates the need for hand hygiene.

Hand hygiene is needed after contact with objects near the client. Explanation: Hand hygiene must be performed when moving from a contaminated body site to a clean body site during client care and after contact with inanimate objects near the client. Using gloves does not eliminate the need for hand hygiene and, in some cases, gloves must still be used after hand hygiene. Lotions may be used to prevent irritation. Reference:

A veteran nurse is working with a new graduate nurse. The graduate nurse states that she was exposed to a client's blood and that she was not wearing any PPE. Which would be considered significant blood exposures by occupational health? Select all that apply. a. HIV b. Hepatitis B c. Tuberculosis d. Hepatitis C

Hepatitis B Hepatitis C HIV Tuberculosis would be a significant respiratory exposure, but it is not transmitted by blood.

Nurses play a key role in reducing both the spread of disease and adverse outcomes for clients. Which statement accurately describes this process? Select all that apply. Nurses limit the spread of microorganisms by directing the chain of infection. Nurses perform surgical asepsis, which is intended to keep objects and areas free from microorganisms. Nurses use Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions as an important part of preventing infection. Nurses practice medical asepsis, which involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and of pathogens and the transfer of these pathogens. Nurses use personal protective equipment (PPE), which is the most effective way to help prevent the spread of organisms. Nurses practice asepsis, which encompasses all activities to prevent infection.

Nurses practice asepsis, which encompasses all activities to prevent infection. Nurses practice medical asepsis, which involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and of pathogens and the transfer of these pathogens. Nurses perform surgical asepsis, which is intended to keep objects and areas free from microorganisms. Nurses use Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions as an important part of preventing infection.

The nurse is caring for a client who has been placed in strict isolation. Which nursing action is appropriate? Allow many family members to visit at once. No special precautions are required. Remove fresh fruit from the room. Deliver flowers and balloons to the room.

Remove fresh fruit from the room. Remove fresh fruit from the room. Explanation: Fresh fruit and flowers can carry pathogens and chemicals to which the client should not be exposed. The number of visitors should be controlled to prevent exposure to multiple infection opportunities.

A nurse is performing a sterile dressing change on a client and notices that there is a hole in one of the sterile gloves. Which would be the appropriate action to take to maintain a sterile field? a. Finish the procedure and perform hand washing immediately afterward. b.Stop the procedure, remove damaged gloves, perform handwashing, and put on new sterile gloves. c.Finish the procedure, remove damaged gloves, and put on new sterile gloves. d..Stop the procedure, remove damaged gloves, and put on new sterile gloves.

Stop the procedure, remove damaged gloves, perform handwashing, and put on new sterile gloves.

The nurse has finished caring for a client on contact precautions. Which nursing action regarding the stethoscope used to auscultate this client's lungs and bowel sounds is appropriate? Disinfect it with alcohol swabs. Sterilize it by placing it in the autoclave. Discard it in the waste can. Do nothing; it can be used again immediately.

The nurse has finished caring for a client on contact precautions. Which nursing action regarding the stethoscope used to auscultate this client's lungs and bowel sounds is appropriate? You Selected: Disinfect it with alcohol swabs. Correct response: Disinfect it with alcohol swabs.

In which situation is an alcohol-based rub an inappropriate option for hand hygiene? When the nurse is caring for a client with an active infection When the nurse anticipates contact with the client's skin When the nurse's hands are visibly soiled When the nurse leaves the room of an immunocompromised client

When the nurse's hands are visibly soiled

The nurse is caring for an older adult with a recurrent wound infection. Which precautions will the nurse begin? airborne none contact droplet

contact Explanation: Wound infectious agents are transmitted through contact; therefore contact precautions are appropriate.

A nurse prefers to use an alcohol-based hand rub when providing care for clients. In which case is this practice contraindicated? a.The nurse performs routine care and is moving to another client. b.The nurse finishes client care and hands are not visibly soiled. c.The nurse finishes cleaning a client's table. d.The nurse is caring for a client with a C. difficile infection.

d.The nurse is caring for a client with a C. difficile infection.

The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for assigned clients. Which client has the highest risk for developing an infection? a. an adolescent who has a right radial fracture b. a middle-aged adult who takes prescribed medication to control blood pressure c. a school-age child who is current with immunizations e. an older adult client with a history of heart failure

e. an older adult client with a history of heart failure

Which nursing action is a component of medical asepsis? insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter drawing blood from a central line handwashing after removing gloves insertion of an intravenous catheter

handwashing after removing gloves Explanation: Medical asepsis (clean technique) involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens. Medical asepsis procedures include performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves. Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) includes practices used to render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms (insertion of urinary catheter, placement of intravenous catheters or drawing blood).

The nurse has worn a gown and gloves while caring for a client in contact isolation. How will the nurse appropriately remove this personal protective equipment (PPE)? remove gloves, wash hands, remove gown remove gloves, remove gown, wash hands remove gown, remove gloves, wash hands remove gown, wash hands, remove gloves

remove gloves, remove gown, wash hands Explanation: The nurse will remove and dispose of the most contaminated items first, then dispose of other items, and then wash hands. Gloves should be first removed, then the gown. Then, hands are washed. The other answers are incorrect.

A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old postoperative client. The client returns to the ICU after surgery intubated and mechanically ventilated with a Salem sump nasogastric tube, a Foley catheter, and a PICC line in place. Based on the nurse's knowledge of the most common hospital-acquired infections, which apparatus is most important to remove first? PICC line urinary catheter Salem sump nasogastric tube endotracheal tube

urinary catheter

Which factor has contributed to resistant microbial strains? a.mutation of common disease-causing viruses b.antibiotic use for bacterial infections c.use of topical antibiotics on skin abrasions d.use of antibiotics in clients with viral infections

use of antibiotics in clients with viral infection