Assessment Chapter 8 & Test Types
What are some characteristics of Rating Scales?
*Rating scales are based on a continuum *3-5 well defined rating scale points *Limit the number of categories * Use the same rating scale for all categories
What are the two ways to score checklists?
*Translate the number in the performance criteria into a percentage (7 checks out of 10=70) *Teacher made standards for rating students Excellent 12-13 Good 9-11 Fair 5-8 Poor 4 or fewer
Matching questions...
*easy scoring *easy to construct *large amount of content *mainly low level thinking
True false questions are
*easy to score *lower level thinking *guessing is a problem
Interpretive exercises....
*higher level thinking *easy to score (they are MC) *hard to construct *very dependent of student's reading level
What influences on learning does objective tests have?
Overemphasis on recall encourages memorization; can encourage thinking skills if properly constructed
What is the student's response to a performance assessment?
Plan, construct and deliver an original response
What is Rubric?
A set of clearly-defined criteria that coan help a student see where he/she is in relation to where he/she wold like to be in terms of mastery
What is the purpose of an essay test?
Assess thinking skills and/or mastery of how a body of knowledge is structured
Short answer/completion/labeling items are...
Easy to construct, guessing reduced, time consuming to score, can't assess complex content
Performance assessments are used heavily in what kind of classrooms?
Special education and early childhood classrooms
Diagnostic assessments
Used prior to instruction in order to identify students' areas of strength and difficulty so that teachers can make informed decisions as they plan instruction or form educational judgements
Short answer/completion/labeling items...
asks the students a question or directs them to complete a task
What are some characteristics of checklists?
*Contain a list of performance criteria *based on a dichotomy *Can be diagnostic, reusable, and used to chart students' progress
Why are performance assessments used in schools?
*Mandated by the state, *required problem-solving, higher-level thinking, and real world skills *allow students more of a variety to show their understanding of the material
What are characteristics of anecdotal records?
*Not a general observation of the students; pre-specified criteria is observed * Most detailed of all the performance assessments * Most time-consuming of all the performance assessments
Multiple choice questions...
*large amount of content *easy to score *mainly lower level *hard to construct
What is an Authentic assessments?
AKA Performance assessments- measures students knowledge and understanding of the process rather than just the product, Students show what can be done in real life
What is an Alternative assessments?
AKA Performance assessments-Used as an alternative to selection or supply tests, Students develop their own choices rather than choosing from choices given
Factors to remember regarding portfolios...
Always date the work, determine the purpose of the portfolio before starting the process, decide the criteria for assessing the portfolio
Which type of rubric works best with ESL students?
Analytical...because the written comments help them become better writers.
What are the 5 types of performance assessments?
Anecdotal records, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, and portfolios
What is the purpose of performance assessment?
Assess ability to translate knowledge and understanding into action
What is the definition (on the PowerPoint) of performance assessments?
Assessments that require students to demonstrate skill and knowledge by producing a formal product or performance, also known as an Authentic assessments and Alternative assessments
What are performance questions?
Dance, lab demonstration, group cooperation
What are descriptive rating scales?
Different descriptions are used to represent different levels of student performance Example: A. Stands straight and faces audience -stands straight and always looks at audience-weaves fidgets-eyes roam from audience to ceiling-constant,distracting movements, no eye contact with the audience
How do you provide a summative score for a portfolio?
If the purpose of the portfolio is to provide descriptive information for parents or future teachers no scoring is necessary. When the purpose is to diagnose, track improvement, assess the success etc. scoring is needed and requires the development of a set of summarizing criteria
What is an Analytic rubric?
Includes a separate description for each performance criterion, and a separate score is awarded for each, then there is a total score.
What is a major advantages to an oral question?
Joins assessment and instruction
What are graphic rating scales?
Lines divided into sections based on a scale; an X is marked based on the student's performance Example: A. Stands straight and faces audience Always---Usually----Seldom----Never
What are examples of Selection items on a test?
Multiple choice, interpretive exercise, matching, true false
What are Numerical rating scales?
Same as the checklist except for the range of scores that is available Example: A. Stands straight and faces audience 1 2 3 4
What is the purpose of an objective test?
Sample knowledge with maximum efficiency and reliability
What are the 4 assessment approaches?
Selection, supply, product, performance
What are some examples of supply assessments?
Short answer/completion/labeling items, essay
Aptitude tests
Standardized tests that attempt to predict students' ability to succeed and how well they will do
What influences on learning do oral questions have?
Stimulates participation in instruction, provides teacher immediate feedback on effectiveness of teaching
Why are rubrics given to students along with an assignment?
To help them understand the levels of achievement and scoring guidelines for their work
Multiple choice items on a test...
presents a problem or question with a set of options
Students can self assess their portfolios...
this gives them practice in critiquing their own work with respect to performance criteria and encourages student reflection and learning.
What is the purpose of an oral question?
Assess knowledge during instruction
What are the major advantages of an essay test?
Can measure complex cognitive outcomes
Rubrics are helpful when giving students...
Feedback on their assignments
What are the three types of rating scales?
Graphic, descriptive, Numerical
Essays are....
Harder to grade, subjective rather than objective, allows students to organize their answers in their own words thoroughly, main idea, opinion, comparison etc, Higher level thinking, limited amount of content can be assessed;
What is a holistic rubric?
Has a single description for every performance level.
What are two types of rubrics?
Holistic and Analytical
What are selection test questions?
Multiple choice, true/false, matching
What is the most straight forward and commonly used approach to summarizing performance scales? (AKA giving a grade)
Numerical Summarization -it assigns a point value to each category in the scale and sums the points across the performance criteria
What is the student's response to an oral question?
Oral answer
What is the student's response to an essay test?
Organize, compose
Example of a checklist...
Physical Expression ___ A. Stands straight and faces audience. ___ B. Changes facial expression with changes in tone of the presentation ___ C. Maintains eye contact with audience
What are the major advantages of performance assessments?
Provides rich evidence of performance skills
What is the student's response to an objective test?
Read, evaluate, select
An Analytic rubric is used for performance tasks in which
There may be one or two acceptable responses and creativity is not an essential feature of the students' responses
Rubrics help graders...
With consistency in their evaluations.
Matching questions are
a column of statements with a column of choices
Interpretive exercise is
a form of multiple choice that contains a chart, passage, poem...that a student must interpret
An Analytic rubric provides specific feedback on his performance with respect to...
each of the individual scoring criteria...that does not happen with holistic rubrics
Characteristics of Holistic Rubrics...
*Overall process or product scored as a whole, without judging the component parts separately *Utilized when errors in some part of the process can be tolerated provided the overall quality is high
What are some benefits of portfolios?
*Shows a students' work over time *Allows teachers and students to evaluate work *encourages students to make connections *Enables parents/guardians to see students' concrete samples of their child's work
What is a portfolio?
An extended performance assessment that includes multiple samples of student products or performances
Name two types of scoring Instruments for performance assessments.
Check lists and Rating scales
What are supply questions?
Completion, labeling, short answer
What are the major advantages of objective tests?
Efficiency- can administer many items per unit of testing time
What influences on learning do performance assessments have?
Emphasizes use of available skill and knowledge in relevant problem contexts
What influences on learning do essay tests have?
Encourages thinking and development of writing skills
What are product questions?
Essay, story, poem, report, portfolio, group project
Essays...
Give the students a topic and asks them to write at least a paragraph to answer.
True false questions...
classifying of statements as true or false; fact or opinion; yes or no
Teachers should use balance the use of assessment approaches
in their classroom
