Assessment FINAL

False

A Bender-Gestalt can tell us about aural and oral perception and integration

+2

A Child Behavior Checklist T-Score of 70 would have a Z (SD) score of +2

a counselor-in-training being observed during an interneship experience is participating in a

performance assessment

true

the confidence interval is the range of scores calculated using the standard error of measurement for the obtained score

competence

the counselor must have the knowledge and understanding to select, administer, score, and interpret the instrument. This addresses the ethical issue of

false

when the most frequently occurring scores in a distribution are less than the mean of the set of scores the distribution is negatively skewed

Each of the evaluative criteria must be clearly defined after the performance assessment

which of the following is NOT one of the components that must underlie authentic performance assessments?

confidentiality can be maintained despite any situation

which of the following is NOT true about confidentiality?

Pearson Product Moment

which of the following is not a type of validity

unstable over time

which of the following is not an essential facet of personality

Assessment is only used during some stages of the counseling process

which of the statements regarding assessment is NOT true?

changes in setting, timing, and response format (all the above)

which type of accommodations in testing might be appropriate for use in schools?

a formative evaluation

would be best for a counselor who wishes to assess a client's progress in order to make any necessary changes

norm reference tests are commonly used to assess intelligence, achievement, perceptual skills, personality, and behavior criterion referenced tests compare a person's score to a predetermined standard or level of performance, common in education

Define and Give examples of norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests

giving patients the right to obtain and examine a copy of their health records and request corrections, allowing patients some ability to control the uses and disclosure of their health information, allowing patients to know how their information might be used and if disclosure have been made, setting limits on the use and release of health records, and providing a complaint process

Describe important provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

advantages: cost savings can be substantial; results are much faster; clients with writing disabilities may find it easier to handle a mouse and keyboard than pen and paper disadvantages: counselor is not much focused on observing the client while he/she is taking the test; varying familiarity with technology, online tests are often not developed with the same attention to technical rigor as the print versions

Describe the advantages and disadvantage inherent in computer-managed, computer-adapted, and computer assisted testing

advantages: ease with which tests in this format can be administered and scored disadvantages: examinees have a 50% chance of getting an item correct and it may be difficult to determine whether examinees are just guessing

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a dichotomous item format

1. educate members about sound ethical behaviors 2. provide a mechanism for accountability 3. serve as a means for improving professional practice

Describe the purposes of ethical standards

rational approach - test developers are theorizing that the items are related to the constructs they are attempting to measure empirical approach - rely on data collection to identify items that relate to the construct they are attempting to measure bootstrap approach - combination of ration and empirical

Describe the three basic categories of approaches to test contrsuction

1. Multiple evaluative criteria must be used 2. Each of the evaluative criteria must be clearly articulated and defined prior to judging the performance 3. Human judgments are necessary to determine the acceptability of performance responses

Describe the three components that must underlie authentic performance assessments

A story completion test presents the client with the start of a story and required the client to finish the story

Name a completion techniques assessment and describe how it is given

False

Group intelligence tests are often used to place individuals in special education or apply for medicaid disability

performance-based assessment involves the evaluation of an examinee's product, action , or behavior

How are multiple-choice assessments different from performance-based assessments?

1. individually administered tests are often used for diagnostic decision making 2. individually administered tests require some interaction between the examiner and examinee 3. individually administered tests allow the examiner to better establish rapport, reduce anxiety, and observe behaviors (all the above)

How do individually administered tests differ from group-administered tests?

rating scales allow clients to state their position on a scale form 1-10. This allows the counselor to use the client's own scoring system to grade and track progress

How might you decide to use a rating scale or a screening instrument - especially in the initial assessment phase of counseling?

the client has difficulty finishing tasks

How would you interpret elevated scores on the hypomania scale of the MMPI?

true

Terra Novas, National assessment of Educational Programs (NAEP) and subject area tests are all examples of achievement tests

competence

The counselor must have the knowledge and understanding to select, administer, score, and interpret the instrument. This addresses the ethical issue of

Army Alpha

The development of the __________ was driven by the need to assign soldiers to appropriate duties in WWI

autism

The following disorder exhibits social withdrawal and language deficits with an onset before 30 months of age

RUST seems to be a sort of code of ethics for those who give assessments. The goal is to promote the accurate, fair, and responsible use of standardized tests by the counseling and education communities.

What do you now understand about RUST

the intake interview should include the following: 1. demographic information 2. referral reasons 3. current situation 4. previous assessments and counseling experiences 5. birth and developmental history 6. Family history 7. medical history 8. education and work background

What is covered in an initial intake interview?

the client is likely to have little trust in most situations

Which of the following would be the most accurate interpretation of a T score = 24 on Trust, a scale in the Measures of Psychosocial Development?

counselors should use an ethical decision-making model when ethical dilemmas arise

Which of these statements most accurately describes the best course of action when following ethical codes?

1. it assumes that respondents will answer honestly 2. it is transparent 3. clinicians can make inaccurate decisions based on untruthful responses (all the above)

Why is the question "I drink a quart of whiskey each day" deemed problematic?

multiple-choice exams increase the standardization of conditions and item selection

Why might multiple-choice exams be preferred over essay exams?

using a combination of these things provides for more accurate results and more information

Why should professional counselors use a combination of behavioral interviews, rating scales, inventories, and direct observations in assessing behavior?

when assessing a young child, it would be best to use the Leiter Scale because the client will most likely not be completely developed verbally yet. Aditionally, the scale would work for a child who has not yet learned how to read

Why would you use a Leiter Scale, often used for individuals who are deaf or autistic when assessing a young child?

difference

diversity simple means

false

conditions exhibited in the definition of serious emotional disturbance do not have to occur to a marked degree because of the seriousness of this disorder under IDEA

true

construct validity assesses whether a test measures what it supposed to measure

true

criterion referenced tests can be used to document student mastery of objectives

50

a Wechsler IQ score of 100 would have a percentile of

a histogram

a bar graph used to portray distribution of test data is called

visual-motor

a bender gestalt test produces which of the scores listed below

content bias

a child in poverty encounters an assessment question about the different parts of a boat but he has never seen or learned about boats. This is an example of

true

a key criterion for A.D.H.D is the presence of externalizing behaviors

false

a key criterion for the diagnosis Learning Disability is behavioral and/or emotional difficulties that interfere with academic progress

false

a normal curve that is skewed to the left is skewed in the positive direction

a formal summary and discussion of assessment results

a psychological report is

True

a reliability measure of .79 is stronger than one of .49

fidelity

establishing an accepting relationship in which the client can trust the counselor is a component of

true

baselines are used to establish the frequency, duration, or latency of a behavior before an intervention is determined

performance assessment

building an engine is an example of

laws regulate who can perform what type of counseling, in which settings, and with which clients. Codes of ethics proposed guidelines for standards of professional behavior, and it is essential for professional counselors to be familiar with and follow these standards in order to provide high-quality professional counseling services

define the roles of laws and the code of ethics in regard to assessment

false

differential ability scales are designed to assess neurological disorders such as parkinson's or alzheimers

labile (internalized and externalized) emotions presumed

factors common within the definitions of learning disability include all except

true

gardner would say that any set of adult competencies that is valued in a culture merits consideration as a potential intelligence

offers an objective standard

good assessment

Adaptive tests

have made administration and scoring of testing programs more efficient

false

high-stakes testing is a term commonly used to describe suicide assessment

interview and in-take processes allow the counselor or observer to observe and identify superficial functionings of personality. Many of the inventories used in personality assessment work well in an interview setting

how is interviewing used in personality assessment?

the client has little depression

how would yo interpret lower scores on the depression scale of the MMPI?

be cited or sanctioned

if a licensed professional counselor violates a state regulation, he/she will

performance assessment

if a professor wanted to see a more real=life, comprehensive understanding of a topic, she would give her students a

true

if asked "which of the following describes you best?" and answers to choose from are "I am a good listener" or "I am expressive and creative" you are doing an assessment which uses ipsative scoring

true

if one uses the discrepancy model in diagnosis, the focus is on examining the differences between IQ and achievement. This model has historically been used in diagnosis of learning disabilities

monitor the situation so the child does not internalize the parents' reaction

if parents have a negative reaction to their child's assessment results indication their child has a disability, the counselor should

higher

in general an individual trying to "look good" will have a ________ score on the Lie scale

true

in looking at reliability, the correlation coefficient provides a numerical indicator of relationship

a student's performance is compared to the performance of other students

in norm referenced evaluation

true

in the definition of deafness under IDEA, the impairment is in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification

a bank teller-in-training

in which profession would it be least appropriate to evaluate an intern by using a portfolio

worldview

includes beliefs, values, perspectives, and perceptions

justice

involves treating each client according to what is best for the client

confidentiality

is NOT one of Kitchener's moral principles

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

is an example of a personality assessment

Charles Darwin

is credited with spurring the experimental interest in individual differences that characterized the second movement in the history of assessment

an English-language learner

is most likely to face a disadvantage when taking a verbal test

perception

is not an important part of establishing confidentiality

Wilhelm Wundt is famously credited with

opening the world's first experimental psychology laboratory

alternate forms

A researcher gives two equivalent forms of the same test in order to determine a coefficient of equivalence. The researcher is using which type of reliability

Infrequency

The scale on the MMPI which concerns whether the individual is faking is the

Most tests lack appropriate reliability and validity data

Which of the following was NOT a criticism of tests during the Era of Discontent?

developmental

communication, cognitive skills, physical development, emotional development are all in what domain?

Criterion-referenced Tests

compare a person's scores to a predetermined standard of performance

true

scoring of Wechsler subscales is somewhat complex because different points are awarded depenmding on the quality of the response

true

spearman says intelligence is a component of not only general ability but also specific factors which are to some degree correlated with that general intelligence

stability over time

test-retest reliability is a measure of

TOWL-4

the __________ is a test designed to help students who may need specialized help with writing. It has two alternate forms.

projective test

"Say the first thing that comes into your mind when I say the word mother" would be an example of an item from a

computer-based test interpretation

CBTI stands for

structured, unstructured, and semi-structured

Clinical interview may be

a specified level of mastery or achievement

Criterion-referenced tests compare an individuals performance to

nominal

Examinees were asked to mark 1 if hispanic and 3 if asian. What type of scale of measure is being illustrated here?

Wechsler

Give an example of how at least one criticism of assessment has led to improvement of assessment

94 142

IDEA, the Individuals with Disability Act of 101476 is the updated common name for the original Public Law

Wechsler

If assessing intellectual functioning, I would expect to see which of the following assessment scores given?

fairness to examinees is a paramount consideration in test selection. Care should be taken to select tests with language or content not considered offensive to clients from diverse racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or other groups. Test administrators should not require reading performance above what a test requires.

In testing clients who are culturally and/or ethnically different from the cultural or ethnic background of the test administrator, what issues are important for the examiner to remember?

preserve the integrity of assessments

It is a duty for professional counselors to

true

Like K-R 20, Coefficient Alpha checks for internal consistency of an instrument

Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement

Of the following, the best instrument to understand a student's potential eligibility for services to accommodate for learning problems would be to administer the

allow less opportunity for clients to fake responses

Projective tests are advantageous because they

1. Taylor-Johnson - this will allow each partner to learn what strengths and weaknesses are present in the other 2. Genogram - showing a clear family history will shed light on how each partner became who they are 3. Timeline - highlights and lowlights are important in the development of relationships and can open doors into why each partners behaves the way they do.

Select 3 specific assessments used in marriage/family/couple counseling that you can see yourself using.

computer-adapted

The GRE is available in a _________ format

giving patients the right to corrections to be made to their records

The HIPAA privacy rule has provisions including

true

The Otis-Lennon School Ability Test is frequently administered to students as a cognitive screening measure and has been used as a screening measure for identifying gifted students

1. political affiliations or beliefs of the student or parent 2. mental and psychological problems of the student or family 3. sex behavior or attitudes 4. illegal, antisocial, self-incriminating, or demeaning behavior 5. critical appraisals of other individuals with whom respondents have close family relationships 6. legally recognized privileged or analogous relationships, such as those or lawyers, physicians, and ministers 7. religious practices, affiliations, beliefs of the student or the student's parents 8. income other than such information required to determine eligibility/participation in a program

The Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment of 1978 (PPRA) requires surveys given to minor children are made available to the parents if the include any information from eight areas. List these eight areas of information

-2

The subtest score of 4 on a Wechsler correlates to what standard deviation?

1. how to administer and score the test 2. as much as possible about the construct or content under study 3. the test's psychometrics (all the above)

What do professional counselors need to know in order to administer a test?

Examiner bias refers to the preconceptions that the examiner has a result of past experiences, theoretical orientation, his/her worldview, ethnicity, culture, social influence, etc. The impact of examiner bias might give results that do not reflect the true capabilities or situations that the client actually has or faces. This inaccurate information might lead to the wrong kind of diagnosis or treatment and cause more harm than good.

What is examiner bias and what might be its impact?

personality assessment using projective techniques is based on the projective hypothesis, the assumption that essential information about a client's personality characteristics, needs, conflicts, and motivations will be transferred onto ambiguous stimuli. Projective personality assessment is based on the psychoanalytic notion of the unconscious, that portion of one's personality that is beyond awareness and control.

What is meant by a projective technique in personality assessment?

self-monitoring is a method by which clients can observe and record their own behavior. Self-monitoring is an effective way to monitor infrequent behaviors (such as binge-eating or self-injury). Training a client to effectively monitor behavior is critical because the client needs to identify a target behavior precisely and record it appropriately. Second, to increase accuracy, it is effective for a counselor to monitor a client's behavior simultaneously and subsequently compare data with the client's self-monitoring

What is the importance of client self-observations to the counselor?

To collect relevant information about a client's history and background in order to quickly ascertain the effects past events may have on the client's current situation. The major advantage is that it can be completed by a client prior to the first sessions.

What is the purpose of the intake/initial interview? What is the major advantage of structures interview at intake?

Directed at identifying differences between and among individuals so that identification and diagnostic practices as well as intrapersonal strengths and weaknesses could be translated into remedial

What was the main purpose behind developing assessments throughout the 20th century?

Piers-Harris

Which of the following assessments is widely used to measure self-perceptions in children, and is said to be cost-effective, easy to use, and yields reliable and valid scores in the measurement of children's self-concept

a counselor examines how Joey's classroom environment could be altered to better accommodate his needs

Which of the following examples is illustrative of environmental assessment

The creators focused item development on assessing sensory processes

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the 1905 Stanford-Binet Scale?

observational techniques

Workers in the helping professions use _______ to assess client behavior in play therapy, sociodrama, psychodrama, simulated experiences, role playing, test performance, discussion groups, conferences, and interviews

intelligence

_______ tests measure a person's ability to learn, solve problems, and understand increasingly complex or abstract information

true

a sociogram enables one to assess group dynamics and social networks

false

a standard score of 85 is equivalent to a standard deviation of -2

false

a standard test score of 145 is 3 standard deviations below the mean

true

a t-score of 70 would be a good thing is one is assessing self-esteem

standard deviation

a unit representing the typical amount that a score may vary from the mean in a set of data is called

false

according to RUST, use of obsolete assessments is certainly allowable if the budget is not large enough to accommodate buying the newer assessments

they are step-parents

according to our textbook, under the law, parents have rights to their children's educational records except when

walking

adaptive behavior self-care skills include all except

Standardized Tests

allow for comparability of scores and interpretations across different examiners

formative evaluation

allows for midcourse modifications to ensure that objectives are met

1. outlines the goals for the child 2. outlines the goals for the services that will be provided 3. should not be based on one assessment (all the above)

an Individual Education Plan (IEP)

false

an intelligence assessment that includes a measure of full scale intelligence and index scores on verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning and working memory is a Peabody Assessment

projective techniques

are based on psychodynamic principles and normally present the client with unstructured stimuli

Nondiscriminatory

assessment that is fair to persons from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds is called

self-observations

autobiographies, diaries, and journals are examples of

true

checklists often consist of statements about observed behaviors

inaccurate labels can have lasting detrimental consequences and labels can be used as an excuse (both of the above)

labeling can be problematic because

intelligence tests

measure cognitive strengths and deficits

Criterion-referenced tests

measure specific objectives and skills. They focus on mastery of a given objective skill

equivalent forms reliability

measuring the consistency of 2 like forms with items matched for difficulty level is called

an objective and standardized measure of a sample behavior

psychological tests are

is helpful in keeping test developers and test users focused on best practices

public concern about test use

The Rorschach Inkblot test

purports to measure unconscious thoughts and feelings

an anthropological construct based on the classification of physiological characteristics

race can best be defined as

clinical assessment

refers to the identification of mental disorders and related syndromes

Clinical assessment

refers tot he identification of mental disorders and related syndromes

true

reliability, norms, validity, and standard error of measurement are considered psychometric factors

true

the mental measurements yearbook provides descriptive information about a test, including publisher and population for whom the test is appropriate

true

the steady rise of intelligence tests scores in recent years is called the Flynn effect

false

there are 3 forms of Wechsler's and the one for pre-school children is the WAIS

false

there are 3 forms of Wechsler's and the one for pre-school children is the WISC-IV

Projective assessment

was NOT a contributing factor in the vocational guidance movement

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

was created to safeguard school recods for assessments around specific topics

Jesuits

were the first to use written examinations at the university level

The Thematic Apperception Test is a construction technique. The client is given a picture or other visual stimulus and is required to construct a story about the picture. The stimulus pictures vary in terms of scenery, people, and social situations

what KIND of assessment is the TAT?

when the observer may unintentionally change the operational definition or criterion of a behavior due to habituation

what is "observer drift" referring to in behavioral direct assessments?

self monitoring

what is a widely used technique in behavioral assessment as client homework that can be used as a therapeutic technique or simply as a data collection device to assess behaviors?

Leiter

what nonverbal test would be appropriate to test the intelligence of a 7 year old who has both hearing and language difficulties?

1. document this unusual circumstance 2. consider this unusual circumstance when interpreting test scores (both the above)

what should a professional counselor do if a loud ambulance drives by the office while he/she is administering a test to a student?

structured

what type of interview calls for the interviewer to ask each interviewee the exact same questions in the exact same manner?

true

when a score of 100 is achieved as a standard score, it represents the norm, not a perfect score

false

when administering a test, coaching is not only allowed, it is encouraged