ATI TEAS 7 A&P and Biology PRACTICE QUESTIONS

In two to three sentences, describe the part of the arm that is most distal to the shoulder of the human body.

Distal refers to "farthest away". The thumb is the farthest away from the shoulder of the body.

What is the correct sequence in which inhaled air passes through the respiratory tract?

Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles

Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs? A. Alveoli B. Heart C. Trachea D. Diaphragm

D. Diaphragm

Which of the following is NOT a secondary function of the respiratory system? A. pH regulation of the blood B. Thermoregulation C. Speech production D. Heart rate regulation

D. Heart rate regulation

Which of the following describes the volume of air associated with a normal breath? A. Inspiratory reserve volume B. Residual volume C. Total lung capacity D. Tidal volume

D. Tidal volume

Which of the following separates one sarcomere from another? A. A line B. D band C. O line D. Z line

D. Z line

Which muscle is the rectus fomoris? A. calf muscle B. knee muscle C. posterior calf muscle D. anterior thigh muscle

D. anterior thigh muscle

Which of the following best describes the purpose of hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system? A. it forms the matrix of a bone B. it develops into osteocytes C. it strengthens the entire skeletal system D. it reduces friction at joints

D. it reduces friction at joints

How many classes of macromolecules are there? A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6

A. 4 Carbohydrates, proteins, lipid, and nucleic acid

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body? A. Connective tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Epithelial tissue D. Nerve tissue

A. Connective tissue

Which of the following muscles are located at the shoulder? A. Deltoids B. Pectorals C. Trapezius D. Abdominals

A. Deltoids

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities? A. Epithelial tissue B. Nerve tissue C. Muscle tissue D. Connective tissue

A. Epithelial tissue

Which of the following correctly describes the makeup of the lungs? A. Right lung, three lobes; left lung two lobes B. Right lung, two lobes; left lung two lobes C. Right lung, two lobes; left lung three lobes D. A. Right lung, three lobes; left lung three lobes

A. Right lung, three lobes; left lung two lobes

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into left and right? A. Sagittal B. Coronal C. Horizontal D. Transverse

A. Sagittal

Voluntarily holding your breath will eventually result in: A. an innate reflex to start breathing due to increased carbon dioxide levels. B. temporary unconsciousness and risk of stroke. C. an innate reflex to start breathing due to low oxygen levels. D. brain damage or death to due to lack of oxygen

A. an innate reflex to start breathing due to increased carbon dioxide levels.

Which two terms are likely to appear in the same discussion related to a part of the body? A. Dorsal and lumbar B. Umbilical and crural C. Dorsal and orbital D. Lumbar and patellar

A. dorsal and lumbar

Form-Dehydration (condensation) synthesis is the chemical reaction that: A. forms large molecules by removing water B. removes water to form monomers C. breaks down large molecules by removing water D. releases energy

A. forms large molecules by removing water

In the respiratory system, the majority of gas exchange takes place ___________________. A. in the alveoli B. in the trachea C. in the bronchioles D. in the bronchi

A. in the alveoli

The ______________ is a double layered membrane that lines the lungs. A. pleura B. alveolus C. pericardium D. pleural cavity

A. pleura

Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen? A. red blood cells B. plasma C. dissolved gases D. leukocytes

A. red blood cells

Dehydration synthesis (aka condensation reaction) is the chemical reaction that: Select all that apply. A. requires energy (endergonic) B. releases energy (exergonic) C. removes water to form polymers D. breaks down large molecules by removing water

A. requires energy (endergonic) C. removes water to form polymers

Which of the following are considsered short bones? A. skull B. radius and ulna C. carpals and tarsals D. humerus and scapula

C. carpals and tarsals

What are the forms of lipids?

fats, oils, waxes, steroids, phospholipids

Which of the following represents the depolarization of the atria? A. QRS interval B. T wave C. U wave D. P wave

D. P wave

Which of the following chambers pumps blood towards the lungs? A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. right ventricle

D. Right ventricle

A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin. Which of the following describes the immune response that would occur next? A. Cytotoxic T cells form B. Histamines are released. C. Antigens are released D. Helper T cells are activated

B. Histamines are released.

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

flexes the neck and extends the head

Which of the following enzymes begins the digestions of polysaccharides into simpler sugars? A. Lipase B. Amylase C. Pepsin D. Cholinesterase

B. Amylase

Which of the following are the thick filaments in a muscle cell? A. Actin B. Myosin C. Myofibrils D. Sarcomere

B. Myosin

Which of the following types of cells produce antibodies? Select all that apply. A. T cells B. Plasma cells C. memory cells D. B cells

B. Plasma cells D. B cells

Which terms add clarity to anatomical position relative to the coronal plane? A. superior and inferior B. distal and proximal C. anterior and posterior D. lateral and medial

C - anterior and posterior

How many types of amino acids are used to synthesize protein? A. 19 B. 9 C. 20 D. 10

C. 20 Just 20 amino acids make up the proteins found in the human body, and there are 9 essential amino acids you need that you can only get through diet

Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli would be enhanced by ______________, but impeded by __________________. A. decreased membrane thickness; increased alveolar surface area B. decreased respiratory rate; increased tidal volume C. increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness D. increased tidal volume; decreased membrane thickness

C. increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness

Which of the following best describes the function of a nerve synapse? A. It carries a nerve impulse away from the nerve body. B. it is responsible for involuntary muscle movements. C. it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and other neurons or between neurons and muscles D. It contains a bundle of fibers that transmit electrical impulses

C. it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and other neurons or between neurons and muscles

Which layer of skin (3) forms a protective, waterproof barrier?

Epidermis

What is the monomer of a lipid?

Lipids do not have a monomer because they're not really polymers, but they ARE composed of multiple smaller components

In three to five sentences, describe how the production of male and female gametes differs.

Male gametes (sperm) are produced by the testes, whereas female gametes, or eggs, are produced by the ovaries. Sperm are constantly produced, but eggs are developed and matured cyclically. Eggs are typically released one at a time, but many sperm can be released at once during ejaculation.

Which of the following terms correctly describes the movement of air in and out of the lungs?

Ventilation is the physical movement of air in and out of the lungs. "Respiration" is the use of oxygen by a cell or organism to make energy.

Which vitamin is absorbed in the large intestine?

Vitamin K

What are the monomers of proteins?

amino acids (20 different types)

In hydrolysis, you add water to

break down large molecules

What does the QRS complex represent?

depolarization of the ventricles

Which of the following layers of the skin contains hair follicles?

dermis

______________ is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar membrane.

diffusion

What will happen in the blood if the tidal volume increases?

increasing the tidal volume will increase the diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the blood stream. Oxygen will increase in the bloodstream. Changing the tidal volume will not have a direct effect on the heart rate or surfactant

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

lysosomes

The fundus refers to which of the following? A. most superior region of the stomach B. the region where the trachea forks into primary bronchi C. The thin stalk connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland D. The outer bone of the lower leg

most superior region of the stomach

In which of the organs does the breakdown of proteins begin?

mouth

What substance is produced by the lung for the purpose of reducing surface tension?

surfactant

Where do T cells mature?

thymus gland

Which of the following is not a function of pulmonary surfactant? A. Increase in lung compliance B. Reduction of surface tension C. Decrease in lung compliance D. Prevention of lung collapse

C. Decrease in lung compliance

Because muscle cells require large amounts of energy to function correctly, which organelles would be abundant in those types of cells?

B. mitochondria

Which of the following helps to prevent pathogens from invading the body? A. histamines B. mucus C. T cells D. Macrophages

B. mucus

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange? A. Organelle B. Organ System C. Organ D. Tissue

B. organ system

Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes? A. secretion of minerals and alcohol B. production of melanin C. absorption of vitamin D D. sensing the environment

B. production of melanin

Which of the following is a function of the parathyroid gland? A. release growth hormone B. release parathyroid hormone which raises blood calcium C. release parathyroid hormone which inhibits or lowers blood calcium D. release luteinizing hormone

B. release parathyroid hormone which raises blood calcium

The human body can be divided into how many primary body planes? A. Two B. three C. Four D. Five

B. three (sagittal, coronal, transverse)

Which of the following is happening during a contraction of the diaphragm? A. An increase in alveolar pressure B. Forced expiration C. A decrease in alveolar pressure D. A decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity

C. A decrease in alveolar pressure When the diaphragm is contracting (inspiration), it is moving downward and allowing the lungs to inflate. During inhalation, alveolar volume is increased thus alveolar pressure is decreased. pressure is decreased so that air flows into the lungs.

Which of the following conditions would exhibit an increase in lung compliance? A. Emphysema B. Bronchitis C. Lung cancer D. Asthma

A. Emphysema Lung compliance is the property of the lung that allows it to stretch and recoil. Both appropriate stretch and recoil are necessary for proper lung function, thus compliance that is too high or too low can negatively affect function. Emphysema increases lung compliance due to the damaged lung tissue. In this condition, the lung will be able to inflate, but the recoil is delayed, thus exhalation is impaired.

Which hormones does the kidney secrete? Select all that apply. A. erythropoietin B. Aldosterone C. Calcitriol D. Renin E. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A. Erythropoietin, C. Calcitriol, & D. Renin

Which of the following is a heterotrophic organism with a genome stored in DNA? A. Human B. Plants C. Virus D. Algae

A. Human

Which of the following is produced in the mucosal lining to aid in immune defense? A. Immunoglobulin A B. Killer T cells C. immature B celles D. Eosinophils

A. Immunoglobulin A T cells, B cells, and eosinophils are derived from stem cells (multipotent hematopoetic stem cells) and are produced in the bone marrow. However, T cells complete their development in the thymus

Which of the following organelles plays a vital role in the breaking down of macromolecules? A. Lysosomes B. Golgi Apparatus C. Ribosomes D. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A. Lysosomes

Which of the following waste products from digestion does the kidney remove? A. Nitrogen B. Sodium chloride C. protein D. carbon

A. Nitrogen

HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found? A. Nucleus B. Peroxisomes C. Lysosomes D. Ribosomes

A. Nucleus

Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen? A. Red blood cells B. Plasma C. Dissolved gases D. Leukocytes

A. Red Blood cells

Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts? A. Ribosomes B. Lysosomes C. Mitochondria D. Nucleus

A. Ribosomes

Which of the following describes cellular respiration? A. It is an oxidative anabolic activity B. It is an oxidative catabolic activity C. It is a reductive anabolic activity D. It is a reductive catabolic activity

B. It is an oxidative catabolic activity An anabolic reaction is a reaction that uses energy to build molecules the organism needs. A catabolic reaction breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules to create energy for the organism to use. Oxidation is when an element loses one or more electrons to oxygen. Reduction is when an element gains one or more electrons.

Which of the following describes the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? A. Facilitates movement of substance in and out of the cell B. Synthesis and transport of proteins C. Conversion of nutrients to ATP D. Intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria

B. Synthesis and transport of proteins

Which of the statements below is/are accurate? Select all that apply. A. The axillary region is superior to the cephalic region. B. The oral, nasal, buccal and ocular regions are all anterior to the occipital region. C. Digital or phalangeal structures may be pedal or manual D. The axillary, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, popliteal and sural subregions are all associated with the upper limbs

B. The oral, nasal, buccal and ocular regions are all anterior to the occipital region. C. Digital or phalangeal structures may be pedal or manual

In the human body, which of the following body parts are in a superior position to the lungs? A. Stomach B. Trachea C. Spleen D. Heart E. Brain

B. Trachea E. Brain

Which of the following lists the respiratory passageways in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter? A. Bronchi, trachea, bronchioles B. Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles C. Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea D. Trachea, bronchioles, bronchi

B. Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Which of the following parts of the male urinary system also transports sperm? A. Ureter B. Urethra C. Uterus D. Urinary bladder

B. Urethra

A lung with a low level of compliance could be best described as _____________. A. a lung with normal function. B. a stiff lung requiring extra work to accomplish normal breathing. C. a highly elastic lung allowing breathing occur with reduced work. D. A lung with a high elasticity but with damaged alveoli.

B. a stiff lung requiring extra work to accomplish normal breathing

Which of the following glands releases epinephrine during stress? Select the most correct answer. A. adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland B. adrenal medulla of the adrenal gland C. Anterior pituitary gland D. Hypothalamus

B. adrenal medulla of the adrenal gland

Which of the following best describes the outcome if the kidneys stopped functioning? A. blood would increase its carbon dioxide concentration B. blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis C. the kidneys would fill with urine D. the frequency in which a human excretes urine would increase

B. blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis

Which of the following best describes the kind of message sent in the endocrine system? A. Electrical signals between axons B. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream C. Physical sensory signals received through the integumentary system D. Audiovisual signals processed through the brain

B. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream

Which of the following result from the production of luteinizing hormone in males? (select all that apply) A. heart growth B. facial hair growth C. testosterone production D. sperm production

B. facial hair growth C. testosterone production D. sperm production

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function? A. Integumentary / obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy, and normal body processes B. Cardiovascular / providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens C. Endocrine / regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling D. Gastrointestinal / transport substances to all tissues of the body

C. Endocrine / regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? A. Midbrain B. Pons C. Hypothalamus D. medulla oblongata

C. Hypothalamus

Which of the following describes the role of the central nervous system? A. it transmits electrical signals to muscles B. it connects the brain to the rest of the body C. It controls the regulation of body systems D. it sends messages from the body to the spinal cord

C. It controls the regulation of body systems The central nervous system is the central command for all communication and actions of the body.

Which of the following statements best descibes the primary function of the respiratory system? A. It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to cells all over the body B. It involves the inhalation and exhalation of gases into the environment C. It exchanges gases between the blood and the air in the environment D. It maintains proper blood level pH

C. It exchanges gases between the blood and the air in the environment

Which of the following does not correctly describe a cell membrane? A. The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. B. It is composed primarily of proteins and lipids. C. It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. D. Fat soluble substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol can easily pass through the membrane.

C. It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins.

Which of the following terms is alternatively called the "voice box"? A. Pharynx B. Uvula C. Larynx D. Trachea

C. Larynx

Which of the following are functions of estrogen? Select all that apply. A. implantation B. fertilization C. Maturation of eggs D. thickening of the endometrium E. development of female secondary sexual characteristics

C. Maturation of eggs D. thickening of the endometrium E. development of female secondary sexual characteristics

Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex? A. Mitochondria, nerve tissues, neurons, brain B. Brain, neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues C. Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain D. Neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues, brain

C. Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain

Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart? A. Blood cells B. Muscle tissue split into two chambers C. Muscle tissue split into four chambers D. Four ventricles

C. Muscle tissue split into four chambers

Which of the following structures is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

C. Nephron

What are the monomers for nucleic acids? A. DNA B. RNA C. nucleotides E. amino acids

C. Nucleotides DNA & RNA are types of nucleic acids

Which of the following best explains the cause of osteoporosis?\ A. pathogens eat away at bone tissue B. ligaments degrade, causing joints to malfunction C. Osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals D. Osteoclasts break down bone slower than osteoblasts build up bone

C. Osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals more bone is being broken down than is being built up, causing bones to weaken and become brittle.

Which of the following phases is NOT part of the ovarian cycle? A. Follicular phase B. Ovulation C. Proliferative phase D. Luteal phase

C. Proliferative phase

Which of the following best describes the mechanical process of normal breathing during expiration? A. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upward. B. The diaphragm contracts and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and contract upward. C. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward. D. The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.

C. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.

Which of the following steps of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus? A. Elongation B. Replication C. Transcription to mRNA D. Translation to amino acid

C. Transcription to mRNA

Which of the following is not located on the anterior region of the human body? A. Clavicle B. Mandible C. Vertebral column D. patella

C. Vertebral column

Pectoralis major describes what part of the body? A. posterior back region B. anterior ab area C. anterior chest muscle D. forearms

C. anterior chest muscle

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? A. Golgi B. ribosomes C. lysosomes D. mitochondria

C. lysosomes

Which of the following types of nerves sends messages to the brain? A. Skeletal B. Smooth C. Sensory D. Motor

C. sensory

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a vaccine? A. to produce extra inflammatory responses such as the release of histamines B. to practice passive immunity C. to produce antibodies in case of future infection D. To increase macrophage production

C. to produce antibodies in case of future infection

Which of the following anatomical structures prevents food from entering the respiratory system?

The epiglottis is a cartilage flap located at the top of the larynx that is responsible for closing during swallowing. This flap covers the opening to the trachea so that food does not enter the lower respiratory airways.

What structure secretes releasing hormones?

hypothalamus