ATP- The Free Energy Carrier
What part(s) of the ATP cycle are analogous to spending money?
muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, etc.
Why would taking DNP be dangerous?
A very low production of ATP can be lethal
Write a reaction for the process that is the reverse of Model 1.
ADP+Pi----->ATP+H20
Which molecule, ATP or ADP, has a higher potential energy?
ATP has a higher potential energy because energy is released when ADP is formed
Write the reaction os an equation, using the name or abbreviation of each of the two reactants and each of the three products.
ATP+H20------> ADP+Pi+Energy
After it is used, an ADP molecule is recycled back into ATP. What cellular, exergonic processes supply the energy needed for the phosphorylation of ADP?
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
What would be analogous to saving money in the context of ATP?
Eating and storing energy coming from carbohydrates
Name at least two other cellular processes that could be fueled by the hydrolysis of ATP that are not listed in Model 3.
Endocytosis and exocytosis
According to Model 3, what does that energy get used for?
Energy gets used for muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and cell division
If ADP were to be hydrolyzed in a similar manner to ATP, would you expect the reaction to be endergonic and exergonic?
Exergonic because it is releasing energy rather than absorbing
Is the process endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic
The word hydrolysis has two roots, hydro and lysis. Describe how the term relates to the chemical reaction illustrated in Model 2.
Hydro means water and lysis means split. In this reaction, water is used to break or split a bond in the ATP molecule
Does the hydrolysis of ATP result in a net output, or a net input of energy?
It results in a net output of energy.
What part(s) of the ATP cycle are analogous to earning money?
Respiration and photosynthesis
What is meant by the "tri-" in the name adenosine triphosphate?
The "tri-" in the name adenosine triphosphate stands for the 3 phosphate groups
This reaction is called phosphorylation. Explain why this name is appropriate for the reaction above.
The name is appropriate because a phosphate molecule is added to the reactants
Would you expect this reaction to be endergonic or exergonic?
The reaction is endergonic because the energy released when ATP turned into ADP must be replaced
What happens to the atoms from the water molecule during the hydrolysis of ATP?
The water molecule breaks and the OH group attaches to the phosphate that has been removed
Recall that all bonds require energy to break, but energy is released when bonds are formed. With this in mind, explain why it is incorrect to say that the phosphoester bond in ATP releases a large amount of energy when ATP turns into ADP?
This is incorrect because the energy is released when water molecules are added to the ends of ADP and phosphate pieces
Why would DNP make someone lose weight?
Uncoupling electrons in the electron transport chain would decrease the production of ATP. This means that more sugar needs to be metabolized for energy needs. This can cause a person to lose weight.