AUT 116 - Chapter 57 - Driver Information and Navigation Systems
stepper motor
A ______________________ is a type of electric motor that is designed to rotate in small steps based on the signal from a computer.
backup camera; reversing cameras; rearview cameras
A _________________________ is used to display the area at the rear of the vehicle in a screen display on the dash when the gear selector is placed in reverse. Backup cameras are also called ___________________________ or __________________________.
cathode ray tube (CRT)
A _________________________________ dash display, which is similar to a television tube or LCD display, permits the display of hundreds of controls and diagnostic messages in one convenient location.
Low fuel warning.
A low fuel indicator light is used to warn the driver that the fuel level is low. In most vehicles, the light comes on when there is between 1 and 3 gallons (3.8 and 11 liters) of fuel remaining.
Windshield washer fluid low.
A sensor in the windshield washer fluid reservoir is used to turn on the low washer fluid warning lamp.
Low tire pressure warning.
A tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) warns if the inflation pressure of a tire has decreased by 25% (about 8 PSI). If the warning lamp or message of a low tire is displayed, check the tire pressures before driving. If the inflation pressure is low, repair or replace the tire.
light-emitting diode (LED)
All diodes emit some form of energy during operation; the _____________________________________ is a semiconductor that is constructed to release energy in the form of light.
Red brake fault warning light.; A brake fluid level sensor located in the master cylinder brake fluid reservoir A pressure switch located in the pressure differential switch, which detects a difference in pressure between the front and rear or diagonal brake systems The parking brake could be applied.
All vehicles are equipped with a red brake warning (RBW) lamp that lights if a fault in the base (hydraulic) brake system is detected. Three types of sensors are used to light this warning light.
pressure differential switch; combination valve
All vehicles sold in the United States after 1967 must be equipped with a dual braking system and a dash-mounted warning lamp to signal the driver of a failure in one part of the hydraulic brake system. The switch that operates the warning lamp is called a ______________________________________. This switch is usually the center portion of a multipurpose brake part called a __________________________.
Remote door unlock.
An OnStar advisor can send a cellular telephone message to the vehicle to unlock the vehicle if needed.
Accident assistance.
An OnStar advisor is able to help with the best way to handle an accident. The advisor can supply a step-by-step checklist of the things that should be done plus call the insurance company, if desired.
Step 1 Turn the ignition key on (engine off). Step 2 Depress the accelerator pedal three times and hold it down on the fourth. Step 3 When the reminder light flashes, release the accelerator pedal. Step 4 Turn the ignition key to the off position. Step 5 Start the engine and the light should be off.
For example, to reset the oil service reminder light on many General Motors vehicles, you have to perform the following:
Location Direction Speed
For the correct functioning of the navigation system, three inputs are needed.
Door open or ajar warning light.
If a door is open or ajar, a warning light is used to notify the driver. Check and close all doors and tailgates before driving.
Electronic stability control.
If a vehicle is equipped with electronic stability control (ESC), also called vehicle stability control (VSC), the dash indicator lamp will flash if the system is trying to restore vehicle stability.
Stolen vehicle location assistance.
If a vehicle is reported stolen, a call center advisor can track the vehicle.
Automatic notification of airbag deployment.
If the airbag is deployed, the advisor is notified immediately and attempts to call the vehicle. If there is no reply, or if the occupants report an emergency, the advisor will contact emergency services and give them the location of the vehicle.
Turn off the air conditioning. Turn on the heater. If the hot light remains on, drive to a safe location and shut off the engine and allow it to cool to help avoid serious engine damage.
If the engine coolant temperature warning lamp comes on while driving, perform the following in an attempt to reduce the temperature.
Emergency services.
If the red button is pushed, OnStar immediately locates the vehicle and contacts the nearest emergency service agency.
Defective PM generator (check the windings with an ohmmeter) Defective (open or shorted) wiring from the PM generator to the computer Defective computer or dash circuit
If the speedometer does not register a speed when the soldering gun is used, the problem could be caused by the following:
Traction off.
If the traction control system (TCS) is turned off by the driver, an indicator lamp lights to help remind the driver that this system has been turned off and will not be able to restore traction when lost. The system reverts to on, when the ignition is turned off, and then back on as the traction off button is depressed.
check engine light
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), also called a __________________________.
electronic instrument panels (IPs)
Many instrument panels are operated by electronic control units that communicate with the engine control computer for engine data such as revolutions per minute (rpm) and engine temperature. These ___________________________________________ use the voltage changes from variable-resistance sensors, such as that of the fuel gauge, to determine fuel level.
Exterior light bulb failure.
Many vehicles use the body control module (BCM) to monitor current flow through all of the exterior lights and therefore can detect if a bulb is not working.
Check the backup camera for damage. Check the screen display for proper operation. Check that the wiring from the rear camera to the body is not cut or damaged
Most of the other diagnosis involves visual inspection, including:
Cruise indicator lamp.
Most vehicles are equipped with a switch that turns on the cruise control. The cruise (speed) control system does not work unless it has been turned on to help prevent accidental engagement. When the cruise control has been turned on, the cruise indicator light is on.
Move vehicle to another location Turn the ignition switch off Disconnect the battery for 30 minutes to clear the GPS receiver's memory Reconnect the battery and follow the screen prompts
Navigation system is unable to acquire a proper GPS signal.
Screen display GPS antenna Navigation control unit, usually with map information on a DVD
Navigation systems include the following components.
Low traction detected.
On a vehicle equipped with a traction control system (TCS), a dash indicator light is flashed whenever the system is working to restore traction. If the low traction warning light is flashing, reduce the rate of acceleration to help the system restore traction of the drive wheels with the road surface.
Cellular telephone Global positioning antenna and computer
OnStar is a system that includes the following functions.
On/off and dimming switch. Up/down switch.
Other parts of the night vision system include:
restaurants, schools, colleges, museums, shopping, and airports, as well as vehicle dealer locations.
Points of interest (POI), including automated teller machines (ATMs), ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Brake light bulb failure.
Some vehicles are able to detect if a brake light is burned out. The warning lamp will warn the driver when a situation like this occurs.
Worn brake pads.
Some vehicles are equipped with sensors built into the disc brake pads that are used to trigger a dash warning light. The warning light often comes on when the ignition is first turned on as a bulb check and then goes out. If the brake pad warning lamp is on, check service information for the exact service procedure to follow.
Lack of cellular telephone service in the area Poor global positioning system (GPS) signals, which can prevent an OnStar advisor from determining the position of the vehicle Transport of the vehicle by truck or ferry so that it is out of contact with the GPS satellite in order for an advisor to properly track the vehicle
The OnStar system can fail to meet the needs of the customer if any of the following conditions occur.
Remote horn and lights.
The OnStar system is tied into the lights and horn circuits so an advisor can activate them if requested to help the owner locate the vehicle in a parking lot or garage.
phosphor
The VTF display generates its bright light in a manner similar to that of a TV screen, where a chemical-coated light-emitting element called a ______________ is hit with high-speed electrons.
airbag warning lamp
The _______________________ comes on and flashes when the ignition is first turned on as part of a self-test of the system. If the airbag warning lamp remains on after the self-test, then the airbag controller has detected a fault. Check service information for the exact procedure to follow if the airbag warning lamp is on.
head-up display (HUD)
The __________________________________ is a supplemental display that projects the vehicle speed and sometimes other data, such as turn signal information, onto the windshield.
safety belt warning lamp
The ___________________________________ will light and sound an alarm to notify the driver if the driver's side or passenger's side safety belt is not fastened. It is also used to indicate a fault in the safety belt circuit. Check service information for the exact procedure to follow if the safety belt warning light remains on even when the belts are fastened.
vacuum tube fluorescent (VTF)
The _____________________________________________ display is a popular automotive and household appliance display because it is very bright and can easily be viewed in strong sunlight.
global positioning system (GPS); U.S. Department of Defense (DOD); U.S. military
The _____________________________________________ uses 24 satellites in orbit around the earth to provide signals for navigation devices. GPS is funded and controlled by the ___________________________________________________. While the system can be used by anyone with a GPS receiver, it was designed for and is operated by the __________________.
lane departure warning system (LDWS)
The ________________________________________________________ uses cameras to detect if the vehicle is crossing over lane marking lines on the pavement.
Antilock brake system (ABS) fault.; Defective wheel speed sensor Low brake fluid level in the hydraulic control unit assembly Electrical fault detected anywhere in the system
The amber antilock brake system warning light comes on if the ABS controller detects a fault in the antilock braking system. Examples of what could trigger the warning light include:
telltale
The dash warning lights are often called ____________ lights as they are used to notify the driver of a situation or fault.
The ignition has to be in the on (run) position. The Twilight Sentinel photo cell must indicate that it is dark. The headlights must be on. The switch for the night vision system must be on and the brightness adjusted so the image is properly displayed.
The first step when diagnosing a fault with the night vision system is to verify the concern. Check the owner manual or service information for proper operation. For example, the Cadillac night vision system requires the following actions to function.
Maintenance required warning.; Oil and oil filter change Tire rotation Inspection
The maintenance required lamp comes on when the ignition is first turned on as a bulb check and if the vehicle requires service. The service required could include:
Direction of travel.
The navigation system can also help the climate control system determine the direction of travel.
Up/down switch.
The night vision HUD system has an electric tilt adjust motor that allows the driver to adjust the image up or down on the windshield within a certain image.
Smaller diameter tires.
The speed showing on the speedometer is faster than the actual speed. The odometer reading will show more miles than actual.
Larger diameter tires.
The speed showing on the speedometer is slower than the actual speed. The odometer reading will show fewer miles than actual.
One amber lamp will light when the vehicle is in reverse and traveling at less than 3 mph (5 km/h) and the sensors detect an object 40 to 60 inch (102 to 152 cm) from the rear bumper. A chime also sounds once when an object is detected, to warn the driver to look at the rear parking assist display. Two amber lamps light when the distance between the rear bumper and an object is between 20 and 40 inch (50 and 100 cm) and the chime will sound again. Two amber lamps and the red lamp light and the chime sounds continuously when the distance between the rear bumper and the object is between 11 and 20 inch (28 and 50 cm).
The three-light display includes two amber lights and one red light. The following lights are displayed depending on the distance from the rear bumper.
150 milliseconds (27 times per second)
The ultrasonic sensors embedded in the rear bumper "fire" individually every _________________________________________________.
GPS satellite signals.
These signals from at least three satellites are needed to locate the vehicle.
On/off and dimming switch.
This allows the driver to adjust the brightness of the display and to turn it on or off as needed.
Headlights on light.
This dash indicator lights whenever the headlights are on.
Time and date.
This information allows the automatic climate control system to determine where the sun is located.
Vehicle speed sensor.
This sensor input is used by the navigation controller to determine the speed and distance the vehicle travels. This information is compiled and compared to the digital map and GPS satellite inputs to locate the vehicle.
Yaw sensor.
This sensor is often used inside the navigation unit to detect movement of the vehicle during cornering. This sensor is also called a "g" sensor because it measures force; 1 g is the force of gravity.
WOW display
When a vehicle equipped with a digital dash is started, all segments of the electronic display are turned on at full brilliance for 1 or 2 seconds. This is commonly called the ___________________, and is used to show off the brilliance of the display.
Roadside assistance.
When called, an OnStar advisor can locate a towing company or locate a provider who can bring gasoline or change a flat tire.
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
_________________________________________ can be arranged into a variety of forms, letters, numbers, and bar graph displays.
Business addresses and telephone numbers
________________________________________________________________, including hotels and restaurants (If the telephone number is listed in the business telephone book, it can usually be displayed on the navigation screen. If the telephone number of the business is known, the location can be displayed.)
Nissan/Infinity:
lane departure prevention (LDP) system
Ford:
lane departure warning (LDW)
General Motors:
lane departure warning (LDW)
Honda/Acura:
lane keep assist system (LKAS)
Toyota/Lexus:
lane monitoring system (LMS)
rear park assist (RPA); Ultrasonic object sensors built into the rear bumper assembly A display with three lights usually located inside the vehicle above the rear window and visible to the driver in the rearview mirror An electronic control module that uses an input from the transmission range switch and lights the warning lamps needed when the vehicle gear selector is in reverse
Backup sensors are used to warn the driver if there is an object behind the vehicle while backing. The system used in General Motors vehicles is called _____________________________, and includes the following components.
Vehicle diagnosis.; The malfunction indicator light (MIL) (check engine) comes on to warn the driver that a fault has been detected. The driver can depress the OnStar button to talk to an advisor and ask for a diagnosis. The OnStar advisor will send a signal to the vehicle requesting the status from the powertrain control module (PCM), as well as the controller for the antilock brakes and the airbag module. The vehicle then sends any diagnostic trouble codes to the advisor. The advisor can then inform the driver about the importance of the problem and give advice as to how to resolve the problem.
Because the OnStar system is tied to the PCM, an OnStar advisor can help with diagnosis if there is a fault detected. The system works as follows:
Alternator drive belt Loose or corroded electrical connections at the battery Loose or corroded wiring to the alternator Defective alternator
Check the following by visible inspection.
cathode fluorescent lighting (CFL)
Cold ________________________________________________ models are used by many vehicle manufacturers for backlighting.
3 to 5 mA (0.003 to 0.005 A)
Current consumption ranges from ___________________________________ with an average life of 40,000 hours.
nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM); Nonvolatile; electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
Digital odometers use LED, LCD, or VTF displays to indicate miles traveled. Because total miles must be retained when the ignition is turned off or the battery is disconnected, a special electronic chip must be used that will retain the miles traveled. These special chips are called ______________________________________________. ___________________ means that the information stored in the electronic chip is not lost when electrical power is removed. Some vehicles use a chip called ______________________________________________________________________________. Most digital odometers can read up to 999,999.9 miles or kilometers (km), and then the display indicates error. If the chip is damaged or exposed to static electricity, it may fail to operate and "error" may appear.
An 8 volt supply wire from the RPA module, used to power the sensor A reference low or ground wire A signal line, used to send and receive commands to and from the RPA module
Each sensor has the following three wires.
permanent magnet (PM) generators
Electronic dash displays ordinarily use an electric vehicle speed sensor driven by a small gear on the output shaft of the transmission. These speed sensors contain a permanent magnet and generate a voltage in proportion to the vehicle speed. These speed sensors are commonly called ___________________________________________________.
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), also called a check engine or service engine soon (SES) light.; A sensor or actuator is electrically open or shorted. A sensor is out of range for expected values. An emission control system failure occurs, such as a loose gas cap.
This warning lamp comes on when the ignition is first turned on as a bulb test and then only if a fault in the powertrain control module (PCM) has been detected. If the MIL comes on when driving, it is not necessary to stop the vehicle, but the cause for why the warning lamp came on should be determined as soon as possible to avoid harming the engine or engine control systems. The MIL could come on if any of the following has been detected.
Engine coolant temperature.
This warning lamp should come on when the ignition is first turned on as a bulb check and if the coolant temperature reaches 248°F to 258°F (120°C to 126°C), depending on the make and model of the vehicle.
Engine oil pressure.; Pull off the road as soon as possible. Shut off the engine. Check the oil level. Do not drive the vehicle with the engine oil light on or severe engine damage can occur.
This warning lamp should light when the ignition is first turned on as a bulb check; or if the engine oil pressure light comes on when driving, perform the following:
Charging system fault.; Battery state of charge (SOC), electrical connections, or the battery itself Alternator or related wiring
This warning lamp will come on when the ignition is first turned on as a bulb check and if a fault in the charging system has been detected. The lamp could include a fault with any of the following:
Water in diesel fuel warning.; Remove the water using the built-in drain, usually part of the fuel filter. Check service information for the exact procedure to follow.
This warning lamp will light when the ignition is first turned on as a bulb check and if water is detected in the diesel fuel. This lamp is only used or operational in vehicles equipped with a diesel engine. If the water in diesel fuel warning lamp comes on, do the following:
Check if the backup (reverse) lights function when the gear selector is placed in reverse with the key on, engine off (KOEO). Check that the transmission/transaxle is fully engaged in reverse when the selector is placed in reverse.
To check the transmission range switch, perform the following:
Points of interest (POI) Typed in using a keyboard shown on the display
Turn-by-turn directions to addresses that are selected by:
selection availability (S/A)
Until 2000, the nonmilitary use of GPS was purposely degraded by a computer program called ____________________________________ built into the satellite transmission signals.
Audio output/input.
Voice-activated factory units use a built-in microphone at the center top of the windshield and the audio speakers speech output.
