Autonomic Nervous system Vocabulary

Splanchnic Nerve Route

-Pass through chain without synapsing to reach collateral ganglia via splanchnic nerves -Eventually synapse at 2nd set of ---Collateral prevertebral ganglia

Nicotinic Receptors

Acetylcholine receptors that respond to the compound Nicotine.

Adrenal (suprarenal) Glands

Located atop of each kidney, is split into two different glands and functions

Adrenal Cortex

Part of the adrenal gland that produces three mayor groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.

Visceral reflexes

Unconcious, automatic, stereotyped responses to stimulation

Sympathetic division

a branch of the autonomic nervous system and prepares the body for quick action in emergencies; fight or flight; busiest when frightened, angry, or aroused; increases heart rate, increases breathing rate, enlarges pupils, stops digestion; connects to all internal organs; sudden reaction

Carotid Plexus

a plexus of nerves surrounding the internal carotid artery

Visceral Motor System

aka Autonomic nervous system to distinguish it between the Somatic nervous system

Paravertibral ganglia

aka Sympathetic chain

Cholinergic fiber

any fiber that secretes Ach

Cholinergic receptor

any receptor that binds Ach

Vagus Nerve (X)

carries about 90% of all parasympathetic preganglionic fibers and forms three networks in the mediastinum

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

carries parasympathetic fibers concerned with salivation

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

carries parasympathetic fibers that control the lens and pupil of the eye

Facial Nerve (VII)

carries parasympathetic fibers that regulate the tear glands, salivary glands, and nasal glands

`a-adrenergic receptors

excitatory effects

B-adrenergic receptors

inhibatory effects

Adrenal Medula

inner core of the adrenal gland, a sympathetic ganglion secretes epinephrine and nonepinephrin

Muscarinic Receptors

membrane receptors sensitive to acetylcholine and to muscarine, a toxin produced by certain mushrooms.

Preganglionic Neuron

myleinated fiber that has a soma in the brainstem and spinal cord its axon terminates in a ganglion

Adrenergic Fibers

nerve fibers that secrete norepinephrine

Enteric Nervous System

nervous system of the digestive tract, motility of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines; secretion of digestive enzymes and acid

Autonomic Nervous System

nervous system that controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

Norepinephrine

neurotransmitter is secreted by nearly all sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Acetylcholine (Ach)

neurotransmitter secreted by the preganglionic neurons in both divisions and the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division

Parasympathetic division

part of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion

Spinal Nerve Route

postgang. fibers exit via gray ramus, return to spinal N. and travel the rest of the way to the target organ. [rt of most sweat glands, piloerector m. and blood vessels of the skin and skeletal m.]

Sympathetic Nerve Route

postganglionic fibers extend to heart, lungs, esophagus, and thoracic blood vessels...

Gray Communicating Ramus

postganglionic fibers travel from spinal nerve to target organs by way of this

White Communicating Ramus

preganglionic fibers travel from spinal nerve to ganglion by way of this

Adrenergic Receptors

receptorsthat bind norepinephrine

Sympathetic chain

series of ganglia adjacent to each side of the verterbral column from the cervical to the cocygeal level

Postganglionic Neuron

synapses with a preganglionic neron in a ganglion and axon extends toward the target cells

Autonomic Tone

the balance between the sympathetic tone and parasympathetic tone changes with the bodys needs

Dual Innervation

viscera recieve nerve fibers from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions