AVIT 103 - Air Traffic Management - Exam one/two
academy tower map area
(airport diagram)
Academy Tower (ACT) Local South
118.2/257.6
Academy Tower (ACT) Local North
119.2/257.8
Academy Approach (AAC) South
119.5/252.6
Departures go up to what altitude?
12,000
Academy Approach (AAC) North
120.2/261.0
'GUARD' or 'Emergency' AM voice frequencies used in Aviation
121.5 and 243.0
Academy Tower (ACT) Ground South
121.9/221.9
Academy Tower (ACT) Ground North
125.7/225.7
When arriving, what altitude should jets enter arrival gates at?
13,000
Aero Center (ZAE) South
135.0/335.0
Aero Center (ZAE) North
136.0/336.0
What Altitude, in MSL, do the Flight Levels Start?
18,000'
When the first RADAR was used for civilian Air Traffic Control services?
1952
When was the first RADAR used for civilian Air Traffic Control Services?
1952
What year did 13,000 PATCO controllers go on strike?
1981
Separate aircraft by this minima:
3 miles, 1000ft aircraft separation
Point out
A physical or automated action taken by a controller to transfer the radar identification of an aircraft to another controller if the aircraft will or may enter the airspace or protected airspace of another controller and radio communications will not be transferred. (do not transfer radio communications)
What is the name of the Airport we use here at UND for Air Traffic Control training?
Academy International
What is the name of the airport that we work at (for ATC Training)?
Academy airport
ARTCC
Air Route Traffic Control Center. Typically handle aircraft at level flight, enroute to their destination. Also control aircraft at airports that don't have control towers or TRACONs. Have plenty of people looking out for aircraft.
ATCT
Air Traffic Control Tower. Control aircraft landing and departing to and from medium/large airports. 4-5nm radius
What type of aircraft has the right of way over all other aircraft?
Aircraft in distress
Who has the right of way over all other aircraft?
Aircraft in distress
How to state Altitudes
Altitude: climb/descend and maintain (altitude) [climb and maintain one two thousand]
Handoff
An action taken to transfer the radar identification of an aircraft from one controller to another controller if the aircraft will enter the receiving controller's airspace and radio communications with the aircraft will be transferred. (transferring into another aircrafts airspace, communications are transferrered)
Who was recognized as being the first Air Traffic Controller?
Archie League
Communications transfer to TOWER shall occur before or after the aircraft has passed the outer marker on final?
Before. Communications transfer to tower should normally occur by ten (10) miles from the airport but not later than five (5) miles from the airport. Communications transfer shall occur not later than the Outer Marker (OM) for aircraft conducting and ILS approach
Academy Towers Airspace Dimensions and Class type?
Class Delta, 5 mile radius from the airport, goes up to 2500ft AGL Academy approach control is 35 mile radius (surface to 12,000ft MSL)
What position in the tower is responsible for reading Clearances?
Clearance delivery
What airport had the first radio-equipped control tower in 1930?
Cleveland
Where was the first ATC Tower with a Radio for communications?
Cleveland Municipal Airport
What is the proper phraseology to say 118.2 MHz?
Contact local South at wun wun ait point too (one one eight point two)
DME
Distance Measuring Equipment. Usually collocated with NAVAIDs (most often with VOR and ILS. however, standalone stations are charted). Give aircraft distance from station (slant range error)
A DME NAVAID gives you your ground distance to the DME? T/F
False- it tells you the distance to the station, so there is a slant range error
What is the Air Commerce Act of 1926 and information about it?
Federal regulations set and maintain safety standards (certified and identified aircraft, licensed pilots, established airways, operating and maintaining NAVAIDs, safe altitudes of flight and separation standards for pilots). Created bureau of air commerce. Still no ATC, just pilots separating themselves.
FSS
Flight Service Station. Air traffic facility that provides pilot briefings, flight plan processing, en route radio communications, search and rescue services, and assistance to lost aircraft and aircraft in emergency situations. FSSs also relay ATC clearances, process Notices to Airmen, broadcast aviation weather and aeronautical info, and notify customs and border protection of transborder flights
What are the three positions in the tower?
Flight data, clearance delivery/ground control, local control
How to state frequencies
Frequency: N1926N contact(/monitor) ground on 132.4 at(time)/over(location). [N1926N, radio service terminated, change to enroute frequency at your discression]
What does GPS stand for and name at least two characteristics of this Navigational Aid?
Global Positioning System. It's a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, and only four satellites are required for location and altitude (only three are required for two dimensional/location only). It's maintained by the US and is freely accessible to anyone in the world with a GPS receiver.
GPS
Global Positioning System. Space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone in the World with a GPS receiver.
GBAS
Ground Based Augmentation System. also known as LAAS, is an all-weather aircraft landing system based on real-time differential correction of the GPS signal. Local reference receivers located around the airport send data to a central location at the airport. This data is used to formulate a correction message, which is then transmitted to users via a VHF Data Link. A receiver on an aircraft uses this information to correct GPS signals, which then provides a standard ILS-style display to use while flying a precision approach. Accuracy <1 meter, vertical and horizontal. Prototypes in Testing Worldwide. Local reference receivers are located around an airport at precisely surveyed locations. The signal received from the GPS constellation is used to calculate the position of the GBAS ground station, which is then compared to its precisely surveyed position. This data is used to formulate a correction message which is transmitted to users via a VHF data link. This information is used to create an ILS-type display for aircraft approach and landing purposes. GBAS mitigates GPS threats in the Local Area to a much greater accuracy than WAAS and therefore provides a higher level of service not attainable by WAAS. GBAS's VHF uplink signal is currently slated to share the frequency band from 108 MHz to 118 MHz with existing ILS localizer and VOR navigational aids and transmit up to 23 NM
What position is responsible for issuing taxi instructions?
Ground control
How to state Headings
Heading: turn left/right heading (degrees) [turn right heading three six zero]
When do you issue a Safety Alert to an aircraft?
If you are aware the aircraft is in a position/altitude which, in your judgment, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft
ILS
Instrument Landing System. Course guidance (localizer antenna at departure end of runway, sends frequencies in reverse also- localizer backcourse). Glideslope (antenna located near touchdown zone)
What does ILS stand for and name at least two characteristics of this Navigational Aid?
Instrument Landing System. It has a localizer antenna (located at the departure end of the runway) and a glide slope (antenna located near touchdown zone) used to help aircraft land in bad weather.
What does LOA stand for?
Letter of Agreement
Altitudes are always MSL or FL?
MSL
Are miles in statute (SM) or nautical (NM) miles in air traffic control?
NM
Do we say the destination airport for presidential aircraft in their clearance?
No
NDB
Non-Directional Beacon. Radio station, transits signal in all directions. First installed in 1924. 190 to 535kHz. Small NDB can be collocated with ILS (marker beacon, compass locator, extremely low cost). Service volumes (service ranges of individual facilities may be less than 50 nautical miles)
Name the two brothers that developed and successively tested the first, heavier than air, powered, aircraft?
Orville and Wilbur Wright
What is the duty priority of Air Traffic Controllers?
Prevent collisions and provide safety alerts (Give priority to separating aircraft and issuing safety alerts as required in this order. Good judgement shall be used in prioritizing all other provisions of this order based on the requirements of the situation at hand.)
An Air Traffic Controllers Duty Priority is:
Prevent collisions and provide safety alerts.
What happened in 1981 with Air Traffic Control in the US?
Professional Air Traffic Control Organization (PATCO) wanted better working conditions, been complaining for many years, so 13,000+ air traffic controllers went on strike. Reagan fired those that didn't return to work, and ~11,000 controllers were fired. Military helped replace the much needed air traffic controllers, they hired off the street, closed down some facilities, had to transfer some employees. Took over 10 yrs before the staffing was stabilized throughout the FAA.
What is the operational priority of Air Traffic Controllers?
Provide services on a first-come, first-served basis
What are the two main runways at the airport we work (for ATC Training)?
Runway 28 right and 28 left
What does SOP stand for?
Standard Operating Procedure
What does STARS stand for?
Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System
What does STARS stand for in ATC equipment?
Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (new displays, capabilities, better weather, backup system, much easier and safer to use)
What is a difference between a TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control) and an ARTCC (Air Route Traffic Control Center)? (One sentence is fine)
TRACON deals with aircraft that depart from medium/large airports, but are within 5-40 nm from the airport (from climbout to level flight, and from level flight to descent into the airport), while ARTCC handles aircraft at level flight enroute to their destination. ARTCC also controls aircraft at airports that do not have control towers or TRACONs.
TACAN
Tactical Air Navigation. Similar to VOR-DME. Line of sight, less susceptible to reflection. Smaller, more portable- battlefield, aircraft carrier. Coded information, military only. Mobile TACAN ground station. Operates in UHF range 960-1215mHz
TRACON
Terminal Radar Approach Control. typically handle aircraft that have departed from medium/large airports, but are within 5-40nm from the airport (/ - and - \ climbout to level and level to descent into airport). some TRACONs are located within control towers- called "up-downs"
What aircraft collision happened on June 30, 1956? Where did it occur and how many people died? What effect did it have on ATC?
The TWA United Accident happened (it was between a TWA Super Constellation and a United DC7). It occurred over the Grand Canyon, and all 128 people died. It made the government realize that ATC and Radar was important. The planes had adjusted their course on their own to avoid the thunderstorms, and they both ended up at the same altitude, even though the request for the altitude change by TWA was denied due to traffic. It's hard to tell in this situation who is to blame. TWA had decided to switch course even after the traffic advisory, but United had the legal responsibility to avoid the TWA plane because he was the one overtaking, but also avoiding clouds. The traffic advisor had told the TWA plane about the United traffic, however he didn't notify the United plane of the TWA traffic; maybe if he did, there would have been a different outcome. However, it made people realize that they needed system of air traffic control, making changes in American aviation. Now, we have a nationwide radar system, but there are still mid-air collisions, so making satellites for all pilots to know how far they are from all other aircraft can help.
Radar Contact
The term used to inform the controller initiating a handoff that the aircraft is identified and approval is granted for the aircraft to enter the receiving controller's airspace.
What is the purpose of the JO 7110.65?
To prescribe air traffic control procedures and phraseology for use by persons providing air traffic control services. Controllers required to be familiar with the provisions of this order that pertain to their operational responsibilities and to exercise their best judgment if they encounter situations that aren't covered by it
Approach shall notify Aero Center (ZAE) of all IFR departures. (T/F)
True
Monitor interphones and assigned radio frequencies continuously.
True
The Primary Purpose of Air Traffic Control is to prevent a collision between aircraft operating in the system and to provide a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic, and to provide support for National Security and Homeland Defense? T/F
True
What is the proper phraseology to turn an aircraft to heading 005?
Turn right heading zero zero five
Who allocates funds and manages the GPS satellite constellation system?
United States Air Force - Space Command
What is a Traffic Advisory?
Unless in class A or omission requested by pilot, traffic advisories are issued to all aircraft (IFR or VFR) on your frequency when, in your judgment, their proximity may diminish to less than the applicable separation minima. Where no separation minima applies, such as for VFR aircraft outside of Class B/Class C airspace, or a TRSA, issue traffic advisories to those aircraft on your frequency when in your judgment their proximity warrants it
The speed at which an aircraft is committed to takeoff and can no longer safely abort takeoff is called what?
V1
The speed at which an aircraft is committed to takeoff and can no longer safely abort takeoff is?
V1
VOR
VHF Omnidirectional Range. Transmits 360 radials, 1 degree through 360 degrees. Aircraft can track these radials if equipped with VOR receiver. Developed in 1944. 108.0-117.95mHz
VORTAC
VHF Omnidirectional Range/Tactical Aircraft Control. Compromise to having two systems. Provides info to military and civilians
WAAS
Wide Area Augmentation System. air navigation aid developed by the Federal Aviation Administration to augment the Global Positioning System (GPS), with the goal of improving its accuracy, integrity, and availability. Essentially, WAAS is intended to enable aircraft to rely on GPS for all phases of flight, including precision approaches to any airport within its coverage area.
Does ATC have to RADAR ID an aircraft prior to issuing RADAR instructions, like vectors?
Yes?
Shall means...
a procedure is mandatory
May means...
a procedure is optional
shall not means...
a procedure is prohibited
should means...
a procedure is recommended
What is a Safety Alert?
a safety alert is issued to an aircraft if you are aware the aircraft is in a position/altitude which, in your judgment, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft
Know retirement age information for Air Traffic Controllers.
age 50 with 20 years, or any age with 25 years
who controls the Movement areas on a Towered Airfield?
areas that are under control of the ground controllers
With departures, automatic releases are canceled immediately with any instrument runway change or missed approach
controllers need to coordinate (with IFR departing aircraft)
aero center (ZAE) map area and altitudes
entire area- SFC to FL600 excluding ACT and AAC
will means...
futurity, a procedure is not required for the application of a procedure
Difference between handoff and point out
handoff radio communications transferred, point out not
June 30, 1956 Crash cause
lack of radar, planes collided in midair, need improved ATC
An Air Traffic Controller should, according to Operational Priority:
provide services on a first-come, first-served basis.
academy approach (AAC) map area- distance and altitude
runways, approach gate- 35nm excluding ACT, SFC to 12,000MSL
Does ATC control aircraft and vehicles on the Non-Movement Areas?
taxiways and apron (ramp) areas not under the control of air traffic
What is the primary purpose of Air Traffic Control?
to prevent a collision between aircraft operating in the system and to provide a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic, and to provide support for National Security and Homeland Defense
