Chapter 38: Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels

A nurse is preparing a syringe that contains regular and NPH insulin. To ensure effectiveness, the nurse would administer the insulins within which time frame?

15 minutes

The nurse's assessment of a patient who has presented to the emergency department reveals hyperglycemia. Which type of insulin will have the most rapid effect on the patient's blood sugar levels?

Aspart

The nurse is educating a client who is beginning therapy with acarbose and tells the client to take the medication with the first bite of each main meal to help prevent what adverse effect?

Bloating and diarrhea

Which would the nurse identify as an effect of somatostatin on blood glucose?

Decreased glucagon release

A patient has been noncompliant with his diabetic medication regimen and develops diabetic ketoacidosis. Which would the nurse assess?

Deep respirations

Which is a non-insulin injectable antidiabetic drug?

Exenatide (Byetta)

The nurse teaches the male client with type 1 diabetes that insulin needs vary depending upon certain conditions. The client requires additional teaching when he learns that his insulin needs may increase because of what condition? (Select all that apply.)

Exercise Decreased food intake

A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed a hypoglycemic reaction. Which intervention should the nurse perform if swallowing and gag reflexes are present in the patient?

Give oral fluids or candy.

A man is brought to the emergency department. He is nonresponsive, and his blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL. Which would the nurse expect to be ordered?

Glucagon

A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why the client cannot just take a pill. The nurse would incorporate what knowledge when responding to this client?

Insulin is needed because the beta cells of the pancreas are no longer functioning.

A patient is undergoing metformin therapy at a health care facility. The patient is also prescribed glucocorticoids. What effect of interaction of these two drugs should the nurse assess for in the patient?

Increased risk of lactic acidosis

When describing the effects of incretins on blood glucose control to a group of students, which would an instructor include?

Increases insulin release

A patient is receiving acarbose. What would the nurse incorporate into the teaching plan for this patient about the action of the drug?

Inhibits an enzyme to delay glucose absorption

A nurse must recognize the duration of insulin so as not to cause harm to the client with administration of the improper type of insulin. Which insulins are rapid acting? (Select all that apply.)

Insulin aspart (NovoLog) Insuline glulisine (Apidra)

A nurse must recognize the duration of insulin as to not cause harm to the client with administration of the improper type of insulin. Which insulins are long-acting insulin? (Select all that apply.)

Insulin glargine (Lantus) Insulin detemir (Levemir)

A female client is prescribed metformin to decrease her blood glucose levels associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Which statement accurately describes the action of metformin?

It decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity.

The nurse admits a client with type 2 diabetes who takes metformin (Glucophage), and indicates that the client has a nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern. What complication of the client's current drug therapy does the nurse believe the client is experiencing?

Lactic acidosis

The nurse is preparing to administer insulin lispro (Humalog) to a client at 7 AM. What is the nurse's top priority intervention related to this medication?

Make sure the client's breakfast is available in the next 5-10 minutes.

The nurse is caring for a client, age 77 years, who has type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Which drugs will be used with great caution in this client? (Select all that apply.)

Metformin (Glucophage) Exenatide (Byetta) Miglitol (Glyset)

A patient is prescribed sitagliptin. The nurse would expect to administer this drug by which route?

Oral

The nurse walks into the room of a client with type 1 diabetes and finds the client pale and diaphoretic. The client reports a headache and being hungry. Immediately, the client is unable to talk. What is the nurse's immediate intervention for this client?

Place glucose gel between the gums and cheek.

Which agent would a nurse expect to administer as a single oral dose in the morning?

Rosiglitazone

Which produce their glucose lowering effect by decreasing insulin resistance and increasing insulin sensitivity? (Select all that apply.)

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) Pioglitazone (Actos)

A nurse is instructing a patient in the administration of regular insulin by the subcutaneous route. Which strategy would the nurse suggest if the goal is to promote absorption of the regular insulin?

Select one anatomic area for regular insulin injections and then use serial locations within that area.

A patient at a health care facility has been prescribed diazoxide for hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. What adverse reactions to the drug should the nurse monitor for in the patient?

Tachycardia

Meglitinides should be administered at what time?

With the first bite of a meal

The nurse is educating a newly diagnosed diabetic who must learn how to give himself insulin injections. The nurse tells the client that insulin is absorbed fastest from which area of injection?

abdomen