AVSC 3530
In reality, a flat plate held against the airstream has a drag coefficient of what?
1.18
Refer to the chart below. At approximately what airspeed is the excess power available the greatest?
110 kts
Refer to the chart below. This aircraft is traveling at 110 knots and has a gross weight of 2500 pounds. What is its maximum rate of climb at this airspeed?
1386 fpm
When was the first manned flight of a heavier-than air craft?
1853
When was the first sustained, controlled, and powered flight?
1903
When did planes first reach speeds of 300 to 400 miles per hour?
1930's
When did planes first reach speeds of 300 to 400 miles per hour?
1930s
Refer the the image below. The aircraft represented in this chart is in trim condition at what degree of angle of attack? (Enter the numeric value (e.g., one would be entered 1, two would be entered 2, etc.)
2
Which airfoil below has its maximum camber furthers from the leading edge?
3610
Which airfoil below exhibits the greatest maximum thickness?
4120
At what speed does a turbofan have its peak efficiency?
700 mph
Refer to the image below. Lines A through E each represent a different aircraft. Which of the following statements are true regarding these aircraft? Select all that apply.
A & B are unstable E is the most stable
Who developed the smooth-skin metal monocoque structure?
Adolph Rohrbach
What is the study of the behavior of moving air and the forces that it produces?
Aerodynamics
Which of the following will lift in a static air mass?
Aerostatic vehicles
What are the primary turning controls of an airplane?
Ailerons
In the case of a jet, the speed for maximum lift-to-drag ratio gives the maximum performance for which of the following?
Angle of climb Endurance Power-off glide ratio
What term refers to the span divided by the average chord?
Aspect ratio
What term refers to the overall runway distance?
Balanced field length
Which of the following is illustrated by the equation: (static pressure + dynamic pressure)?
Bernoulli's equation
Which of the following are velocities of importance in most efficient flight conditions?
Best endurance speed Cruise-optimum speed Best range speed
Which of the following are results of maximum L/D?
Best range Best glide
cWhat was the first truly modern lightplane, and was the trendsetter for business and personal aircraft?
Bonanza
Archimedes discovered which of the following?
Buoyancy principle
Which of the following was part of a significant step toward low-drag configuration?
Cantilever
What is the point at which a body would balance on a fulcrum?
Center of gravity
What is the value of the free airstream Mach number that causes the flowto just reach Mach 1 somewhere on the airfoil?
Critical Mach number
Dr. Bernard H. Carson said that operating at what speed is "the least wasteful way of wasting fuel"?
Cruise-optimum airspeed
Which of the following are parts considered in landing distance?
Distance to clear Actual landing roll distance
What is the downward push to the air that has the result of changing the direction of the incoming air stream in the vicinity of the wing?
Downwash effect
What is the method of calculating drag for various components and summing them for total airplane parasite drag?
Drag breakdown
What is the process of reducing the drag of an aircraft by carefully improving the efficiency of airflow around minor, detailed parts of the airplane?
Drag cleanup
Which of the following can be thought of as the ratio of drag force to dynamic pressure force?
Drag coefficient
Which of the following is represented by how rapidly oscillations dampen out?
Dynamic stability
What is the device that should block the flow of air around the tip?
Endplates
Fiberglass-reinforced plastic is not a composite material.
False
If a wing is swept aft, only a component of the velocity of the air will flow over it chordwise.
False
Maximum endurance is obtained at the speed for maximum range.
False
On a twin-engine aircraft, the additional engine is meant to be a spare.
False
On power curves for higher altitude, the power curves come closer together, resulting in more excess horsepower.
False
Rolling, in itself, produces a restoring moment.
False
The larger the bypass ratio, the less efficient the powerplant becomes.
False
Whitcomb's findings supported the theory that the drag depended more on the shape rather than the amount of cross-sectional area.
False
What is the moveable portion of the airfoil that is deflected through some angle from the original chord position to yield a higher camber?
Flap
Thrust is what component of lift?
Forward motion
Which of the following represents how much of the weight becomes a retarding force (at landing)?
Friction coefficient
What aspect of gliding performance is usually of most concern to pilots?
Glide ratio
Which of the following is true of high camber?
High camber creates greater lift High camber produces high drag
Which of the following are terms used to describe an aircraft for operation in hypersonic speed range?
Hypersonic transport Orient Express Aerospace plane
What special type of parasite drag arises due to the juncture of two different bodies?
Interference drag
How does the angle that the shock wave makes change as hypersonic speeds are approached?
It gets smaller
An airfoil is classified as 0015 using the NACA four digit series and has a 75-inch chord. What can you tell about the airfoil given this information? Select all that apply.
It is symmetrical The maximum thickness is 11.25 inces
What is the transition from flight to ground operation?
Landing
What term refers to a force that is equal to or greater than the weight of an object and acts in the opposite direction of gravity?
Lift
Which of the following is a measure of how efficiently the wing is transforming dynamic pressure into lift?
Lift coefficient
What is the horizontal component of the tilted lift vector?
Lift times the sine of the bank angle
What is the most important consideration in airplane design for stability?
Longitudinal stability
Which of the following are disadvantages of flying wings?
Longitudinal stability and control Size
Which of the following are factors that tend to increase induced drag?
Low wingspan High weight Low velocity
Which of the following are effects of reduced weight on the power required curve?
Lower power required Greater excess power Higher rate of climb
If an airplane is travelling at one half the speed of sound, what is its Mach number?
Mach 0.5
When supersonic fights first came onto the scene in the early 1950s, it was found that considerable drag was encountered in what region of speed?
Mach 1
Hypersonic effects take place at about what Mach number?
Mach 5
Which of the following is expressed in the formula: (True airspeed / Speed of sound)?
Mach number
Who designed and constructed the first hot air balloon?
Montgolfier brothers
Which of the following causes lift?
Net force in the upward direction Imbalance of pressure forces between the top and bottom of the airfoil
What is the ideal airfoil for supersonic flight?
One with a sharp leading edge
On the high-speed side of the power curve, most of the drag is due to which type of drag?
Parasite drag
What type of drag can be thought of as the sum of pressure and skin friction drag?
Parasite drag
What refers to how fast it will go, how fast it will climb, how quickly it will take off and land, and how far it will go?
Performance
Which of the following can be considered as a force times velocity?
Power
Which of the following scientists developed much of the classical theory of flight?
Prandtl Lanchester Joukowsky
Which of the following is called an "airscrew" by the British?
Propeller
In which of the following does all of the air flow through the combustion section and get accelerated to high velocity?
Pure turbojet
Which of the following are airbreathing engines capable of speeds much above Mach 3?
Ramjet
Which of the following is expressed in the formula: (Excess power / Weight)?
Rate of climb
Equivalent flat plate area is expressed by which of the following?
Ratio of parasite drag to dynamic pressure
What is movement about the longitudinal axis?
Roll
What is an internal combustion engine without pistons?
Rotary engine
Who succeeded in briefly lifting into the air a huge machine propelled by a powerful steam engine in 1894?
Sir Hiram Maxim
A cambered airfoil that would develop zero lift would have what angle of attack?
Slightly negative
What is probably the foremost advantage of air travel?
Speed
Which of the following has the primary purpose of reducing the local Mach number of the flow over the wing?
Swept wing
Which of the following are contributors to lateral stability?
Swept wing Fuselage effect Dihedral
What is the transition from ground operation to flight?
Takeoff
An airfoil is classified under the NACA four digit series as 2615. Using this information, which of the following is true regarding this airfoil?
The airfoil has a thickness of 15% of the chord
A low Reynolds number means what?
The flow is laminar
An airfoil is classified under the NACA four digit series as 3110. Using this information, which of the following is true regarding this airfoil?
The maximum camber is located .1 chords from the leading edge
Lift comes from which of the following?
The net pressure of the top and bottom surfaces
The efficiency of the propeller, or how much horsepower it converts into thrust horsepower, is dependent on what?
The ratio of forward speed to rotational speed
The natural nose-down pitching moment is equal to which of the following?
The sum of the wing lift moment and the tail lift moment
For a container filled with fluid to rise within surrounding fluid, which of the following must be true?
The total weight of the container and the fluid inside it must be less than the weight of the amount of fluid it displaces
What is the force that must be generated in order to overcome the natural resistance of drag?
Thrust
Which force(s) is(are) positive accelerating forces in takeoff?
Thrust
What term can be expressed in the equation: (Propeller efficiency x brake horsepower)?
Thrust horsepower
Which of the following is equal to the weight divided by the cosine?
Total lift
A decrease in forward velocity will increase angle of attack.
True
Air is compressible and has no specific amount of weight associated with a certain volume.
True
Ground effect will have its greatest influence on a low-wing airplane of low aspect ratio at a relatively high gross weight.
True
High performance airplanes with high thrust-to-weight ratios can accelerate during the climb.
True
If a wing is swept aft, only a component of the velocity of the air will flow over it chordwise.
True
What type of boundary layer creates more drag?
Turbulent
What are the small winglike surfaces that project vertically into the airstream?
Vortex generators
What term refers to the combined effect of the energy loss across and the wake formed behind the shock wave?
Wave drag
What is the most successful method of creating artificial aspect ratio to date?
Winglet
Refer to the chart below. In what approximate range is the region of reverse command?
approximately 10-50 kts
What was the first commercially adapted jet engine aircraft?
deHavilland Comet
Refer to the chart below. As this aircraft increases in speed, its climb rate increases or decreases?
decreases
Aerodynamic stability in yaw is called what?
directional stability
The tendency of a disturbed aircraft over time to return to its original condition is known as
dynamic stability
The time that an airplane can remain aloft on a certain amount of fuel is known as
endurance
Refer to the charts below. An aircraft with a gross weight of 11,000 lbs. is traveling at .30 Mach at 5,000 ft. After climbing and leveling off at 10,000 ft. and returning to a speed of .30 Mach, how has its specific range changed?
increased by 24 nam/1000 lbs. fuel
The tendency of a disturbed aircraft to continue away from the trimmed condition is known as
instability
Aerodynamic stability in roll is called what?
lateral stability
Aerodynamic stability in pitch is called what?
longitudinal stability
"A" represents which of the following on the chart below?
maneuver speed
"C" represents what on the chart below?
maximum level flight speed
"D" represents what on the chart below?
minimum power required
Consider a graph when pitching moment is plotted against degrees of angle of attack. The slope of the line of unstable aircraft plotted on this graph will be
positive
Refer to the image below. This aircraft has what type of stability?
positive
"A" represents what on the chart below?
power available
"B" represents what on the chart below?
power required
The number of air miles flown per pound of fuel used is known as
specific range
The tendency of a disturbed aircraft to return to the trimmed condition is known as
stability
Refer to the charts below. What event has occurred to change the chart from displaying the conditions in Chart 1 to the conditions in Chart 2?
the aircraft has climbed to a higher altitude
Refer to the charts below. What event has occurred to change the chart from displaying the conditions in Chart 1 to the conditions in Chart 2? (absolute ceiling)
the aircraft has reached its absolute ceiling