Azure Developer Associate

Output binding:

An output binding is a connection to a data destination. Our function can write data to these destinations.

A CRON expression is a string that consists of six fields that represent a set of times. The order of the six fields in Azure is: {second} {minute} {hour} {day} {month} {day of the week}. Suppose you needed a CRON expression that meant "every day", what special character would you put in the {day of the week} position?:

*

Fan out/fan in(workflow pattern):

This pattern runs multiple functions in parallel and then waits for all the functions to finish. The results of the parallel executions can be aggregated or used to compute a final result.

CRON / means:

Specifies an increment

Azure Cosmos DB(trigger):

Start a function when inserts and updates are detected.

Microsoft Graph Events(trigger):

Starts a function in response to an incoming webhook from the Microsoft Graph. Each instance of this trigger can react to one Microsoft Graph resource type.

Service Bus(trigger):

Starts a function in response to messages from a Service Bus queue.

Timer(trigger):

Starts a function on a schedule.

Queue storage(trigger):

Starts a function when a new item is received on a queue. The queue message is provided as input to the function.

Blob storage(trigger):

Starts a function when a new or updated blob is detected.

Event Grid(trigger):

Starts a function when an event is received from Event Grid.

HTTP(trigger):

Starts a function with an HTTP request.

Monitor(workflow pattern):

This pattern implements a recurring process in a workflow, possibly looking for a change in state. For example, you could use this pattern to poll until specific conditions are met.

message:

-contains raw data, produced by one component, that will be consumed by another component. -A message contains the data itself, not just a reference to that data. -The sending component expects the message content to be processed in a certain way by the destination component. The integrity of the overall system may depend on both sender and receiver doing a specific job.

Subscriptions:

A subscription groups together user accounts and the resources that have been created by those user accounts. For each subscription, there are limits or quotas on the amount of resources that you can create and use. Organizations can use subscriptions to manage costs and the resources that are created by users, teams, or projects.

How many triggers must a function have?:

1

The two types of subscription boundaries are:

1) Billing boundary 2) Access control boundary

you might choose to create additional subscriptions to separate:

1) Environments (for coding, testing, dev etc) 2) Organizational structures 3) Billing

drawback of a serverless compute solution:

1) Execution time: By default, functions have a timeout of 5 minutes. This timeout is configurable to a maximum of 10 minutes. 2) Execution frequency: if your function is executed a lot it might be cheaper to host your service on a VM.

There are 3 HTTP trigger authorization levels:

1) Function 2) Anonymous 3) Admin

The Core Tools feature a variety of functions-related capabilities, but their primary purpose is to:

1) Generate the files and folders you need to develop functions on your local computer 2) Run your functions locally so you can test and debug them 3) Publish your functions to Azure

The goal of Azure Storage is to provide data storage that's(4):

1) Highly available 2) Secure 3) Scalable 4) Managed

4 levels of organizing structure in Azure(top to bottom):

1) Management groups 2) Subscriptions 3) Resource groups 4) Resources

Three properties are required in all bindings:

1) Name 2) Type 3) Direction

three types of blobs:

1) block blobs 2) append blobs 3) page blobs

There are two types of keys:

1) function 2) host

benefits of queues:

1) increased reliability 2) message delivery gurantee 3) transactional support

two kinds of bindings:

1) input binding 2) output binding

The components sending the event are known as _________, and receivers are known as ___________.

1) publishers 2) subscribers

Function app:

A function app is a way to organize and collectively manage your functions. A function app is comprised of one or more individual functions that are managed together by Azure App Service. All the functions in a function app share the same pricing plan, continuous deployment, and runtime version.

What best explains why the Human Interaction application pattern benefits from Durable Functions?

A manual process within an automated process because people aren't as highly available and as responsive as computers.

Input binding:

An input binding is a connection to a data source. Our function can read data from these inputs.

Which of the following statements is a valid statement about an Azure subscription? -Using Azure doesn't require a subscription. -An Azure subscription is a logical unit of Azure services. -You can't have more than one subscription.

An Azure subscription is a logical unit of Azure services.

Access control boundary:

Azure applies access-management policies at the subscription level, and you can create separate subscriptions to reflect different organizational structures. An example is that within a business, you have different departments to which you apply distinct Azure subscription policies. This billing model allows you to manage and control access to the resources that users provision with specific subscriptions.

Which of the following is a logical unit of Azure services that links to an Azure account? Azure subscription Management group Resource group

Azure subscription

Additionally, most binding types also need a fourth property:

Connection - Provides the name of an app setting key that contains the connection string.

What is Durable Functions?

Durable Functions is an extension of Azure Functions, that allow you to simplify complex stateful executions in a serverless-environment

region pair:

Each Azure region is always paired with another region within the same geography, This approach allows for the replication of resources

The GitHub Gollum event:

Enables you to listen for wiki updates.

1. Suppose you have a distributed application with a web service that authenticates users. When a user logs on, the web service notifies all the client applications so they can display that user's status as "Online". Is the login notification an example of a message or an event?

Event

True or false: an Azure Function can have multiple triggers associated with it?

Every Azure Function must have exactly one trigger associated with it. If you want to use multiple triggers, you must create multiple functions.

isolation boundary:

If one zone(datacenter) goes down, the other continues working

Function chaining(workflow pattern):

In this pattern, the workflow executes a sequence of functions in a specified order.

What best describes the role of the Orchestrator function in a workflow?

It's used for describing how actions are executed and the order in which actions are executed.

Serverless compute:

Like FaaS or function as a service

1. Which of the following can be used to manage governance across multiple Azure subscriptions? Azure initiatives Management groups Resource groups

Management groups

2. Suppose you have a distributed application with a web service that lets users manage their account. Users can sign up, edit their profile, and delete their account. When a user deletes their account, your web service notifies your data layer so the user's data will be removed from the database. Is the delete-account notification an example of a message or an event?

Message

The Anonymous level means:

that there's no authentication required.

CRON - means:

Specifies a range

Which of the following features doesn't apply to resource groups? -Resources can be in only one resource group. -Role-based access control can be applied to the resource group. -Resource groups can be nested.

Resource groups can be nested.

Resource groups:

Resources are combined into resource groups, which act as a logical container into which Azure resources like web apps, databases, and storage accounts are deployed and managed.

Resources:

Resources are instances of services that you create, like virtual machines, storage, or SQL databases.

CRON * means:

Selects every value in a field

CRON ' means:

Separates items in a list

Zone-redundant services:

The platform replicates automatically across zones (for example, zone-redundant storage, SQL Database).

Management groups:

These groups help you manage access, policy, and compliance for multiple subscriptions. All subscriptions in a management group automatically inherit the conditions applied to the management group.

Some benefits of using Durable Functions include:

They enable you to write event driven code. A durable function can wait asynchronously for one or more external events, and then perform a series of tasks in response to these events. You can chain functions together. You can implement common patterns such as fan-out/fan-in, which uses one function to invoke others in parallel, and then accumulate the results. You can orchestrate and coordinate functions, and specify the order in which functions should execute. The state is managed for you. You don't have to write your own code to save state information for a long-running function.

Which of the following is an advantage of using bindings in your Azure Functions to access data sources and data sinks?: -They provide access to more data sources than are available using code. -They let you connect to Azure resources without authentication. -They simplify the connection process; you don't need to code specific connection logic.

They simplify the connection process; you don't need to code specific connection logic.

Async HTTP APIs(workflow pattern):

This pattern addresses the problem of coordinating state of long-running operations with external clients. An HTTP call can trigger the long-running action. Then, it can redirect the client to a status endpoint. The client can learn when the operation is finished by polling this endpoint.

Human interaction(workflow pattern):

This pattern combines automated processes that also involve some human interaction. -Human interaction can be incorporated using timeouts and compensation logic that runs if the human fails to interact correctly within a specified response time

Activity functions:

the basic units of work in a durable function orchestration.

Billing boundary:

This subscription type determines how an Azure account is billed for using Azure. You can create multiple subscriptions for different types of billing requirements. Azure generates separate billing reports and invoices for each subscription so that you can organize and manage costs.

Client functions:

the entry point for creating an instance of a Durable Functions orchestration.

An orchestration function provides these extra benefits:

You can define the workflows in code. You don't need to write a JSON description or use a workflow design tool. Functions can be called both synchronously and asynchronously. Output from the called functions is saved locally in variables and used in subsequent function calls. Azure checkpoints the progress of a function automatically when the function awaits. Azure may choose to dehydrate the function and save its state while the function waits, to preserve resources and reduce costs. When the function starts running again, Azure will rehydrate it and restore its state.

Zonal services:

You pin the resource to a specific zone (for example, VMs, managed disks, IP addresses).

function app:

a collection of functions that are published together into the same environment.

Bindings:

a declarative way to connect data and services to your function.

HTTP trigger Authorization level:

a flag that indicates if an incoming HTTP request needs an API key for authentication reasons.

If your Authorization level is set to Function, you can use either:

a function or a host key.

Service Bus:

a message broker system intended for enterprise applications. These apps often utilize multiple communication protocols, have different data contracts, higher security requirements, and can include both cloud and on-premises services. -Service Bus is built on top of a dedicated messaging infrastructure designed for exactly these scenarios.

Queue storage:

a service that uses Azure Storage to store large numbers of messages that can be securely accessed from anywhere in the world using a simple REST-based interface.

blob trigger:

a trigger that executes a function when a file is uploaded or updated in Azure Blob storage.

Azure App Service plan:

allows you to avoid timeout periods by having your function run continuously on a VM that you define.

SignalR:

an abstraction for a series of technologies that allows your app to enjoy two-way communication between the client and server. -connection between the client and server is persistent -SignalR handles connection management automatically, and lets you broadcast messages to all connected clients simultaneously, like a chat room. You can also send messages to specific clients.

Host keys:

apply to all functions inside the function app in terms of scope

Function keys:

are specific to a function in terms of scope

Consumption service plan:

automatic scaling and bills you when your functions are running.

Does the sending component expect the communication to be processed in a particular way by the destination component? If yes then:

choose to use a message. if no you may be able to use events.

command to open the Cloud Shell editor:

code .

You should always use ____________ to obtain the current date and time, instead of Date.now or Date.UTC.

currentUtcDateTime

Orchestrator functions:

describe how actions are executed, and the order in which they are run.

The Core Tools ___do or do not?__ validate or test your functions code during publishing.

do not Make sure to use func start to do some testing before you publish!

At-Least-Once Delivery:

each message is guaranteed delivery to at least one of the components that retrieve messages from the queue.

Durable Functions:

enables you to implement complex stateful functions in a serverless-environment.

polling-based design:

fetching changes from the server based on a timer.

Run ______ _______ to start the local functions host.

func start

Run the following command to start the Functions host silently in the background:

func start &> ~/output.txt &

What is the name of the file that contains function configuration data?:

function.json

event:

lighter weight than messages, and are most often used for broadcast communications.

Availability zones:

physically separate datacenters within an Azure region.

Stop the background functions host by running

pkill func

Suppose your Azure Function has a blob trigger associated with it and you want it to execute only when png images are uploaded. Which of the following blob trigger Path values should you use?

samples-workitems/{name}.png

Stateless logic:

state of variables does not exceed the scope of a function

When you publish, any functions already present in the target app are.....

stopped and deleted before the contents of your project are deployed. You can't combine functions from multiple projects into one app by publishing them in sequence - all of the functions you want in the app must be in one project.

We secured our function against unknown HTTP callers by requiring a function-specific API key be passed with each call. Which of the following fields is the name header in the HTTP requests that needs to contain this key?: x-functions-key x-requested-with x-csrf-token

x-functions-key

If your Authorization level is set to Admin:

you must supply a host key

CRON expression 6 fields:

{second} {minute} {hour} {day} {month} {day of the week}