B & A Complete Exam

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Find the food cost per snack if you serve 120,000 snacks, use $46,000 in food purchased, plus an additional $1,250 from existing inventory. $0.39 $0.42 $0.37 $0.43

$0.39 Feedback: Food Cost divided by the number of snacks. $46,000 + $1,250 = $47,250 divided by 120,000 = $0.393.

What is the food cost of a hamburger if FC % is 23 and the selling price is $2.39? $10.39 $0.55 $1.18 $0.65

$0.55 Feedback: food cost = selling price x FC% = $2.39 x 23% = $0.5497

What is the raw food cost of one piece of apple pie if food cost percent is 35 and $654.50 is generated from selling 187 pieces of pie? $1.225 $3.50 $1.35 $3.25

$1.225 Food Cost = Sales x Food Cost % = 654.50 x 35% = 229.075 (cost of 187 pieces) = 229.075/187= $1.225 (cost for one piece)

What is the raw food cost of one piece of apple pie if food cost percent is 35 and $654.50 is generated from selling 187 pieces of pie? $1.225 $3.50 $1.35 $3.25

$1.225 Feedback: Food Cost = Sales x Food Cost %= 654.50 x 35% = 229.075 (cost of 187 pieces)= 229.075/187= $1.225 (cost for one piece)

What is the selling price for a hamburger in your cafeteria if you operate with a 45 percent food cost and the cost of a beef pattie and bun are $0.7920? $1.76 $3.56 $1.85 $3.50

$1.76 Selling Price = Food Cost/Food Cost % = $0.7920/45% = $1.76

What is the cost of goods sold if a meal equivalent is 4.27 and 30957 meq were served: $132186.39 $132876.39 $7249.88 $7250.00

$132,186.39 $132186.39 meq is the abbreviation for meal equivalent. 30957 x $4.27 = $132186.39

If food cost percent is 33 1/3 and labor cost percent is 46 2/3, what is the prime cost selling price of an entrée whose raw food cost is $1.80 and the direct labor cost is $1.00? $2.80 $2.40 $3.00 $3.50

$3.50 Feedback: Rationale:Prime Cost Markup Factor = 100% ÷ (Food Cost % +Labor Cost%)= 100% ÷ (33 1/3% + 46 2/3%)= 100% ÷ 80%= 1.25Selling Price = FC + LC x Markup Factor= 1.80 +1.00 x 1.25= $3.50

$3.50 Prime Cost Markup Factor = 100% ÷ (Food Cost % +Labor Cost%) = 100% ÷ (33 1/3% + 46 2/3%) = 100% ÷ 80% = 1.25 Selling Price = FC + LC x Markup Factor = 1.80 +1.00 x 1.25 = $3.50

$3.50 Prime Cost Markup Factor = 100% ÷ (Food Cost % +Labor Cost%)= 100% ÷ (33 1/3% + 46 2/3%)= = 100% ÷ 80% = 1.25 Selling Price = FC + LC x Markup Factor = 1.80 +1.00 x 1.25 = $3.50

What is the cost per meal if beginning inventory is $8439.52, ending inventory is $7850.76, purchases are $20,401, and 5963 meals were served? $2.73 $3.52 $3.72 $4.09

$3.52 Feedback: Beginning inventory (8439.52) + Purchases (20401.00)= Cost of goods available (28840.52) -Ending inventory- 7850.76= Cost of goods sold (20989.76) Cost of goods sold /Number of meals = Cost/Meal 20989.76 / 5963 = $3.52

If there are 87 covers with $372.40 in total sales, what is the guest check average? $3.75 $3.92 $4.17 $4.28

$4.28 Feedback: Average sale = Total sales ÷ Covers or number of guest checks Average sale = $372.40 ÷ 87 Average sale = $4.28

A business pays 4% of its income for rent ($1,200), 70% towards labor and food costs, and $2,500 towards other expenses monthly. How much profit does this business make per month? $6,000 $4,200 $5,300 $7,200

$5,300 $1,200 divided by 4% = $30,000 total income. 70% of $30,000 = $21,000 in labor Income-expenses of labor, rent, food=profit 30,000-(21,000 + 1200 + 2500)=5,300

If sales are $13,453; COGS are $7,450; labor and other expenses are $4,375;what is the gross profit? $1,628 $13,453 $6,003 $9,078

$6,003 Feedback: $6,003 Gross profit is sales minus cost of goods sold (COGS).13,453- 7,450= $6,003

What is the break-even point of Sarah's restaurant given the following data: Fixed costs = $28,000, Variable cost = $60,000, Sales = $100,000? $40,000 $12,000 $70,000 $75,000

$70,000 BEP = FC ÷ (1 - (VC ÷ Sales)) BEP = $28,000 ÷ (1 - ($60,000 ÷ $100,000)) BEP = $28,000 ÷ (1 - $0.60) BEP = $28,000 ÷ $0.40BEP = $70,000

At what age can an infant or child be put on whole milk? 4-6 months 1 year 2 years 3 years

1 year Feedback: Nonfat, 1% and 2% milk are not recommended in the first 2 years. The use of even whole milk is discouraged in the first year (breast milk or formula are preferred) of life, partially because it contributes to anemia. Whole milk may be introduced from ages 1 to 2 and be replaced by reduced fat milk at the age of two

The renal threshold, the point at which the tubules reach their tubular maximum for glucose, is: 200-260 mg/dl 160-200 mg/dl 120-180 mg/dl 180-240 mg/dl

160-200 mg/dl Feedback: Rationale: Kidney tubule cells have a limited capacity to reabsorb glucose. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (160-200 mg/dl), the tubules reach their tubular maximum for glucose. Additional glucose cannot be reabsorbed and glucose is excreted in the urine.

Using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation, calculate the REE for the following outpatient:Ht: 5'10" Wt: 185# Age: 67 Sex: Male 1616 kcalories 1621kcalories 2281 kcalories

1621kcalories REE= 10(wt in kg)+ 6.25 (ht in cm)-5 age) + 5 REE=10(84 kg)+ 6.25(177.8 cm) - 5(67 yrs) + 5 REE= 840 + 1111.25 - 335 + 5 = 1621.25

The Carbohydrate Group contributes how many grams of carbohydrate for one exchange each: starch, fruit, vegetable and milk respectively? 15, 15, 5 and 15 15, 15, 5 and 12 15, 12, 5 and 12 12, 15, 5 and 15

15, 15, 5 and 12 Feedback: The starch exchange contains 3 g protein, 15 g carbohydrate and up to 1 g fat, and averages 80 kcal per serving. The fruit exchange contains 15 g carbohydrate and averages 60 kcal per serving. The vegetable exchange is estimated to contain 2 g protein, 5 g carbohydrate and 25 kcal. The milk exchange contains 8 g protein and 12 g carbohydrate with 0-8 g fat depending on subcategory.

A post-surgical patient is on the following IV fluids (IVF): 125cc/hr of D5W. How many grams of carbohydrate and total kcal are provided in a 24-hour period? 510 grams CHO and 50 kcal 150 grams CHO and 510 kcal 15 grams CHO and 51 kcal 50 grams CHO and 510 kcal

150 grams CHO and 510 kcal Feedback: Total volume = 125cc x 24 hrs = 3000cc (3L) D5W = 50 grams carbohydrate (dextrose) per L 3L x 50 grams = 150 grams CHO x 3.4 kcal/gram = 510 kcal

How many FTE's will it take to staff 12 positions, 8 hours a day, 7 days a week? 2.4 96 16.8 1.98

16.8 Feedback: Rationale: 12 positions x 8 hours x 7 days = 672 hours 672 ÷ 40 = 16.8 FTE's

If the President or Governor does not sign the bill in _____ , it becomes a law automatically. 24 hours 10 days 5 working days during the session

10 days Rationale: The bill becomes a law if the President or Governor does not sign it in 10 days.

The patient has a severe acute pancreatitis with nausea and vomiting, and requires 2500 kcal per day. Which regime would the dietitian recommend? 1000 cc of D50 W, 1000 cc of 7% amino acids and 600 cc of 20% lipids 1200 cc of 2 kcal/cc nasogastic tube feeding 1000 cc of D50 W, 1000 cc of 7% amino acids and 500 cc of 10% lipids

1000 cc of D50 W, 1000 cc of 7% amino acids and 500 cc of 10% lipids Feedback: Tube feeding is not feasible to the stomach due to nausea and vomiting. Feeding into the small bowel would not be recommended in a patient with severe pancreatitis. The closest to the calorie requirement is c. 2530 kcal. 100 x .50 = 500 g dextrose 500 x 3.4 kcal/g = 1700 kcal 1000 x .07 = 70g 70 x 4 kcal/g = 280 kcal 500 x 1.1 kcal/ml = 550 kcal Total 2530 kcal/day.

Folate is important in the prevention of neural tube defects. The requirement for pregnancy is 600ug per day. What is the upper limit for women over 19? 800 ug 1000 ug 900 ug 1200 ug

1000 ug

A 60-kg female intensive care patient requires ventilator support and total parenteral nutrition support. Calculate the glucose utilization rate of the following nutrition support regimen: TPN (35% dextrose, 3.5% aminosyn ) at 125cc/hour. 0.2 mg/kg/min 10.01 mg/kg/min 12.1 mg/kg/min 72.9 mg/kg/min

12.1 mg/kg/min Feedback: Total volume = 125cc x 24 hours = 3000cc ( 3L ) Total CHO = 3L x 350 grams CHO/L = 1050 gms CHO x 1000 = 1,050,000 mg CHO Need to get the final answer in the correct units of mg/kg/min: 24 hours/day and 60 minutes per hour = 1440 x 60 kg = 86,400kg/min 1,050,000 mg / 86,400 kg/min = 12.1 mg/kg/min

A seven-day-a-week foodservice operation schedules 2 FT cooks, 4 FT salad/dessert preps, 20 hours in the dishroom, and 6 hours clerical support daily. How many FTEs are needed: 9 12.95 6.4 7

12.95 Feedback: Add the total number of hours scheduled daily. Multiply by seven to determine the number of hours in a week. Divide by 40 to get FTEs. One FTE will work 40 hours in one week. 16 hours cooks 32 hours salad/dessert 20 hours dishroom 6 hours clerical 74 hours per day X 7 = 518 hours/week 518 divided by 40 = 12.95

A hospice patient at home is on bolus enteral feeding following surgery for esophageal cancer. The patient's spouse provides the bolus feeding three times a day with 400cc of product followed by 100cc free water flush. The enteral product is 1.06 kcal/cc; how many kcal is this patient receiving in 24 hours? 1272 kcal 1200 kcal 1590 kcal 2400 kcal

1272 kcal Feedback: Total volume = 400cc x 3 = 1200cc per dayTotal kcal = 1200cc x 1.06 kcal/cc = 1272kcal

Calculate the ideal body weight for a 5' 8\" female and 5' 8\" male, respectively 145# and 148# 145# and 154# 140# and 148# 140# and 154#

140# and 154# Feedback: A female ideal body weight = 100# at 5' and 5# for each inch above' A male ideal body weight = 106# at 5' and 6# for each inch above IBW for 5'8\" female = 140# IBW for 5'8\" male = 154#

Iron can interfere with zinc and copper. What is the recommendation for women taking over 30 mg of iron a day? 15 mg of zinc and 2 mg of copper as supplement eating an additional ounce of meat and 4 oz. of orange juice 10 mg of zinc and 2 mg of copper 12 mg of zinc and 10 mg of copper as supplement

15 mg of zinc and 2 mg of copper as supplement

A 76 year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of CVA. The speech pathologist recommends the patient remain strict NPO, based on the results of a modified barium swallow. The clinical dietitian recommends enteral feeding by way of a nasogastric tube. The product is 85% free water and is at a rate of 75cc per hour. The nursing staff is providing 100 cc free water flush every 8 hours. What is the total fluid volume? 1830cc 1530cc 453cc 1730cc

1830cc Total volume = 75cc x 24 hours = 1800cc Free water from the tube feeding = 1800cc x 0.85 = 1530cc Free water flush of 100cc per every 8 hrs = 100 x 3 = 300 Total Free Water = 1830

At what age can an infant or child be put on reduced-fat milk? 4-6 months 1 year 2 years 3 years

2 years Feedback: Rationale: Nonfat, 1%, and 2% milk are not recommended in the first 2 years. The use of even whole milk is discouraged in the first year of life (breast milk or formula are recommended for the first year), partially because it contributes to anemia. Whole milk may be introduced from ages 1 to 2 and be replaced by reduced-fat milk at the age of two.

What is the ROI for a computer system that costs $225,000 to purchase and install that is predicted to save 2.5 FTE's at $15/hour plus $20,000/year in food cost? 2.73 years 2.30 years 17 months 3 years

2.30 years Feedback: Rationale: ROI (Return on Investment) is how long it will take for the computer system to pay for itself. Savings: $20,000 food; 2.5 FTE x $15 x 40 hrs in a week x 52 weeks = $78,000 $20,000 + $78,000 = $98,000/year $225,000 ÷ $98,000 = 2.2959 or 2.30 years

How many meals were served per labor hour if 34 F.T.E. produced 3,800 meals in one 40 hour week? 2.79 0.05 1.12 025

2.79 Feedback: Number of F.T.E. times 40 = number of hours, number of meals divided by the number of hours gives you the number of meals served per labor hour.34 F.T.E.s x 40 hours = 1360 hours.3800 meals/ 1360 hours = 2.79 meals per labor hour

A 76-year-old female resides in an extended care facility. Given the following information, calculate her fluid needs. Ht.: 66"; wt.:146#; frame type: small. 1900 ml/day 2000 ml/day 2400 ml/day 3000 ml/day

2000 ml/day Feedback: B - Rationale: The facility must provide each resident with sufficient fluid intake to maintain proper hydration and health. A general guideline for determining baseline daily fluid needs is to multiply the resident's body weight in kilograms by 30 cc, except for residents with renal or cardiac distress.

2000 ml/day Rationale: The facility must provide each resident with sufficient fluid intake to maintain proper hydration and health. A general guideline for determining baseline daily fluid needs is to multiply the resident's body weight in kilograms by 30 cc, except for residents with renal or cardiac distress.

You are going to conduct an intake survey at the high school for 300 students. Which tool would be most effective? 3 day food records 24-hour recall food frequency checklist diet history interviews

24-hour recall Feedback: The 24-hour recall provides data for one day only and is commonly used in nutrition surveys to obtain estimates of the typical food intake of large numbers of people in given populations.

In planning the amount of roast beef needed for serving 450, 6-ounce portions, the food production manager knows that the losses for trimming and roasting roast are pproximately 37%. How much as AP (as purchased) roast beef will the production manager need to purchase to provide the needed portions? 312 lbs 304 lbs 294 lbs 267 lbs

267 lbs 450 servings x 6 ounces = 2700 ounces 2700 ounces/16 + 168.75 or 168.75 or 169 lbs. EP 100% - 37% = 63% yield of roast beef 169 / .63 = 267 lbs.

267 lbs 450 servings x 6 ounces = 2700 ounces/16 + 168.75 or 168.75 or 169 lbs. EP 100% - 37% = 63% yield of roast beef 169 / .63 = 267 lbs.

Historical data tells you that when chicken and roast beef are on the menu together, 65% will order chicken and 35% will order roast beef. How many portions need to be prepared for 425 people? 276 chicken, 149 beef 149 chicken, 276 beef 280 chicken, 160 beef 225 chicken, 200 beef

276 chicken, 149 beef Feedback: Rationale:Once the popularity index or acceptance rate is determined, multiply the total number of servings needed by the percentage.425 x 65% = 276.25 chicken 425 x 35% = 148.75 beef

The recommended range for the glucose utilization rate of a parenteral solution is: 8 to 10 mg/kg/min 6 to 8 mg/kg/min 2 to 6 mg/kg/min 4 to 6 mg/kg/min

4 to 6 mg/kg/min Feedback: The maximum tolerance of glucose is 0.36 g dextrose/kg/hr which is equivalent to a range of 4 to 6 mg/kg/min.

An elderly female patient in long-term care is on an enteral feeding. The nursing staff reports the patient is febrile with a present temperature of 102.6 F. How much should the R.D. adjust the kcalorie requirements? 52% 25% 7% 28%

28% Feedback: Must know the following formulas: BMR rises 7% for each degree the body temperature rises above 98.6 F. BMR rises 13% for each degree the body temperature rises above 37 C. The patient's present temperature = 102.6 F - 98.6 F = 4.0

A 5'7" female client weighs 185 pounds. Her BMI is: 49.4 29.1 23.2 32.7

29.1 Rationale: Method 1:BMI = weight in kg/height in (M)2185 pounds/2.2 kg per pound = 84 kg67" X 2.54 cm per " = 170 cm per /100cm/M = 1.7 M84 kg/(1.7 M)2 = 84/2.89 = 29.1 Method 2:BMI = weight in pounds X 705/height in (inches)2185 pounds X 705 = 130425130425/(67 inches)2 = 130425/4489 = 29.1

The February income statement shows that 2450 meals were served with $7616 paid in labor. What is the labor cost per meal for February? 3.19 3.11 0.321 3.21

3.11 Feedback: Rationale: Labor Cost/Meal $7616/2450 meals = 3.1085

If your organization used 4.4 FTE's to produce 2700 meals in September, calculate meals/labor hour. 3.58 15.3 118.8 4.4

3.58 Rationale: Labor hours/week: 4.4 x 40 = 176 hrs Meals/week: 2700 ÷ 30 (days in September) x 7 (days in week) = 630 meals Meals/labor hour: 630 ÷ 176 = 3.579

An isotonic enteral feeding solution has a known osmolality of: 500 mOsm/L 600 mOsm/L 300 mOsm/L 200 mOsm/L

300 mOsm/L Feedback: Rationale: Total serum osmolality is about 300 mOsm/L.

In a normal distribution, what proportion of data lies either one standard deviation above or below the mean? 95% 99.7% 68% 34%

34% Feedback: When the distribution of scores are normal (normal distribution or \"bell-shaped\" curve) there are about 3 SD's above and 3 SD's below the mean. The 68-95-99.7% rule demonstrates that 34% of the data falls one standard deviation above the mean, and 34% of the data falls one standard deviation below the mean (68% total).

A patient has a stage IV decubitus ulcer and a serum albumin of 2.8 mg/dl. Which of the following would be included in the nutrition care plan? high kcal, moderate protein, vitamin D, and magnesium supplements 30-35 calories/kg BW, protein 1.0-1.5 g/kg BW, vitamin K, and zinc supplements 35-40 calories/kg BW, protein 1.75-2.0 g/kg BW, 30-33 cc/kg BW, MVI+zinc 25-30 calories/kg BW, protein 1.5-2.0 g/kg BW, and selenium supplements

35-40 calories/kg BW, protein 1.75-2.0 g/kg BW, 30-33 cc/kg BW, MVI+zinc Feedback: Rationale: A decubitus ulcer is a localized area of tissue necrosis caused by pressure over a bony site of the body. Protein and kilocalorie needs are increased in the individual with decubitus ulcers. Intake of vitamin C, vitamin A, and zinc should be monitored.

In a hospital with 300 patients, it takes 14 minutes to prepare one meal. How many F.T.E. are needed for one week? 12.50 36.75 46.1 15.75

36.75 Feedback: 14 min per meal x 3 meals per day = 42 min per day for each meal x 7 days per week = 294 min per week for each tray. 294 min x 300 patients = 88,200 the total minues used in one week. Divide by 60 to get the number of hours used = 14,700. The number of hours divided by 40 (1 F.T.E.) = 36.7.

The hospital food buyer has been advised that the average cost of turkey breast will increase by 12% during the upcoming fiscal year. The buyer knows that turkey breast represents 40% of his current year cost. How much will the overall food cost increase as a result of the 12% increase in the cost of turkey breast? 18.6% 14% 11.6% 4.8%

4.8% Feedback: Rational: 12% x 40% = .12 x .40 = .0048 or 4.8% overall increase in food cost.

The daily usage of stewed tomatoes in a city school district is 7 cases of #10 cans. The foodservice department has 43 cases on hand and has a desired minimum inventory level of 12 cases at all times. When ordering stewed tomatoes from the supplier, it takes four days to receive the order. What is the minimum inventory level order point for purchasing stewed tomatoes by the school district? 40 cases 34 cases 24 cases 12 cases

40 cases Feedback: Rational: Desired minimum inventory level: 12 cases Four day lead time usage of stewed tomatoes: 28 cases Minimum inventory level order point: 40 cases

The food temperature danger zone is:

40°F to 135°F Feedback: Most food microorganisms grow well between 40°F to 135°F. This range is known as the food temperature danger zone.

A critical care patient is placed on an elemental formula. A nasogastric tube is placed and the tube feeding is initiated at one-half strength @35cc/hour. The product has 1.0 kcal/cc and 0.045 grams protein/cc. How many kcal and grams protein are provided per 24 hours? 840 kcal and 38 grams protein 420 kcal and 19 grams protein 840 kcal and 19 grams protein 420 kcal and 38 grams protein

420 kcal and 19 grams protein Total volume = 35cc per hour x 24 hours = 840 cc The tube feeding is one-half strength: 840 / 2 = 420 cc of elemental product the remainder is distilled water to dilute the product to one-half strength 420cc x 1.0 kcal/cc = 420 kcal 420cc x 0.045 grams protein/cc = 18.9 grams = 19 grams

Dry storage temperatures should be within the range of: 40°F to 60°F 50°F to 70°F 60°F to 80°F 70°F to 90°F

50°F to 70°F Feedback: Dry storage temperatures should be cool, within a range of 50°F to 70°F.

Mr Q had recently completed a 12 week Diabetes Education course at the local hospital. He then had his labs rechecked. Which of the following labs suggest adherence to the principles learned ? 6.2 % 7.2 % 8.0 % 9.7 %

6.2 % Feedback: Rationale: American Diabetes Association's goal for treatment is people with Diabetes is < 7%.

A cookie recipe calls for one cup of butter; you will be using shortening instead. How much shortening should you use: 7/8 cup 1 cup cannot make this substitution 1-1/8 cup

7/8 cup Feedback: You would use 7/8 cup because shortening is 100% fat, while butter is 80%. Therefore, less shortening is needed to provide the same amount of fat.

A 6'1" male has bilateral below-knee amputations. What is his adjusted ideal body weight?Weight estimation in amputees: (This information would be provided to you.)Foot: 2% Lower leg, below knee: 6% Lower leg, above knee: 9%. 78.6 kg 76.9 kg 73.6 kg 71.9 kg

73.6 kg Feedback: Rationale:IBW = 184 pounds/2.2 kg per pound = 83.6 kg 0.06 + 0.06 = 0.12 (6% for each leg amputated) 83.6 kg x 0.12 = 10.03 kg 83.6 kg - 10.03 kg = 73.57 kg

A patient having undergone extensive gastrointestinal surgery is assessed by the clinical dietitian with the following nutrition support recommendations: TPN (25% dextrose, 5% amino acids) at 75cc/hour and 500cc of 10% lipids daily. How many grams of protein and total kcal are provided in a 24-hour period? 16 grams protein and 1890 kcal 90 grams protein and 1890 kcal 90 grams protein and 2440 kcal 9 grams protein and 2440 kcal

90 grams protein and 2440 kcal Total volume = 75cc x 24 hrs = 1800cc (1.8L) 25% dextrose = 250 grams CHO per L 5% amino acids = 50 grams protein per L 1.8 L x 250 grams CHO = 450 grams CHO x 3.4 = 1530 kcal 1.8 L x 50 grams protein = 90 grams protein x 4 kcal per gram = 360 kcal 500cc 10% lipids x 1.1 kcal/cc = 550 kcal Total kcal = 2440

The average coefficient of digestibility of protein is: 100% 95% 92% 90%

92% Feedback: Rationale: A representative average figure, called the coefficient of digestibility, is used to express the proportion of an ingested nutrient that ultimately becomes available to the body cells. carbohydrates = 98%; fat = 95%; protein = 92%.

The following: black children have the highest rate of low birth weight and anemia were findings of: N Hanes I BRFSS WLPS PedNss

PedNss

How much protein is recommended for a person receiving hemodialysis twice weekly? 0.6-.08 gm/kg/IBW > 1.2gm/kg/IBW 0.6-0.75 gm/kg/IBW >1.2 - 1.3 gm/kg/IBW

> 1.2gm/kg/IBW

How much protein is recommended for a person receiving hemodialysis twice weekly? 0.6-.08 gm/kg/IBW > 1.2gm/kg/IBW 0.6-0.75 gm/kg/IBW >1.2 - 1.3 gm/kg/IBW

> 1.2gm/kg/IBW The protein requirement recommended for people undergoing hemodialysis is >1.2 gm/kg/IBW.

Flavor is termed organoleptic because it is determined by A blending of mouth feel and smell The taste buds on the tongue A combination of taste and texture A blending of odor and taste

A blending of odor and taste

Which of the following is a cost-benefit analysis? For every $200 spent on nutrition counseling of pre-natal participants, an average of 1.2 fewer days hospitalization is required. A pre-natal program spends $200 per participant on nutrition counseling, which results in reduced medical costs of $800. For every $200 spent on nutrition counseling of pre-natal participants, the average weight of babies increases by 18%. A pre-natal program spends $200 per participant on nutrition counseling, another spends $75 dollars per participant on group counseling.

A pre-natal program spends $200 per participant on nutrition counseling, which results in reduced medical costs of $800. Cost-benefit analysis examines program outcomes in terms of money saved or reduced cost. This example could be expressed as a cost-benefit ratio of 1:4. For every one dollar required to produce the program, there is a four-dollar savings in medical costs. These savings are expressed in monetary terms, i.e. dollars saved. Cost effectiveness is often used to compare alternative methods of intervention.

When a patient has gastric resection they may need the following supplement: B12 vitamin B6 zinc copper

B12 Feedback: The post gastrectomy diet needs to consider iron, folic acid, and B12 because B12 can not be absorbed without the intrinsic factor which is synthesized in the stomach

Which of the following would increase an individual's risk of CHD? LDL of 130 Total cholesterol of 198 HDL of 49 BMI of 33

BMI of 33 Feedback: A person with a BMI of greater than 30 is considered obese. As BMI increases, the risk of developing CHD increases also.

Food service personnel are becoming concerned about an intoxication that can result in diarrhea or vomiting; it is found in foods considered to be safe such as dry food mixes, spices, rice, etc. Contamination occurs from the soil in most cases. This is: listeria Bacillus cereus shigella E. coli

Bacillus cereus Feedback: Rationale: Bacillus cereus is found in dry foods that have been contaminated by the soil. Time and temperature are very important in prevention.

A valuable resource for promoting healthy eating and physical activity behaviors in children is: WIC Child Care Nutrition Bright Futures My Pyramid for kids

Bright Futures Feedback: Bright Futures publications are developmentally based guidelines for health supervision and address the physical, mental, cognitive and social development of infants, children, adolescents and their families.

The program that was designed for non-profit non-residential day care facilities is: Head start Program Migrant Program Child and Adult Care Food Program National School Lunch Program

Child and Adult Care Food Program The CACFP funded by USDA provides nutrition education and partial reimbursement for meals and snacks

Which of the following statements would be placed in the Intervention section of a PGIE charting note? Unintentional weight loss related to prolonged nausea and emesis Lab results show hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia Client following prescribed meal plan; no follow-up visit needed Client will eat lunch 5 days a week in the senior center to improve socialization and appetite

Client will eat lunch 5 days a week in the senior center to improve socialization and appetite Feedback: Nutrition intervention is a specific activity used to address the problem; a planned action designed with a goal of changing a behavior or risk factor

What is the difference in pudding made with egg substitute instead of whole egg? More tender and less moisture Coagulation temperature is lower Not as firm

Coagulation temperature is lower Egg white congeals at a lower temperature than egg yolk, 140 degrees for whites, 149 for yolks

Ms Z. is a 27 year old female who has history of Hypertension. She is 5 feet 4 inches. She weighs 56 kg.What nutritional information might be appropriate for this patient? high fiber diet cardiac diet appropriate nutritional supplements Dash diet.

Dash diet. Feedback: Rationale: This patient is at normal weight. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to STOP Hypertension)Diet has been recommended for use in preventing and controlling Hypertension.

A program that provides nutrition education to persons with incomes at or below 125 percent of poverty level who have children under 19 years of age: Net EFNEP EPSDT WIC

EFNEP Feedback: Reason: The expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program is the source of the above program.

Which fatty acid has been shown to be most effective for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia? EPA palmitic acid linoleic acid elaidic acid

EPA Feedback: The primary omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) have been found to significantly lower triglyceride levels. Both palmitic acid, a SFA, and elaidic acid, a trans-fatty acid, are hypercholesterolemic.

A program designed to improve the health status of low-income children by providing healthcare services is: Medicare WIC Team Nutrition EPSDT

EPSDT Feedback: EPSDT, a Medicaid program, focuses on the health status of children from low-income families.

What does EP mean as used in a recipe? Edible portion Evaluating preparation Each portion Equivalent purchasing

Edible portion Feedback: Rational: The weight of fresh fruits and vegetables are "as purchased" (AP). After trimming and/or peeling. The resulting weight is the Edible portion. (EP) If you used did not take into consideration the waste factor when ordering, you would likely not have enough product.

Which foodborne pathogen is more of a concern in ground meat than solid-muscle meats such as steaks? Campylobacter jejuni Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Norwalk virus Cryptosporidium

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Feedback: Rationale: E. coli is found on the surface of meat and is killed when cuts of meat such as steak are grilled. Grinding meat transfers the bacteria from the surface to the inside of the product, making E. coli more difficult to kill.

If you are concerned about possible food contamination, it would be safer to eat a steak than a hamburger because of what bacteria? Campylobacter jejuni Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Norwalk virus cryptosporidium

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Feedback: E. coli is found on the surface of meat and is killed when cuts of meat such as steak are grilled. Grinding meat transfers the bacteria from the surface to the inside of the product, making E. coli more difficult to kill.

Which one of the following is NOT among J. Edward Deming's 14 points of guidance for improvement? Institute vigorous program of education and training. Constantly improve production and service Establish numerical goals for the work force Cease dependence on mass production

Establish numerical goals for the work force Deming's theory promotes elimination of work standards and numerical quotas. More than 7 of his 14 points focus on employees including modern training and modern methods of supervision. Deming theory promotes driving out fear and breaking down barriers between departments.

Which of the following is an appropriate PES statement? Excessive Mineral intake(Potassium) as evidenced by poor food choices as related to hyperkalemia Excessive Mineral Intake (Potassium) as related to: poor food choices as evidenced by: hyperkalemia Excessive Mineral Intake (Potassium) as related to hyperkalemia (K+ 6.1) as evidenced by poor food choices Excessive Mineral Intake (Potassium) as evidenced by hyperkalemia(K+ 6.1), poor food choices and cardiac arrhythmia

Excessive Mineral Intake (Potassium) as related to: poor food choices as evidenced by: hyperkalemia

A dialysis patient presents with shortness of breath, chest pain, recent wt gain of 8 kg, Bun 49, Na 132, alb. 3.5The most appropriate nutrition diagnosis would be: Excessive fluid intake Inadequate protein intake Intake of unsafe foods Inadequate mineral intake

Excessive fluid intake Feedback: Rationale: The symptoms of fluid overload or excessive fluid intake include: SOB, excessive interdialytic wt gains (>3kg), hyponatremia. Albumin is fluid labile and decreases in fluid overload.

A single mother has no money to feed her three children, which would be the quickest source of food: Food Bank commodities WIC NET

Food Bank Feedback: Reason: NET provides education to school personal. It does not provide food. WIC has age and risk criteria. Commodities are issued at varying intervals. Food bank would be the fastest source

What agency would publish a report comparing the incidence of food borne illness in restaurants and homes? USDA FDA Center for Disease Control National restaurant society

FDA Feedback: Rationale: The CDC prepares summaries annually of statistics regarding food borne illness but the FDA reports the findings.

The Food Additives Amendment requires all of the following except: manufactures to test additives for safety GRAS listed additives to be used without testing FDA to provide chronic tests FDA approval before use in food products

FDA to provide chronic tests

Before a law goes into effect it has to have regulations that detail how the law is to be implemented. These regulations are published in the: Federal Register Congressional Record White House Journal House Agenda

Federal Register When the bill is introduced, the bill's title is entered in the Congressional Journal and printed in the Congressional Record. The regulations are published in the Federal Register

All of the following are objective qualities of cake except: Volume Moisture Flavor Texture

Flavor

Which one of the following is NOT an effective method for reducing foodservice labor cost? Computerized time clock Up to date job analysis Established work production standards Flex scheduling

Flex scheduling Feedback: Rational: Foodservice with specific meal times does not lend itself to flex scheduling, while the other options are effective methods for reducing labor costs in a foodservice operation.

Which one of the following terminology is NOT associated with Total Quality Management (TQM?) Continual improving process Empowerment Benchmarking Forecasting methods

Forecasting methods Feedback: Rational: Forecasting methods is a control process which forecast the number of customers served and number of food times served. There many terms unique to TQM to be learned.

Due to budget cutbacks, major changes are needed in the services currently provided by the clinical staff that you manage. To determine which changes should be made, you could discuss the options with your boss and have him decide analyze the data available to you and make the least painful decisions cut services that are under utilized form a group representing all impacted areas (nursing, out-patient clinics, etc.) and allow the group to come to a joint decision

Form a group representing all impacted areas (nursing, out-patient clinics, etc.) and allow the group to come to a joint decision Feedback: Rationale: Complex decisions require specialized skill and technical backgrounds for sound decisions that a single individual probably does not possess. Groups in these situations will give a balanced analysis and support to implementing the final plan.

Employees who are willing to follow this man's approach to productivity, \"one best way,\" as learned from time and motion studies, were able to increase their pay as production increased: Fredrick Taylor Henry Ganett Henri Fayol John Hawthorne

Fredrick Taylor Feedback: The principles mentioned above belong to the scientific theories of Fredrick Taylor.

BRFSS data used to evalulate trends in the country. Data includes : Fresh fruit and vegetable intake 24 hour recall Lab values Height and weight data

Fresh fruit and vegetable intake Feedback: The STEPS program is designed to help Americans live longer lives. The programs are community driven. Eleven communities were awarded grants to fight obesity, DM, and asthma.

The FDA is in which governmental department? DOD USDA HHS DHS

HHS

The advantage of individuals consuming a vegetarian diet is that they: have lower mortality from colon cancer have higher incidence of breast cancer have increased mortality from lung cancer are inclined to have higher blood glucose levels

Have lower mortality from colon cancer Feedback: This group of vegetarians has lower rates of mortality from colon cancer. Their diet is high in fiber, low fat, with lots of fruits and vegetables, which may improve their carbohydrate metabolism resulting in lower glucose levels.

Which program serves meals family style and introduces new foods with an activity first? Nutrition Program for the Elderly Head Start School Breakfast Summer Foodservice for Children

Head Start Feedback: As well as allowing children to choose the amounts of food they want, Head Start exposes children to many new foods.

_______ was established to provide low-income preschool children services to meet educational, emotional, health, nutritional and psychological needs. School Lunch Day Care Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) Head Start

Head Start Feedback: Head Start is administered by DHHS and provides comprehensive developmental services to low-income children

What program contains the nation's health objectives? Healthy People Red Cross Supplemental Nutrition Program World Health Organization

Healthy People Feedback: Reason: Congregate center meals are free to those over sixty. There are no income guidelines for this program.

Which of the following methods of heat transfer involves the use of electrical magnetic fields? conduction convection radiation induction

Induction Induction is the use of electrical magnetic fields to excite the molecules of metal cooking surfaces.

Choose the PES statement that is written according to guidelines: Significant weight loss RT failure to delivery enteral feeding as ordered AEB nausea, vomiting and diarrhea for the past 3 days Unavoidable weight loss RT intolerance to enteral formula as AEB 6 pound loss in 2 weeks Improper enteral formula RT diarrhea AEB 3 pound weight loss in 2 days Involuntary weight loss RT inadequate provision of energy by enteral products AEB 6 pound weight loss over the past month

Involuntary weight loss RT inadequate provision of energy by enteral products AEB 6 pound weight loss over the past month Feedback: D is the only answer utilizing terminology approved for nutrition diagnosing. Involuntary weight loss is NC-3.2 under Clinical.

The most prevalent form of malnutrition worldwide is: chronically hungry Vitamin A deficiency Iron deficiency Iodine deficiency

Iron deficiency Feedback: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent affecting an estimated 1.6 billion people.

In a small operation food goes directly to the unit that uses it. In a large operation, the process used to supply food to the individual units that use it is called: issuing delivery preparation inventory

Issuing Feedback: Issuing is the process used to supply food to production units after it has been received. Direct issues are those purchases that go directly to production after being received. Food that goes to storage after receiving is called storeroom issues.

Deep and gasping respirations, as developed in acute diabetic ketoacidosis, are called: hyperpnea Kussmaul respirations dyspnea Lamaze respirations

Kussmaul respirations Blood pH drops as a result of the ketone bodies developed in DKA. As blood pH drops, respiration is stimulated ( hyperpnea ) to excrete carbon dioxide and becomes progressively more labored ( dyspnea ) and eventually, deep and gasping ( Kussmaul respirations ).

Which of the following lipoproteins is considered most atherogenic in the absence of familial cholesterolemia? VLDL HDL LDL chylomicrons

LDL Feedback: VLDL is made up of Triglycerides and their role in atherogenesis is uncertain. LDL are the primary transporters of cholesterol in the blood and elevation of LDL is associated with coronary risk. Source: Karuase's Food and the Nutrition Care Process

Different sugars dissolved in water have varying degrees of sweetness. Which is the least sweet? Sucrose Glucose Fructose Lactose

Lactose Feedback: The correct answer is "lactose". Hydroxyl groups give sugars the sweet taste. The following is a list of the sugars in the above question, in order of least sweet to most sweet: lactose glucose sucrose fructose

Mr G is a 55 year old male. His medical problems include a 15 year history of NIDDM, CAD, HTN and hyperlipidemia. He is 5'9" and weights 206 pounds. After reviewing the results of his most recent blood and urine laboratory results, the Dr. tells Mr. G that he has Stage II CKD. What dietary suggestions would be appropriate for Mr. G at this time? Limit protein to 0.6 gm/kg/body wt Limit sodium and saturated fats in diet; keep protein at 12-15% of total calorie intake, moderate calorie intake. Try Adkins diet (high protein,low carbohydrate) for 3 months to facilitate weight loss to improve Diabetes control. Limit fluids and sodium and diet; keep protein at 12-15% of total calorie intake, low calorie diet.

Limit sodium and saturated fats in diet; keep protein at 12-15% of total calorie intake, moderate calorie intake. Rationale: Protein is recommended to be kept at 12-15% of total calorie intake for Stages I, II, III of CKD.In the DCCT data, good blood sugar control was found to be more important than protein restriction to delaying the onset of kidney failure in Type 1 DM.

The cause of an outbreak of a foodborne illness was traced to unpasteurized milk; symptoms included fever, nausea, headache. The likely source is: salmonella shigella Listeria monocytogenes Bacillus cereus

Listeria monocytogenes Feedback: Listeria monocytogenes is the bacterium responsible for listeriosis and is widely distributed in nature. Among other foods, listeriosis has been linked to consumption of un-pasteurized milk and soft cheeses such as Brie and Camembert.

The cause of an outbreak of a foodborne illness was traced to Brie cheese. What bacterium is probably responsible? salmonella shigella Listeria monocytogenes Bacillus cereus

Listeria monocytogenes Feedback: Rationale: Listeria monocytogenes is the bacterium responsible for listeriosis and is widely distributed in nature. Among other foods, listeriosis has been linked to consumption of soft cheeses such as Brie and Camembert.

The manager of a deli is looking for beef to use for barbecue. How can he determine the best product to meet his needs? Cook several sample products Ask butcher for advice Look for the grade of beef to meet his need Use price as a guide

Look for the grade of beef to meet his need Feedback: Grades enable consumers to purchase the desired quality.

The gradual browning of a loaf of bread during baking is due to: caramelization Maillard reaction reduction oxidation

Maillard reaction Feedback: Maillard reaction is browning of reducing sugars at temperatures used in baking. The reaction progresses slowly. Caramelization progresses very fast once the correct temperature is reached (as in making peanut brittle).

What process in a food service operation includes products, pricing, employees, décor and service? Leveraging Internal controls Marketing Operation analysis

Marketing Feedback: Rational: Marketing involves finding out what your customers want, giving it to them so that you make a profit.

Researchers investigating ways to increase productivity made many changes to the environments of the workplace; these changes made no significant change in productivity. They found employees reacted to the psychological and social conditions at work. These studies were conducted by: Mayo Maslow McClelland Herzberg

Mayo

Low serum copper and ceruplasmin levels are found in which one of the following inherited conditions? hemochromatosis Menkes' kinky hair syndrome Wilson's disease Grave's disease

Menkes' kinky hair syndrome Menkes\' kinky hair syndrome results from defective absorption of copper, abnormal transport of copper and an increased excretion of copper within urine.

Which of the following has been found to be associated with visceral obesity? The Set Point Theory Wilson's Disease Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome Feedback: Rationale: Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are associated with visceral obesity. This group of disorders has been described as Metabolic Syndrome

Grapefruit juice increases the bioavailability of which drug? Coumadin Mevacor Marplan Methotrexate

Mevacor Feedback: Rationale: Excessive intake of grapefruit juice may increase blood levels of calcium channel blockers and some cholesterol-lowering drugs (Mevacor, Zocor, and Lipitor).

Mrs K is a 82 year old woman, who has been receiving hemodialysis for 17 months. Her most recent labs include: albumin 3.7, phosphorus 5.8, potassium 3.9, magnesium 3.0, calcium 8.5, HbA1c 7.1%. Her average interdialytic weight gains -2.7kg, She is currently complaining of constipation Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate suggestion for this patient? Milk of magnesia Metamucil Fibercon Docusate

Milk of magnesia Magnesium balance is normally controlled by the kidneys. High levels of magnesium are generally caused by an exogenous source in this population. (i.e...OTC laxatives/antacids, such as Maalox, Milk of Magnesia)

What is required to achieve the best success in marketing a foodservice cafeteria? Market segmentation Customers Quality control Mission statement

Mission statement Feedback: Rational: A mission statement is a statement of purpose which incorporates the ideas of what a company wants to offer their customers.

Nutrition education for health promotion is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the: heart smart diet exchange system Recommended Dietary Allowances MyPlate

MyPlate

A single mother has no money to feed her three children. Which would be the least likely referral? Food Bank commodities WIC NET

NET Feedback: Rationale: NET provides education to school personnel. It does not provide food.

Information on the incidence or prevalence of nutrition related health problems would be located in: Healthy People 2010 Nutrition Screening Imitative Nationwide Food Consumption Survey NHANES

NHANES Feedback: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys provide information on health and nutrition over time. Reports provide a health profile for the community regarding prevalence of hypertension, cholesterol levels, cardiovascualr risk factors, obesity, iron status, etc.

The set of activities that provides regular information about the contribution that diet and nutritional status make to the health of the U.S. and factors affecting diet and nutrition status is the responsiblity of: NHANES Local Health Departments Nutrition Monitoring National Nutrition Mointoring and Related Research Program

National Nutrition Mointoring and Related Research Program The NNMRRP includes all data collection and analysis activities of the federal government related to measuring the health and nutrition status, food consumption, dietary knowledge, and attitudes about diet and health, and measuring food consumption and the quality of the food supply.

In the NCPM, which nutrition intervention involves the transfer of knowledge, specific to the knowledge deficit identified in the Nutrition diagnosis PES statement? Nutrition Education Continuity of Care Nutrition Counseling

Nutrition Education

Consulting ADA's MNT Evidence-Based Guides for Practice is a component of: Nutrition Diagnosis Nutrition Planning Nutrition Research Nutrition Intervention

Nutrition Intervention Feedback: Rationale: Data sources and tools use in the determination of Nutrition Interventions include: Evidence based nutrition guides for practice and protocols, current research literature, current consensus guidelines and recommendations from other professional organizations, results of outcome management studies or Continuous Quality Index projects, current patient education materials at appropriate reading level and language, and behavior change theories.

A patient's individualized dietary intake recommendations are concisely stated in the: PES statement Nutrition Diagnosis Nutrition Assessment Nutrition Prescription

Nutrition Prescription Feedback: The nutrition prescription specifically states the patient's individualizedrecommended dietary intake of energy and /or selected foods or nutrients based on current reference standards and dietary guidelines.....

The agency that is interested in safe working conditions is: OBRA OSHA ADA NSF International

OSHA Feedback: Safe and healthful working conditions were mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in 1970 to assure that every worker has safe working conditions.

Healthy People 2020 takes an ecological and determinates approach to establish the nation's health objectives. Health outcomes are a result of which determinants? genetics and biology, available insurance, health services, social environment, physical environment physical environment, social status, individual behavior, genetics and biology, health services Physical movement, social environment, individual behavior, genetics and biology, health services health services, genetics, social environment, and physical environment

Physical movement, social environment, individual behavior, genetics and biology, health services Feedback: The framework for Healthy People 2020 is derived from looking at the following determinates which overlap to provide health outcomes; physical environment, social environment, individual behavior, genetics and biology, health services.

POMR is an acronym for: Purpose Objective Medical Record Problem Oriented Medical Record Problem Objective Medical Record Planning Objective Medical Record

Problem Oriented Medical Record

Which concept is not one of the 3 elements necessary for TQM problem solving? Quality as defined by client Redesigning the POS (Point of Sale) technology Systematic approach for studying the process Employees and/or associates working together

Redesigning the POS (Point of Sale) technology Feedback: Rational: POS technology is not an element in TQM. For the theory of TQM to work, the 3 elements listed above function together.

What is the recommended method when putting more than 1 oz of product in a recipe? Gallon measure Cup measure Tablespoon Scale

Scale Feedback: Rational: Accurate weighing and measuring of ingredients is always essential for a satisfactory product. With a reliable scale, weighing is more accurate and is recommended

Which religious group's diet focuses on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet? Islamic Jewish Mormon Seventh-Day Adventist

Seventh-Day Adventist Feedback: The Seventh-Day Adventists diets are lacto-ovo vegetarian in nature. This diet would include milk and eggs, but exclude meat, poultry, and fish.

To prepare applesauce that is chunky, how would the sugar be added? Sugar would be added before cooking Cook apples until they boil before adding sugar Apples would be covered with sugar and held for 1 hour before cooking Sugar would be added after the apples are cooked

Sugar would be added before cooking Feedback: Chunky applesauce is amde by adding the sugar before heating

The cook brings you a sample of the potatoes delivered today. They are green in color directly beneath the peel. What is the cause of the green color? Chlorophyll developing Sunlight causing solanine alkaloid production Fertilizer used Reaction of starch to cold temperatures

Sunlight causing solanine alkaloid production Feedback: When potatoes are in the sunlight for too long, they may develop a solanine alkaloid reaction. When eaten, they can cause vomiting and disarrhea.

The Food and Nutrient Consumption; Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Assessments; Food Supply Determination; Nutritional Status and Nutrition Related Health Measurement; Food Composition and Nutrient Data Bases all combine to form: The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys Total Diet Study Nationwide Food Consumption Survey

The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program

Several major changes in the production system were announced months ago. Employees had a negative attitude at the time. Now that the equipment is being installed, employees are verbally negative to the changes and uncooperative towards management. What seems to be the problem? Everyone resists change; the employees just need time to adjust The employees were not told about the changes and are mad for not being informed The employees are afraid they will not be able to learn how to use the new equipment The employees perceive that the equipment does not meet their needs

The employees perceive that the equipment does not meet their needs Feedback: Even though management did inform the employees of changes, it failed to answer the question "What is in it for me?" Employees did not have an opportunity to see the benefits, only the negative side of change.

The degree of saturation for fatty acids is based on which one of the following? The number of carbon-nitrogen double bonds The number of carbon-carbon double bonds The number of carbon-hydrogen double bonds The number of carbon-carboxyl group double bonds

The number of carbon-carbon double bonds Feedback: The correct answer is: "The number of carbon-carbondouble bonds" because fatty acids vary in the length of their hydrocarbon chains (chain length) and the number of carbon carbon double bonds within the chain (degree of saturation).

A Dietitian has just received the results of a patient's Nitrogen Balance Study. The results include:1950 calories , 75 gm protein consumed in the 24 hour period, and a 24 hour urine urea nitrogen of 8 gm.What information can the dietitian draw from these results? The dietitian needs to increase the protein in the patient's diet. The patient is in a catabolic state. The patient's current intake is meeting his needs. The patient is in renal failure.

The patient's current intake is meeting his needs. Rationale: The patient is in Nitrogen equilibrium; nitrogen intake equals nitrogen output. 1) 75 gm protein / 6.25 = 12 grams Nitrogen 2) 12gm Nitrogen (intake) - (8 g + 4 gm) = 12gm -12gm 3) 12 gm - 12gm = 0 gm

A manager believes employees must be closely supervised and threatened with punishment in order to get them to put forth adequate effort to achieve the organizational goals. This manager holds to the assumptions of: Theory X Theory Y humans basically dislike work Mayo's theory

Theory X Rationale: This situation describes theory X. The concept is that motivation is basically through fear.

Cholesterol is a precursor to which one of the following vitamins? Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

Vitamin D Feedback: Cholesterol gives rise to 7-dehydro-cholesterol (provitamin D3).

To evaluate low fat cookies, volunteers are given three samples. Two are regular recipe cookies, one is low fat. They are asked to pick the one that is different. This is an example of: Paired Comparison Triangle Test Descriptive Test Rank Order

Triangle Test Feedback: The correct answer is "triangle test", which allows a 33.3% chance to guess correctly. A paired comparison is used for two products to compare one characteristic, i.e. two beverages choose which is sweeter. Rnak order will list several items from best to worst. Descriptive testing calls for the tasters to describe the food item using their own words.

The computerized interactive method for collecting 24 hour recalls used in government sponsored nutritional studies is? USDA Detail Cycle The forgotten food list USDA automated Multiple-Pass Method The Quick List

USDA automated Multiple-Pass Method

The following are programs of the DHHS that address childcare issues: Medicare WIC Community Health Center programs EPSDT

WIC Feedback: Reason: EPSDT a Medicaid program that focuses on the health status of children from low-income families and community health centers. WIC is a USDA program. Medicare (CHIP)expands health insurance to children who don't qualify for Medicaid.

Retinol equivalents (REs) are a measurement for which vitamin activity? Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin A Vitamin K

Vitamin A Feedback: One retinol equivalent (RE) is equal to 3.3 International Units (IU) of Vitamin A

Which vitamin is most likely to cause birth defects in the developing embryo if taken in mega doses during pregnancy: Vitamin C Vitamin A Vitamin B 12 Folate

Vitamin A Feedback: Vitamin A supplements above the RDA should be discontinued during pregnancy, also topical creams that contain retinol used to treat acne should be discontinued

Which of the following vitamins are unstable to heat? Vitamin C and D Thiamine and Niacin Vitamin A and K Vitamin C and Thiamin

Vitamin C and Thiamin

Which of the following vitamins may be deficent in an infant's diet that is exclusivly breast fed: Vitamin A Vitamin B 12 Vitamin C Vitamin D

Vitamin D Feedback: Breast milk contains very small amounts of Vitamin D. Dark skinned infants of mothers with poor vitamin D intake who lack exposure to the sun may benefit from 400 ui supplementation.

Which of the following provides supplemental food, nutrition education, and health care: EFNEP school lunch program summer food service program for children WIC

WIC Feedback: Reason: WIC provides supplemental foods to infants, children up to age five, and pregnant women. It also provides nutrition education, and healthcare.

Retail cuts of meat are prepared from: the chuck and round beef sides only wholesale cuts flank and brisket

Wholesale cuts- chuck, rib, loin, round, shank, brisket, plate, flank, and tip.

The dish machine that has an exposed loading and unloading section and an enclosed washing and rinsing section with rows of plastic pegs is best suited for: a corner installation racks designed for plates, cups and glasses a small coffee shop a high volume operation

a high volume operation The flight type continuous conveyor dish machine described above is especially popular for high-volume operations.

In order for a liquid to foam it must have: a high vapor pressure a low surface tension a high protein content a high surface tension

a low surface tension Feedback: To achieve a good foam the liquid must have a low surface tension. This allows the air to be whipped into the liquid and to be stable. If the liquid has a high surface tension the foam will collapse. A high vapor pressure means the liquid evaporates readily and cannot hold the air. The foam will collapse as the liquid evaporates.

Hunger still exists in America today. Limited access to food needs to be considered as a contributing cause in nutrition related conditions. Using the Nutrition Care Process, limited access to food is: a nutrition diagnosis listed under the etiology section listed under signs and symptoms can be verified with laboratory data

a nutrition diagnosis Feedback: Rationale: Limited access to food is diagnosis NB-3.1 under the Behavioral-Environmental domain.

A manager that has a straight-line cafeteria is needing to provide quicker service he should consider: increasing the number of sandwich choices adding a cashier a scramble system self service beverages

a scramble system Rationale: The type of cafeteria known as the scramble system or Hollow Square provides separate counters for various menu groups. This is confusing in the beginning, but eliminates the need to stand in line there by providing quicker service.

When preparing hot chocolate it is common to observe: curd and whey mixing together lumps in a heated product a scum on the surface of heated product casein precipitate as a curd

a scum on the surface of heated product Feedback: Denaturing of whey caused by heat leads to scum formation in milk products.

LIFO refers to: a purchasing procedure a receiving procedure a storage procedure a production procedure

a storage procedure Feedback: LIFO (Last In, First Out) is a storage method in which the newest products are used first.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can occur in all but which one of the following circumstances? failure to follow the prescribed diet, overeating a sudden, intense increase in exercise a decrease or omission of insulin dose an infection

a sudden, intense increase in exercise Feedback: Rationale: The causes of DKA include a decrease or omission of insulin or error in type of insulin, a failure to follow the diet with over-eating, a sudden withdrawal of insulin when starting oral agents, infection, trauma, or other stresses, and undiagnosed, untreated Type 1 diabetes.

During exercise it is important to replace water. Which of the following who live in a warm climate would have the greatest concern? a young man running a marathon a woman doing water aerobics a man playing racquetball an elderly man riding an exercise bike

a young man running a marathon Feedback: Water loss depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise and on the temperature and humidty. Long strenuosus exercisers in a warm climate should replace water every 15 minutes.

When maternal nutrient intakes fall below optimum levels: a. fetal growth and development are compromised more than maternal health b. maternal health is compromised more than fetal growth and development c. mother and fetus are equally impacted d. vitamin and mineral deficiencies are observed in the mother

a. fetal growth and development are compromised more than maternal health Feedback: When maternal nutrient intakes fall bellow optimum levels fetal growth and development are comprised more than maternal health.

The desired smoke point temperature for fats is: above 442 degrees F above 525 degrees F above 500 degrees F above 350 degrees F

above 442 degrees F The desired smoke point temperature is above 442 degrees

Older adults may have difficulty absorbing calcium and iron because of achlorhydria, which occurs with aging. Achlorhydria is: absence or reduction of hydrochloric acid production a decrease of serum chloride levels related to alcohol consumption a serious medical condition that must be treated aggressively

absence or reduction of hydrochloric acid production Feedback: A decrease in gastric secretions (hydrochloric acid) is an age related physiologic change.

Mary is 75 years old and complains of chronic constipation. The only treatment that has been effective is 2 TBSP of mineral oil daily. You should be concerned with: hyperkalemia decreased appetite lack of fiber in the diet absorption of fat soluble vitamins

absorption of fat soluble vitamins Mineral oil decreases the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, K

Why might a patient with kidney failure have a low serum bicarbonate level? accumulation of hydrogen ions leads to depletion of bicarbonate, as it tries to buffer the excess acid the supply of ketoacids exceeds the demands of the cell the kidneys excrete extra bicarbonate because there is less acid present the kidneys conserve more bicarbonate due to chronic anemia

accumulation of hydrogen ions leads to depletion of bicarbonate, as it tries to buffer the excess acid Feedback: Because the kidneys are unable to excrete waste products, the blood becomes more acidic as hydrogen ions (acid) build up. This is metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate becomes depleted because it is used in an attempt by the body to buffer the excess acid.

Which by product of alcohol metabolism is the most significant cause of liver damage? aldehydedehydrogenase acetaldehyde acetyl-COA ethanol

acetaldehyde

Your restaurant menu is currently offering a very popular item, which has a low profit margin. You could: continue to serve it as is because it is popular take it off the menu because it is not profitable raise the price add a side and garnish and raise the price high enough to increase profits

add a side and garnish and raise the price high enough to increase profits Feedback: To increase profits on a popular item raise the price and the perceived value, or maintain the price and decrease the portion size.

A recent retiree (age 62) just returned from winter in Florida and is planning to have lunch at the congregate meal center tomorrow. What factor determines eligibility? length of stay in the community health risks age income

age Feedback: Reason: Congregate center meals are free to those over sixty. There are no income guidelines for this program.

Which of the following is the best indicator of visceral protein status in the hospitalized patient? creatinine height index urine urea nitrogen albumin total lipid profile

albumin

Food can be contaminated by all the following except: biological chemical physical allergic

allergic Feedback: Examples of biological contaminates include bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. Chemical contamination can occur from toxic metals, pesticides, and chemicals. Physical contamination results from the accidental introduction of foreign objects into food such as metal shavings from cans and broken glass.

Which of the following nutrients contributes most significantly to the osmotic load of an enteral formula? amino acids lactalbumin soy protien isolate calcium caseinate

amino acids Feedback: Solutions containing hydrolyzed nutrients are more hypermolar than intact nutrient formulas. Amino acids are the most hydorlyzed source of nitrogen. Soy protien, calcim caseinate, and lactalbumin are all whole proteins and therefore would contribute much less to the osmolality than amino acids.

A client being counseled on the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet would be advised to make which of the following substitutions? an English muffin in place of a commercially baked biscuit stick margarine instead of tub margarine cheddar cheese in place of Colby cheese reduced fat mayonnaise in place of mustard

an English muffin in place of a commercially baked biscuit Rationale: Substituting an English muffin for a commercially baked biscuit will reduce total fat/saturated fat intake.

Which statement is an example of line authority? a part time consultant for WIC a consulting position for an outpatient department an administrative dietitian in a 600 bed hospital a consulting dietitian in a nursing home

an administrative dietitian in a 600 bed hospital Line authority is represented on the organization chart to show the chain of command. Staff positions represented by a dotted line provide support but do not have supervisory authority.

Lignans which are found in flax seed, wheat bran, oats, and barley contain both: anticancer and phytoestogen properties antioxidant and anticancer properties probiotics and zoonutrients prebiotics and zoonutriends

anticancer and phytoestogen properties

Tomato products, particularly cooked and canned tomatoes provide a red pigment called lycopene that acts as: antioxidant preservative coloring agent a natural remedy to prevent macular degeneration

antioxidant

Which of the following apolipoproteins (apo) is the most atherogenic and is affected by diet as well? apo E apo C apo B-100 apo A-I

apo B-100 Feedback: The majority of the apolipoproteins in LDL, which is atherogenic, are apo B-100. The apolipoproteins A-I and A-II are found in HDL. The apo E is not affected by diet.

The production system that requires the least amount of labor is: conventional commissary ready prepared assembly serve

assembly serve Feedback: In assembly service, or convenience-food foodservice, food products are brought into the operation with a maximum degree of processing. Thus labor and equipment needs are limited.

The JCAHO Nutrition Care Process requires which of the following? assessment of all patients identified to be at nutrition risk screening to be performed by a qualified dietetics professional assessment of all patients with diabetes prescribing of enteral nutrition to be done by a physician

assessment of all patients identified to be at nutrition risk Feedback: Rationale: JCAHO standards require that nutrition assessment be done for patients at risk for malnutrition. It is the responsibility of the institution to develop policies for how the standards are implemented.

Which of the following is the least effective tactic used to influence the political process: litigation public relations campaign political action committee attending fundraisers

attending fundraisers There are many avenues for community nutritionists to influence the political process. Political action committees, public relations campaigns, and litigation are some of the better tactics used.

A dietitian discovers raw chicken that has been out of the cooler for 6 hours. It is needed for lunch, he/she decides to throw it out and substiture a convenience food. He/She is demonstrating what type of leadership? autocratic laissez-faire democratic

autocratic The autocratic leader makes most decisions. Laissez-faire allows the group to make decisions, while democratic leadership guides and encourages the group to make decisions.

The community dietitian is responsible for the WIC Clinic. She has set standards for interaction with clients. The dietitians at the WIC center are experiencing which style of leadership? autocratic democratic participatory

autocratic ationale: The manager makes the decision independently and uses her position of authority to force the decision, so it is autocratic.

A patient on home TPN for the past month develops an elevated temperature with possible sepsis. This could indicate: decreased need for calories increased need for provision of lipids bacterial translocation need for change in the formulation of the TPN

bacterial translocation Feedback: Rationale: Bacterial translocation arises in a dormant gut from the movement of bacteria from the gut lumen to the body.

Select the best lunch menu for a patient taking lasix (furosemide): ham sandwich, pretzels, apple slices, and lemonade baked potato topped with cheese& bacon, cantaloupe, and milkshake hamburger, onion rings, purple grapes, and iced tea chicken noodle soup, soda crackers, blueberries, and cola

baked potato topped with cheese& bacon, cantaloupe, and milkshake Feedback: Rationale: Furosemide is a potassium-depleting loop diuretic

Which of the following does not describe a nutrition diagnosis statement? specific to the client or group based on reliable and accurate related to a single pt nutrition-related problem is designed with the intent of changing a nutrition -related behavior

based on reliable and accurate Rationale: A nutrition Intervention is defines by ADA as" purposefully planned actions designed with the intent of changing a nutrition-related behavior , risk factor, environmental condition or aspect of health status for an individual or his/her family or caregivers), target group, or the community at large.

A well-written Nutrition Diagnosis Statement should be: based on an accurate assessment and summarize all of the clients problems based on reliable assessment data and be specific with only one problem and one etiology based on an assessment that identifies one problem with multiple etiologies

based on reliable assessment data and be specific with only one problem and one etiology

Your restaurant chain has opted to join a purchasing group. What are the advantage of this arrangement? better prices greater variety of products higher quality of products better service from suppliers

better prices Feedback: The economic advantage of group purchasing is that the volume of purchases is large enough to warrant volume discounts by suppliers.

A researcher states in the introduction to his experimental study that he expects that his research will show that a high intake of psyllium fiber will decrease LDL cholesterol. This is an example of: descriptive research bias opinion inferential statistics

bias descriptive research Feedback: Bias is the conscious or unconscious influence of the researcher on the outcome of research

Which is the predominant characteristic of bulimia nervosa (BN)? vomiting major weight loss (>25% of original body weight) binge eating growth stunting

binge eating Feedback: Rationale: Eating disorders have distinctive diagnostic criteria. Binge eating has been established as the primary characteristic of BN.

Malnutrition is a common finding in the patient with advanced liver disease. Which one of the following factors does not contribute to malnutrition? bulimia dysgeusia anorexia malabsorption

bulimia Feedback: Numerous coexisting factors are involved in the development of malnutrition in liver disease. Inadequate oral intake is caused by anorexia, early satiety, dysgeusia, nausea and vomiting. Malabsorption also plays a role in the malnutrition of liver disease.

Mrs. J is a 56 year-old woman with kidney disease. She has been on hemodialysis for three months. After reviewing her blood work, the nephrologist tells her that she needs vitamin D. What is the appropriate form of the vitamin for this patient? cholecalciferol calciferol calcitriol calcidiol

calcitriol Feedback: When the kidneys fail, they no longer are able to convert inactive vitamin D, calciferol, to its active form, calcitriol. Vitamin D is supplemented in its active form in renal failure.

If a physical inventory is not taken on a monthly basis, how can food costs be calculated for the operational budget statement, which is reviewed monthly? calculate the cost of direct issues and requisitioned supplies for the month total all invoices for the month assume food cost was the same as last month it is not possible to determine food cost without a physical inventory

calculate the cost of direct issues and requisitioned supplies for the month

A job desciption: can be used for employee appraisals studies and analyzes all aspects of the job lists what steps to do and how to do them lists education requirements

can be used for employee appraisals

What group is most strongly affected by poverty, malnutrition, and food insecurity? adults children elderly adolescents

children Feedback: Children are the group most strongly affected. Nearly 8 millions children under 5 die each year

Thorough background and reference checks: are required by law must be in writing can reduce turnover rate, corporate crime and theft are recommended but not required

can reduce turnover rate, corporate crime and theft

The mother of a 7 year old diabetic reports that her son is experiencing frequent diarrhea. The possible cause is: aspartame sweetened soda acesulfame-K candy containing sorbitol sucralose

candy containing sorbitol Feedback: Rationale: Consuming large quantities of the sugar alcohols (mannitol,xylitol,sorbitol) may cause diarrhea.

Large sums of money needed for equipment, improvements, expansion, etc. are listed in the: capital budget operational budget forecast budget flexible budget

capital budget Feedback: Rationale: Careful planning is required for the capital budget due to the large amounts of money and the long-term commitment.

In order to slow the deterioration process of fruits and vegetables in storage, this gas is added to the environment of the storage facility: carbon dioxide ethylene oxygen helium

carbon dioxide Feedback: Carbon dioxide will slow deterioration, ethylene will hasten ripening, and oxygen will hasten deterioration

According to ADA's Evidence Analysis Library, adequate fiber intake provides a benefit in the following: cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal health, weight control, diabetes cardiovascular disease, cancer, gastrointestinal health, diabetes cardiovascular disease, cancer, gastrointestinal health, hypertension cancer, gastrointestinal health, diabetes, weight control

cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal health, weight control, diabetes

Eggs, fish, meat and poultry are considered: cariostatic cariogenic carcinogenic anti-cariogenic

cariostatic Rationale: Cariostatic foods do NOT contribute to tooth decay. They are not metabolized by bacteria in the plague and also do not cause a decrease in the salivary pH (< 5.6) within 30 minutes of consumption. Protein foods(i.e ...eggs, poultry fish, meat),vegetables and sugarless gums are considered cariostatic foods.

Eggs, fish, meat and poultry are considered: cariostatic cariogenic carcinogenic anti-cariogenic

The orange color of carrots is stable during cooking because: carotenoids are heat stable and fat soluble carotenoids are heat stable and water soluble flavonoids are heat stable and fat soluble flavonoids are heat stable and water soluble

carotenoids are heat stable and fat soluble Carotenoids (yellow, orange) are very stable and fat soluble. Fat soluble means that fats are not lost in the cooking water. Flavonoids are water soluble and include anthocyanins (red, blue) and antoxanthins (white).

Mrs P has a 3 year old child who has just been diagnosed with a milk allergy. In addition to milk, dairy products and whey, what other foods/ingredients should she look for on food labels in order to help her child avoid an allergy reaction? globulin meringue casein hydrolysate miso

casein hydrolysate Feedback: Rationale: Foods to avoid with a cow's milk allergy include: milk, butter, cheese, caramel, yogurt, sour cream, curds, whey, lactalbumin, nougat, lactose, lactoglobulin, whey protein hydrolysates, casein, casein hydrolysate.

At the hospital where you are the Clinical Manager, the RDN's write the performance appraisals for the DTR's. In reviewing the records, you notice all evaluations to be similar and performance is rated average or above. You suspect which of the following: central tendency halo effect leniency recency

central tendency Feedback: Rationale: The common errors listed above have been identified in performance appraisals. The correct answer to the question is central tendency. Leniency is ratings at the high end of the scale instead of spreading them out. Recency occurs when evaluations consider the last few months instead of the entire evaluation period. Halo effect is when a manager allows a single prominent characteristic to influence their judgment in each area of the performance appraisal.

At the nursing home, food is prepared and trays are served from the kitchen. What type of system is used? centralized decentralized assembly serve commissary

centralized commissary Feedback: In a facility using centralized meal assembly, food trays are assembled in a central location and transported to patients/residents

When one person or department purchases for every department, it is called: warehouse club purchasing just-in-time purchasing group purchasing centralized purchasing

centralized purchasing

When one person or department purchases for every department, it is called: warehouse club purchasing just-in-time purchasing group purchasing centralized purchasing

centralized purchasing Feedback: With one person or department in charge of purchasing, there is better control, development of specialized personnel, and economic and profit potentials. Centralized purchasing may be combined with group purchasing.

Interventions selected in programming are designed to be: goals objectives change agents networks

change agents An intervention is a health promotion activity designed to change behavior.

Which group or groups are most at risk for under nutrition: teenage females children and older adults working families who eat out more than 3 times a week athletes in sports that emphasize low body weight for size (ie. wrestling and gymnastics) and dancers

children and older adults The groups most at risk for undernutrition are children, especially low income chilren, older adults particulary nursing home patients.

Which of the following is not an indication for the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? chronic Crohn's disease short bowel syndrome ileus acute pancreatitis

chronic Crohn's disease Feedback: The indications for TPN are classified into two categories: unavailability of the gastrointestinal tract including short bowel syndrome, obstruction, ileus and malabsorption. The second category is classified by a minimized gastrointestinal function including acute inflammatory bowel disease, fistulas and acute pancreatitis.

Moist heat methods (braising and stewing) of cooking are recommended for: chuck loin all pork cuts all organ meats

chuck Feedback: Tender cuts of meat are the ones most successfully prepared by dry heat methods. The loin is a tender cut. Moist heat methods are used for less tender cuts. Chuck is a less tender cut.

The plasma lipoprotein which is the richest in triglycerides is: low density (LDL) high density (HDL) very low density (VLDL) chylomicron

chylomicron Feedback: Chylomicrons are composed of 90% triglycerides; very low density (VLDL) - 60%; intermediate density (IDL) - 40%, low density (LDL) - 10%; and high density (HDL) - 5%.

Attaining a longer healthy life, health equity, social and physical environments that promotre good health, and quality of life are all goals of Healthy people 2020. What is the main route to acheiving healrh equity? ciltural competence mental health initiatives decreace medication costs universal health insurance

ciltural competence Feedback: This goal now includes problems like violence or lack of preparedness for natural or manmade disasters. Being prepared for any emergency is a high priority for publich health in the coming decade.

A quantitative measure that can be used as a guide to monitor and evaluate the quality of patient care is the definition of: quality control clinical indicator quality improvement threshold

clinical indicator A clinical indictor is a quantitative measure that can be used as a guide to monitor and evaluate the quality of patient care; not a direct measure of quality but rather a flag that identifies or directs attention to specific performance issues.

A quantitative measure that can be used as a guide to monitor and evaluate the quality of patient care is the definition of: quality control clinical indicator quality improvement threshold

clinical indicator Feedback: A clinical indictor is a quantitative measure that can be used as a guide to monitor and evaluate the quality of patient care; not a direct measure of quality but rather a flag that identifies or directs attention to

The day cook placed a large roast in the oven. The timer went off just as she was preparing to take her break; she pulled it from the oven, covered it tightly, and placed it in the cooler. The next day, she sliced it and served it for lunch. The following day, several regular clients had nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Which bacterium is the most likely suspect? staphylococcal poisoning trichinosis clostridium perfringes botulism

clostridium perfringes Feedback: Clostridium grows well between 120-130 degrees F and the symptoms are common to perfringes. Cut roast into smaller pieces to allow cooling

Aesthetic factors are an important part of good menu planning. Which factors are most important in attracting new customers to your hospital cafeteria? flavor and shape temperature and texture method of preparation and flavor color and method of preparation

color and method of preparation Rationale: New customers have not yet had a chance to taste the food, therefore the aesthetic factors most likely to influence their decision to purchase food is visually based.

You are being interviewed by a school system. During your tour of the high school kitchen, you notice hot tomato soup is placed in thermo containers and grilled cheese sandwiches are cooked and wrapped individually in foil. The supervisor explains that the food will be delivered to elementary schools by 10:30 for lunch today. This describes what type of production system? conventional commissary ready prepared

commissary

When food is prepared in a central area and transported to satellite units, it is called a ______ system. conventional commissary ready prepared assembly serve

commissary Feedback: Centralized production facilities are known as central commissaries and the service units are known as satellite service centers. The menu items are usually delivered hot/cold and then served, although some commissaries chill/freeze the items and then the items are reheated at the satellite.

Appropriate span of control is determined by: number of employees divided by 12 studies repeatedly have shown the span of control should be 5-7 complexity and proximity of the jobs, quality of the people, abilities of the supervisor abilities of the supervisor

complexity and proximity of the jobs, quality of the people, abilities of the supervisor Feedback: Determining the number of employees who can be effectively supervised by one person is a very complex issue.

Supervisory managers must have good technical skills while top management must have good: people skills financial skills conceptual skills organizational skills

conceptual skills Feedback: Skills of managers are in three categories: conceptual, human relations, and technical. Human relation skills are of equal importance to all levels of management. Conceptual skills are most important to top management.

The milk product that is 42 percent sucrose and 12 percent lactose is: condensed milk evaporated milk buttermilk fruited yogurt

condensed milk

The process of determining a community's health and nutritional needs and identifying places where those needs are not being met is: conducting a needs assessment of the community determining availability of funding screening determining your goals and objectives

conducting a needs assessment of the community Feedback: Community needs assessment is always the first step in program planning. It views the community as a whole, determining what the community\'s nutritional needs are and identifying places where those needs are not being met.

When a food is cooked from the outside towards the center by direct contact with the pan, the transfer of energy has taken place by: steaming conduction convection microwave

conduction Feedback: Conduction uses direct contact with the pan, such as cooking a hamburger in a skillet. Convection uses the currents of hot air or liquid as in a convection oven.

You have been instructed by the hospital administrator to manage the cafeteria as a break-even operation. Administration will no longer subsidize the budget. You should: increase prices to reflect the new philosophy consider branding develop a market for HMR consider branding and HMR

consider branding and HMR Feedback: Increasing prices with no value added will only decrease sales. Branding is the use of nationally or locally known commercial products in a noncommercial operation in an effort to increase sales. HMR, home meal replacements, is a service that can be provided to working families, which will also increase revenues. Hospital cafeterias can provide healthy home-style meals in a carryout package.

Your hospital has recently become involved in a cooperative program between local businesses and the public schools to reduce the drop out rate. As the Production Manager, you have been told to provide hands-on training for three at-risk students. The students are 16 or 17 years old. You: schedule them for new employee training and orientation contact human resources and review the FLSA for restrictions that may apply due to their ages. allow the students to observe employees inform upper management that your department can not participate in this project because of child labor laws not allowing children to operate hazardous equipment

contact human resources and review the FLSA for restrictions that may apply due to their ages. Feedback: Major provisions of the FLSA are concerned with minimum wage rates, overtime payments, child labor and equal rights. It was passed in 1938

A patient with COPD is hospitalized with acute respiratory failure and is on a ventilator. The optimal route of nutrition support is: TPN, to prevent pulmonary aspiration of tube feeding formula continuous-drip tube feeding via a nasoduodenal tube continuous-drip tube feeding via a PEG bolus tube feeding via a nasoduodenal tube

continuous-drip tube feeding via a nasoduodenal tube Feedback: The GI route is always preferred whenever the gut is functional. To minimize the risk of pulmonary aspiration, continuous feeding into the duodenum using the least invasive method is recommended. The head of the bed should also be kept to at least a 45-degree elevation, and checks for gastric residuals should be done frequently.

Performance appraisals are part of which management function? planning organizing leading controlling

controlling

The management function that takes corrective action is: planning organizing directing controlling

controlling Feedback: Controlling is the process of ensuring that plans are followed. It involves comparing what was done to what should have been done and then taking corrective action.

Performance appraisals are part of which management function? planning organizing leading controlling

controlling Feedback: Measuring actual performance, comparing it to standards, and correcting unacceptable deviations is controlling and the purpose of performance appraisals

The local Health Department reported salmonella. Which of the following is a practice that could result in an outbreak of salmonella? meatloaf taken from cooler and placed on counter for two hours beef roast cooked to 130 degrees and placed on tray line turkey removed from oven covered with foil and refrigerated cooked chicken is cut on the same board used to cut the raw chicken

cooked chicken is cut on the same board used to cut the raw chicken Feedback: Contamination of one food by contact with another results in cross-contamination

A large hospital uses an ingredient room. The best reason for this area is: cost control secured storage accurate receiving easier procurement

cost control Feedback: The ingredient room contributes to cost reduction and quality improvement by stopping production employees from withdrawing large quantities of products from storage whether or not they are needed.

Your goal is to provide a strawberry pie as a signature item on your menu. You investigate ingredient cost, labor cost and quality of a scratch pie, a frozen pie, frozen crust and in-house filling, and a pie baked per your specifications at a local bakery. You settle on a product that is the quality you desire even though it is not the least expensive. This process is called: product analysis cost analysis cost-effectiveness analysis writing specifications

cost-effectiveness analysis

The hospital dietitian has a weight loss clinic for teens after school. The school provides individual sessions by the system's dietitian. The comparison of the results from both programs would be a: cost-benefit analysis net savings cost-effectiveness analysis program efficiency

cost-effectiveness analysis Feedback: Remember that benefit refers to how much money is saved while effectiveness is concerned with outcome and comparison of similar programs.

The biggest concern caused by lack of portion control is: quality nutritional decline costs palatability

costs Feedback: Portion control is the achievement of uniform sizes, which is important not only for cost control but also for customer satisfaction.

The biggest concern caused by lack of portion control is: quality nutritional decline costs palatability

costs Portion control is the achievement of uniform sizes, which is important not only for cost control but also for customer satisfaction.

Staff on the tray line use gloves to reduce the frequency of handwashing create a barrier between hands and food provide safe food meet requirements of all health departments

create a barrier between hands and food Feedback: Gloves create a barrier between hands and food (as do tongs and other utensils). Gloves must never be used in place of hand washing. Requirements for use vary with health departments.

The cook added dry milk powder to the pudding recipe. The result of additional milk solids is: sweeter taste because milk sugar is the sweetest sugar available the formation of curd longer cooking time crystallization of lactose

crystallization of lactose Feedback: Lactose is the least soluble of the common sugars, and it can crystallize out and give a sandy texture when too many milk solids are present.

Which is an example of an outcome measure that can be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of a food service operation: food temperatures on the trayline are recorded three times daily customer satisfaction survey no lost time from work related injuries food cost is within budget for the past 6 months

customer satisfaction survey Feedback: Effective outcome means that the goal is met, the goal of food service is to meet the needs of the customer, therefore B is the best answer. Efficient outcomes measure appropriate use of resources-that would include C and D. A is a monitoring tool not an outcome.

In the kitchen, hot food in steam-table pans is placed into insulated carriers and cold foods are placed in coolers and transported by cart to galleys on nursing units. What type of meal assembly is being used? centralized decentralized assembly serve ready prepared

decentralized

Increasing pressure to control costs is causing Foodservice Directors to use creative methods to: decrease expenses and increase revenue decrease labor and number of meals served increase income and decrease labor incorporate technology into foodservice

decrease expenses and increase revenue Feedback: The overall goal is to improve the bottom line. If there is no apparent profit, at least have a break-even operation. Decrease expenses in the areas of food and/or labor. Increase revenue by selling more meals through catering, debit cards, home-meal replacements etc

A change in which of the following two laboratory tests can indicate that a patient has entered the anabolic phase of the stress response? decrease in CRP, increase in albumin decrease in CRP, increase in transthyratin increase in CRP, increase in transferrin increase in RBP, decrease in transferring

decrease in CRP, increase in transthyratin Transthyretin levels have been seen to begin to increase as CRP(C reactive protein) levels begins to fall. Increasing levels of transthyretin have been shown to relate well to improving protein-energy status.

decrease in CRP, increase in transthyratin decrease in CRP, increase in transthyratin

Mr H is a 55 year old man who has been on hemodialysis for 3 years. The dietitian tells him that he is at risk for developing calciphylaxis, unless he improves his current labs: albumin 3.7, bicarbonate 17, corrected Ca+ 8.4,Phosphorus 8.6. Which dietary changes would decrease his risk of calciphylaxis? increasing HBV protein in the diet add oral calcium supplement to regimen increase calcitriol decrease phosphorus intake

decrease phosphorus intake increase calcitriol Feedback: Rationale: Calciphalyxis occurs when excess calcium phosphate begins to deposit in the soft tissues. This can be achieved by decreasing the phosphorus in the diet and by increased use of phosphate binding medications

Maternal risk factors associated with excessive weight gain in pregnancy include the following except: post partum obesity hypertension gestational diabetes decreased complication during delivery

decreased complication during delivery Obese women have increased risk for problems during labor and delivery. They also have increased risk for hypertension, gestational diabetes, and post partum obesity.

In the metabolic phases ebb and flow that occur after a severe injury, what is the body's typical initial response? increased oxygen consumption decreased metabolic rate increased metabolic rate impaired utilization of fuels

decreased metabolic rate Feedback: Rationale: The response to critical illness, injury, and sepsis characteristically involves the ebb and flow phases. The ebb phase, occurring immediately following injury, is associated with hypovolemia, decreased metabolic rate, and shock.

If sugar is decreased in a recipe for yeast bread, the result will be: decreased volume more tender bread browner crust dry product because the yeast won't grow

decreased volume Feedback: Sugar has several functions in the making of yeast breads. It provides a sweet taste, allows for browning of the crust through the Maillard reaction, reduces gluten formation during mixing, thus improving tenderness. It also raises the coagulation temperature and allows the cells to stretch before coagulation occurs, increasing volume. Therefore, if sugar is decreased in a recipe there will be a decrease in volume. Yeast's preferred food source is glucose, which is present in flour.

As kidney disease progresses, the glomerular filtration rate: increases decreases remains unchanged doubles

decreases Feedback: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be defined as the rate at which the kidney is able to form filtrate. The progression of renal disease is reflected in a diminishing GFR.

What is not shown on the organization chart? relationships of positions degree of authority and informal relationships advisory responsibilities lines of communication

degree of authority and informal relationships

To facilitate the receiving of goods, it is desirable to locate the receiving area near the: production area delivery door manager's office serving area

delivery door Feedback: If the receiving area is near the delivery door, it prevents the sanitation and security concerns that arise when non-foodservice employees enter back-of-house areas.

Theory Y of management is reflected in which term: autocratic task management democratic authorization

democratic

Theory Y of management is reflected in which term: authorization autocratic task management democratic

democratic Feedback: The capacity for creativity in solving organizational problems is widely distributed - people can be self-directed.

Skills in the psychomotor domain are best learned by using which educational method? computer assisted demonstration with return demonstration small group discussion demonstration

demonstration with return demonstration Feedback: The educator may begin with a demonstration, but the learner then needs to show that they have mastered the skill themselves, and should practice it under supervision.

A ventilator-dependent patient would have an increased respiratory load if the majority of the kilocalories were provided as: procalamine lipid lactalbumin dextrose

dextrose Feedback: Rationale: The amount of ventilation is influenced by the nutrients metabolized. An excess of kilocalories in the form of carbohydrate produces a large excess of carbon dioxide and thereby increases the respiratory load. A respiratory quotient (RQ) > 1.0 is undesirable, indicating accumulating carbon dioxide.

Which medical conditions are associated with obesity: diabetes and osteoartritis COPD and pneumonia bone cancer and arthritis stroke and stomach cancer

diabetes and osteoartritis Feedback: Over weight and obese individuals have an increased risk of DM, CHD, hyperlipids, HTN, stroke, osteoarthritis and cancer of the breast, prostate and colon

The recommended medical nutrition therapy for active peptic ulcer disease is: bland, moderate-fat diet diet as tolerated; avoid acidic foods regular diet; milk or cream with each meal diet as tolerated; avoid alcohol, pepper, and coffee

diet as tolerated; avoid alcohol, pepper, and coffee Persons with peptic ulcer disease are advised to eat a good, quality diet as tolerated, but to avoid alcohol (which increases gastric secretion), red and black pepper (which can cause small erosions of the mucosal lining), and coffee (which stimulates acid secretion).

In 2002 the Institute of Medicine published a new set of definitions for dietary fiber. They suggested the following terms: soluble and insoluble resistant starch and lignin no digestible animal carbohydrate and nondigestible plant carbohydrate dietary fiber and functional fiber

dietary fiber and functional fiber Feedback: The terms recommended by the Institute of Medicine are; dietary fiber-nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants and functional fiber-isolated nondigestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects.

What management function should require the greatest allotment of time by a production manager? planning and organizing organizing and directing directing and controlling organizing and controlling

directing and controlling Feedback: Directing or leading involves directing and channeling human effort for the accomplishment of objectives, and controlling, and comparing what should be done with what was done. Planning is done by upper management; they set goals, establish budget, and organize and develop objectives and plans to achieve them.

Attaining a longer healthy life has always been a goal of Healthy People however the 2020 goals added a new concept this was: mental health initiatives disability, injury, premature death vitamin and mineral requirements exercise recommendations

disability, injury, premature death This goal now includes problems like violence or lack of preparedness for natural or manmade disasters. Being prepared for any emergency is a high priority for public health in the coming decade

What is the proper way to cool a large stockpot of Clam Chowder? allow to cool to 70ºF then place in walk-in refrigerator place in walk-in immediately, check at 6 hours to ensure 41º has been reached divide into shallow stainless steel pans and place them in an ice-water bath place the stockpot into a freezer or blast chiller

divide into shallow stainless steel pans and place them in an ice-water bath Feedback: Rationale: To cool properly- reduce quantity or size of food, use ice water baths, stir food as it cools; keep food shallow in stainless steel pans.

A dietitian who orders canned goods for a hospital can be assured of a reliable product if he/she: buys direct from a manufacturer puts out a bid and accepts the most reasonable does can cutting and analyzes the product buys the same brand, can size, grade, etc. as the previous year

does can cutting and analyzes the product Feedback: Opening cans of different brands for a comparison before placing major orders (can cutting) is the only means of acquiring first hand information about quality.

The greatest capacity to absorb calcium occurs: the first two years of life during pregnancy early adulthood early adolescence

early adolescence Feedback: Half the peak bone mass is accrued during adolescence. The greatest capacity to absorb calcium is early adolescence. The body can absorb 4 times more calcium than in young adulthood. However, calcium consumption drops as age increases during adolescence.

The R.D. is speaking with the construction manager to assure her facility will be effective in meeting resident needs. She should address: ease of cleanliness attractiveness price sound absorbency

ease of cleanliness Construction materials chosen should create an attractive facility, contribute to workplace safety, and be reasonably priced. However, the most important consideration is how easy the establishment will be to clean and maintain.

A lower prevalence of obesity is observed in children who were exposed to the following routines: limited screen time, 2 hours of exercise daily, limited fast food limited screen time, family meals, low carbohydrate meals scheduled bed time, 3 meals and 2 snacks, limited screen time eating evening meals as a family, obtaining adequate sleep, and limited screen time

eating evening meals as a family, obtaining adequate sleep, and limited screen time Feedback: Problems associated with obesity in children and adolescents include accidents, complications with surgery, decreased quality of life, depression, difficulties with puberty, gallbladder and liver disease, high blood cholesterol, hormonal imbalance, HTN, injury to weight bearing joints, metabolic syndrome, poor self esteem, respiratory problems, sleep disturbances, type 2 diabetes.

A pregnant woman (6 weeks) comes to the clinic with a BMI of 30. Another client is 15 years of age BMI of 19. A third client eats cornstarch and has a BMI of 16. The forth client is a 29 year old schoolteacher. Which client is the most at risk for a low-birth weight baby from the limited information above? 6th week, BMI of 30 15-year-old BMI 19 eats corn starch, BMI 16 29-year-old schoolteacher

eats corn starch, BMI 16 Reason: The BMI of 16 is significant as is the pica, which may lead to anemia due to decreased absorption and or decrease intake of other nutrient dense foods. This client has the most significant combined at risk factors

A class C fire includes: wood, paper, cloth grease, liquid shortening, flammable liquids electrical equipment, motors, switches chemicals

electrical equipment, motors, switches Examples include a fire in a toaster or a fire in the motor of a grinder.

Management by objectives (MBO) is a method for performance evaluation characterized by: employees and superiors agreeing on objectives all employees being evaluated on the same objectives the administrator establishing the objectives based on the organization's goals employees knowing the objectives by the first day on the job

employees and superiors agreeing on objectives

Span of control refers to the number of: supervisors on duty at one time part-time employees employees under the direction of one individual staff positions with flexible work hours

employees under the direction of one individual Feedback: Span of control refers to the number of employees one can effectively supervise.

A primary consideration in menu planning is labor. Which of the following is the least important labor factor in determining menu complexity? number of labor hours in the budget number of personnel employees' days off skill of personnel

employees' days off Feedback: Rationale: The budget and the number and skill of personnel determine the menu complexity. Employees' days off may be a factor, but only if relief personnel do not have and cannot gain equal skill.

One of the key components to TQM is that it: reduces paperwork empowers employees to meet customer needs prevents lawsuits provides employees with a friendly work environment

empowers employees to meet customer needs Feedback: TQM encourages employees to identify problems and find solutions to improve the overall performance of the organization. Empowerment refers to the degree to which employees function independently within their job description.

The TQM approach does not: encourage specialized jobs and individual effort set customer requirements as a high priority concentrate on processes use managers as coaches

encourage specialized jobs and individual effort

An 88 year-old female is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of weight loss, dehydration and depression. The patient's family reports the patient has been refusing to eat for over a week. What is the nutrition support regimen the dietitian should recommend? total parenteral nutrition enteral feeding via nasogastric tube peripheral parenteral nutrition enteral feeding via gastrostomy tube

enteral feeding via nasogastric tube There are several factors to consider when selecting the feeding route. First it is important to consider the patient's gut; if the gut is functional, use it. Secondly, consider the duration of the tube feeding. Patients requiring only several weeks of therapy are treated with nasogastric tubes, as it is less invasive.S

Programs and services that are provided to anyone who qualifies is termed: budget authority safety net entitlements authorization

entitlements Feedback: Reason: Entitlements require the benefits to be paid to all people who meet eligibility guidelines.(mandatory spending) Budget authority is amounts that government agencies are allowed to spend for their programs. Revenue is the amount raised by taxes and fees.

The starting point for menu development is: entrées desserts breakfast accompaniments

entrées Feedback: The entrée is the main item around which the rest of the meal is planned and therefore must be selected first.

The starting point for menu development is: entrées desserts breakfast accompaniments

entrées The entrée is the main item around which the rest of the meal is planned and therefore must be selected first.

A ketogenic diet is recommended for the treatment of: AIDS epilepsy Guillain-Barre Syndrome xerostomia

epilepsy Feedback: Ketogenic diets are used as an alternative therapy for epilepsy. The extremely high fat diet results in ketosis, which has an anticonvulsant effect on the body.

When you checked in your order you had several items that did not meet specifications. What is the most desirable practice? tell the delivery person write the problem on the invoice establish a return-and-credit policy with suppliers call the sales representative after the delivery person leaves

establish a return-and-credit policy with suppliers Feedback: A facility should establish a return-and-credit policy with suppliers before placing the first order with them so there is no question on what to do.

A patient is newly diagnosed with renal failure and requires long-term dialysis. He is depressed about having to make major lifestyle changes and is in need of financial assistance. The dietitian's initial objective in the interviewing process should be to: assess the patient's lab values and diet history before providing him with a meal plan refer the patient to the social worker to fill out forms for financial assistance establish rapport with the patient by getting to know him better before discussing nutrient needs stress the importance of following a strict renal diet to prevent long-term complications

establish rapport with the patient by getting to know him better before discussing nutrient needs Feedback: Rapport should be established early, during the opening phase of an interview. It involves dealing with emotional aspects in order the build a climate of trust and a supportive atmosphere.

Strategic Marketing involves strategic planning. Which of the following is not a part of the strategic planning process: developing marketing strategy setting market objectives establishing strategic business units establishing a price for service

establishing a price for service Feedback: A, b, and c are all part of strategic marketing. Establishing a price is one of the four elements required for a marketing mix.

You have found a home recipe that you would like to serve in the hospital cafeteria. What is the best method in developing a large quantity recipe that maintains the quality of the original recipe? find a standardized recipe similar to yours and compare ingredients expand the recipe in increments, evaluate and adjust the recipe at each step it is not possible to adapt home recipes to large quantity cooking multiply each ingredient by a factor that will yield the quantity desired, multiply by 10 if the desired yield is to be 10 times the original recipe

expand the recipe in increments, evaluate and adjust the recipe at each step Rationale: The correct approach is to expand in increments. Quality and flavor changes can occur as ingredients are increased. Special care is needed for spices since their flavors can intensify. The factor method is quicker and appropriate for many recipes, but not all.

Net profit or loss is determined by subtracting what from sales? labor COGS gross profit expenses

expenses Feedback: Net profit or loss is determined by subtracting cost of goods, labor expense, and all other operating expenses from sales.

The RD found when he served $0.29 chocolate donuts and $0.39 powdered donuts, the former had better sales. When he served $0.39 powdered donuts and $0.59 cream-filled donuts, the powdered donuts sold more. What kind of research design was used? experimental descriptive non-experimental qualitative

experimental Feedback: Rationale: Experimental design is a research design with the properties of randomization, control, and manipulation.

The sweetest of all the monosaccharides is: galactose glucose fructose lactose

fructose Feedback: Fructose is the sweetest of all the monosaccharides, however, its sweetness does vary. In crystalline form, it is twice as sweet as sucrose. In liquid form, the sweetness rapidly declines.

Human milk has more ____ than formula or cow's milk. protein calcium fat carbohydrates

fat Reason: The composition of human milk is 45 grams per liter of fat, formula 33-36 grams, and cow's milk 34 grams.

The high fat content of ice cream helps keep it smooth by decreasing ice crystals. Other ingredients that reduce ice crystals include: mellorine and rennet fat, corn syrup, or protein egg, yogurt, and fruit juice rennet, fat, egg, and milk solids

fat, corn syrup, or protein Feedback: Rationale: Increasing the fat content, adding protein, or adding corn syrup inhibits crystallization.

Maternal diet significantly affects which of the following nutrients: Response: Protein fatty acid profiles carbohydrates major minerals

fatty acid profiles Feedback: Maternal diet does not significantly alter the protein, carbohydrate, fat,And major minerals but it does alter the fatty acid profile and the amounts of some vitamins and trace minerals.

Poverty and hunger affect some groups more than others, those most at risk are: female head of households, children, the rural poor single men, children, rural poor food stamp recipients Hispanics

female head of households, children, the rural poor The health of a nation is often judged by the health status of its mothers and infants. Those most at risk are female heads of household's children and the rural poor.

What menu would you recommend for an elderly Orthodox Jew? roast beef au jus, green beans, roll, mashed potatoes, and coffee shrimp scampi, salad, baked potato, lemon cake, and tea fettuccine alfredo, salad, broccoli, garlic bread, ice cream, and coffee beef stroganoff with noodles, peas, scalloped potatoes, cherry pie, and tea

fettuccine alfredo, salad, broccoli, garlic bread, ice cream, and coffee Feedback: Rationale: Items (a) and (d) are incorrect since meat and dairy products are prohibited in the same meal. Item (b) is incorrect because shellfish is prohibited. Item (c) is correct; there is no meat with dairy in this meal.

A study is done to determine how the use of different types of fat in a pie crust will affect the crust's flakiness. The dependent variable is: flakiness of the crust type of fat used length of baking time oven temperature

flakiness of the crust Feedback: The dependent variable is the observation, test, performance level or measurement of the effect of the independent variable on the experimental group. In this example the dependent variable is the flakiness of the crust.

A client comes to you on a low carbohydrate diet. She reports having one serving of carbohydrates per meal, 3-5 oz. of meat each meal, no milk but eats cheese, and 2 vegetables per meal. What nutrients will she most likely be lacking? vitamin C, thiamine, calcium zinc, iron, calcium folic acid, potassium, vitamin A vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A

folic acid, potassium, vitamin A Feedback: The major food source for folic acid, potassium, and vitamin A are fruits, vegetables, and legumes - which are in very limited supply on a carbohydrate restricted diet.

Hypogeusia is a diagnosis on the transfer record of a 87 year old male being admitted to your long term care facility. This is: inability to swallow food lacks taste poor vision in low light poor hearing

food lacks taste Feedback: Hypogeusia refers to the decrease of taste. Particulary sweet/salt.

The USDA grades beef: as a requirement of states to assure the animal is healthy as a service to processors for the untrained consumer

for the untrained consumer

During the middle of a diet class, the counselor stops and assesses the class's knowledge. What type of evaluation is being performed? formative summative post-testing pre-testing

formative Feedback: Rationale: Formative evaluation is an assessment that occurs before or during the learning activity for the purpose of modifying or improving the learning experience.

Starch, when heated with water to thicken foods, goes through a physical change called: dextrinization hilumion gelatinization pasting

gelatinization

Identify the hormone that causes an increase in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis: testosterone estrogen insulin glucagon

glucagon Feedback: Glucagon, produced by the alpha cells of the islets of langerhans, causes a rise in the amount of the sugar in the blood. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

A trauma patient requires an enteral feeding. The dietitian's plan of intervention includes use of a formula that will enhance gut mucosal function. This formula should be rich in: glutamine alanine valine histidine

glutamine Rationale: Glutamine is the amino acid that is the preferential fuel for enterocytes in the gut mucosa, especially during stress; it enhances cell mass and the height of the mucosal villi.

An eight-month-old child is admitted with steatorrhea and diarrhea with frequent foul-smelling bulky stools. The baby's mother reports she has just introduced wheat cereal in his diet. A probable diagnosis is: regional enteritis gluten enteropathy tropical sprue ulcerative colitis

gluten enteropathy Feedback: Rationale: The patient with gluten enteropathy has steatorrhea and diarrhea with frequent, foul-smelling, bulky stools. It typically appears in infancy when cereals are added to the diet.

Measurement of the rate at which glucose appears in the blood after the ingestion of a carbohydrate source relative to the rate after ingestion of white breads is done using: glycemic index carbohydrate counting Exchange system gluconeogenesis

glycemic index Feedback: The glycemic index of a food is the rate at which glucose appears in the blood after the ingestion of a carbohydrate source, relative to the rate after ingestion of white bread. The glycemic index for white bread is 100.

The process by which glycogen can be used for energy is called: ketogenesis gluconeogenesis glycogenesis glycogenolysis

glycogenolysis Feedback: Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway in which glycogen can be utilized to form glucose-6-phophate and enter glycolysis.

The key biochemical steps in the metabolism of the major nutrients include: citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation lipolysis, glycolysis, beta oxidation glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain Feedback: The conversion of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is achieved within the cells by the combined effect of three multi-step processes: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

The dietitian is following a Type 2 diabetic as an outpatient. Which test would best indicate the patient's compliance to the principles presented? fingerstick glucose fasting glucose glycosylated hemoglobin urine glucose

glycosylated hemoglobin Glycosylated hemoglobin concentration reflects the average degree of hyperglycemia over a period of 3-4 months and can be used as a check on long term diet adherence.

Which one of the following tests is best used to indicate the diabetic patient's degree of control of his/her diabetes? urine ketones urine glucose glycosylated hemoglobin blood glucose

glycosylated hemoglobin The amount of glycosylated hemoglobin reflects the average blood glucose level for the previous 120 days, indicating the degree of control of diabetes.

Provide nutritious meals within the federal and state guidelines. This is an example of a: goal for a school foodservice policy for a school foodservice USDA regulation procedure for a long-term care facility

goal for a school foodservice

You are working with a small group for weight loss and healthy eating. Education should emphasize: gradual improvements in food choices and portion sizes 1500-1800 Calorie diet with no more than 30% of the calories coming from fat avoidance of fried foods and processed sugar diet pattern of 3 meals and 3 snacks a day

gradual improvements in food choices and portion sizes Feedback: Rationale: Emphasis is on gradual improvement in food and exercise choices and moderation in the foods eaten

The formation of lactose crystals will cause the ice cream to be: icy gritty creamier sweeter

gritty Feedback: Lactose is not very soluble and will precipitate out at low temperatures. This will give the ice cream a gritty texture on the tongue.

Infants in the first year can triple their weight. What is the usual pattern for children in one year? grow 2-3 inches and gain 5 pounds grow 5 inches and gain 3 pounds grow 1-2 inches and gain 10 pounds grow 3-4 inches and gain 3-5 pounds

grow 2-3 inches and gain 5 pounds

Policies are: predetermned goals of management provide direction and motivation guides that define scope of permissible activity required by FLSA

guides that define scope of permissible activity

Which food has the highest fiber content? Five prunes 1/2 cup cooked lentils 2 cups iceberg lettuce 3/4 cups bran flakes

half cup cooked lentils

The anthropometric measurement providing information in determining how to help detect protein energy malnutrition in children is: head circumference triceps skinfold and diet history height and weight abdominal girth measurement

head circumference Feedback: Head circumference measurements help detect PEM, and evaluate the extent of its impact on brain size.

The factors affecting basal needs include all of the following except: heart rate body composition body condition gender

heart rate Feedback: The factors affecting basal energy needs include: body composition, body condition, gender, hormonal secretions, sleep, age, body temperature, under or overnutrition, environmental temperature and smoking.

Chlorophyll is easily destroyed by: heat oil salt water

heat Feedback: The green color in vegetables is sensitive to heat. When heated, chlorophyll will first turn a bright green, then to an olive drab. This unattractive color can be avoided by boiling the water before adding the vegetable and limiting cooking time to 5 minutes.

A new cereal is going to be marketed and the company wants to do a food preference survey. What would be the best approach? hedonic scale plate waste free samples self-reported consumption

hedonic scale Feedback: Food preference studies usually use a hedonic scale. With this type of scale, customers rate foods on a continuum from like to dislike. Plate waste studies, observation, and self-reported consumption are methods of assessing food acceptability. Both are important in menu planning.

A 6 month old child is brought to the clinic, the mother is very concerned that the child is too small for her age. The child is 6.8 kg-the 25th percentile and 67.5 cm-the 75th percentile. You tell the parent: a 3 day diet history and calorie count is needed to further evaluate the child is underweight, and you offer suggestions to increase calories height and weight are appropriate for age head circumfrience and blood work should be ordered

height and weight are appropriate for age

An iron-storage disease, caused by a genetic defect, where by high amounts of iron are absorbed and stored in tissues that do not normally store iron is: hemochromatosis hypochromic anemia hemosiderosis transferrin saturation

hemochromatosis Feedback: Hemochromatosis is an iron-storage disease which occurs in less than 0.1% of the population. It is caused by a genetic defect that causes affected individuals to absorb unusually high amounts of iron and store it in tissues that do not normally store iron.

A primary duty of the National Labor Relations Board is to: act as legal representatives for union members who appear in court hold secret ballot elections to determine union representation support management in labor disputes negotiate union contracts

hold secret ballot elections to determine union representation The role of the NLRB is to hold elections and interpret and apply the Law to unfair labor practices. Courts may review their decisions on unfair labor practices.

Most accidents are the result of: human error inadequate equipment inappropriate regulations old policies

human error Feedback: Most accidents are the result of human error. Employees lift heavy loads incorrectly, leave spills on the floor, walk across freshly mopped floors, fail to use safety devices on equipment, and block passages.

When storing fruits and vegetables it is important to consider temperature and: altitude humidity ventilation bright light

humidity Feedback: Humidity control is also important in maintaining food quality and is often overlooked in dry storage. For most products in dry storage, 50% to 60% is considered satisfactory. For most food stored at low temperatures, 75% to 95% is recommended. Perishable foods require 85% to 95% humidity.

Symptoms associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include all of the following except: hyperventilation dehydration polydipsia hypercalcemia

hypercalcemia Feedback: Elevated blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones in the blood and urine characterize DKA. Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, hyperventilation, dehydration, the fruity odor of ketones, and fatigue.

The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity for children and adolescents places them at risk for disease conditions not commonly seen in childhood: hypertension, type 2 diabetes, abdominal hernias, high blood cholesterol hypertension, type 2 diabetes, depression, gallbladder and liver disease decreased quality of life, gout, depression, hormonal imbalance osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome, sleep disturbance, hormone imbalance

hypertension, type 2 diabetes, depression, gallbladder and liver disease Feedback: Problems associated with obesity in children and adolescents include accidents, complications with surgery, decreased qulaity of life, depression, difficulties with puberty, gallbladder and liver disease, high blood cholesterol, hormonal imbalance, HTN, injury to weat bearing joints, metabolic syndrome, poor self esteem, respiratory problems, sleep disturbances, type 2 Diabetes.

Which of the following is not a cause of hypertriglyceridemia? pancreatitis Type IV hyperlipidemia poorly controlled diabetes hyperthyroidism

hyperthyroidism Feedback: Increased triglyceride levels can result from hyperlipidemia, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, poorly controlled diabetes, obesity, and pancreatitis.

During chronic nutritional deprivation, the body compensates by decreasing the basal metabolic rate in order to conserve protein and organ function. Which of the following are indicative of decreased BMR: weight gain and decrease thyroid function hypotension and bradycardia hypertension and decreased temperature tachycardia and weight loss

hypotension and bradycardia Feedback: When BMR decreases to conserve energy the body becomes hypothermic, hypotensive, bradycardic, and physical activity decreases. Thyroid hormone decreases.

The initial step in conducting research is: identifying the research problem outlining the research variables of interest describing the research methodology stating the research purpose

identifying the research problem Feedback: Rationale: The first step in the research process is to define the research problem or question.

The fat soluble vitamins are absorbed in which part of the gastrointestinal tract? stomach duodenum jejunum ileum

ileum The fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine

Legislation impacts community nutrition because federal, state, or local agencies fund most programs. Which of the following will result in changes to the delivery of programs: liscensure consolidation of food agencies SNAP implementation of new eligibility guidelines

implementation of new eligibility guidelines The following may impact programs: licensure laws may change employees qualified to deliver services; consolidation of food agencies calls for the establishment of a single agency to handle food safety, inspection, and labeling, causing some education programs to change; implementation of the results act requires federal agencies to define mission, goals, and objectives and to specify their performance measures. Food stamps are not currently affected

A 32-year old male was in an automobile accident and sustained multiple injuries. He is currently on a ventilator and receiving a tube feeding from the standard formulary. Current feeding is well tolerated and vital signs are stable. Current feeding provides 2300 Calories and 1.2 grams of protein/kg of body weight. Based on your calculations caloric needs are 2900 calories. The best nutrition diagnosis statement and intervention would be: inadequate energy intake, gradually increase rate to meet calculated needs hypermetabolism, monitor weight every 2 weeks and adjust rate if needed inappropriate infusion of enteral nutrition, gradually increase rate to meet calculated needs hypermetabolism, increase calories and change formula to one that is specific for patients on ventilators.

inadequate energy intake, gradually increase rate to meet calculated needs Feedback: Caloric intake is below calculated needs so rate needs to be increased. Since current formula is tolerated and vital signs are stable there is no reason to change formula at this time. Hypermetabolism could be a diagnosis statement, but the interventions are not appropriate. Should not wait to weeks to weigh again and no reason to change formula. Inappropriate infusion is to be used with caution and only after consultation with the health care team.

A surveillance term used to indicate how frequently a disease occurs in a population, and the fraction of people free of disease that develop the disease over a period of time is: prevalence risk factors incidence screening

incidence The number of new cases detected is referred to as incidence, while existing cases are prevalence.

Good communication must: include feedback be in writing be verbal, followed up in writing be in person

include feedback Feedback calls for the information to flow back from the receiver to the sender. This process takes more time but improves the quality of communication

A client has been diagnosed with hypochromic, microcytic anemia. She should be advised to: increase absorbable iron in her diet, include Vitamin C at every meal, and take an iron supplement eat foods rich in Vitamin B12 and receive weekly Vitamin B12 injections take a supplement of 1 mg of folate daily increase her intake of fruits and vegetables

increase absorbable iron in her diet, include Vitamin C at every meal, and take an iron supplement Feedback: Rationale: Hypochromic, microcytic anemia is indicative of iron deficiency anemia, caused by chronic blood loss, inadequate diet, impaired absorption, or increased demands.

What is the compensatory mechanism of the body for respiratory acidosis? lungs slow down respirations lungs increase respirations increase bicarbonate reabsorption increase bicarbonate excretion

increase bicarbonate reabsorption Rationale: In respiratory acidosis, the lungs have decreased work (less CO2 excretions), so the serum pH decreases/becomes more acidic. The kidneys compensate by reabsorbing more bicarbonate.

The school meals initiative updates standards for school meals to assure they: increase protein be no more than 40 percent fat increase complex carbohydrate foods meet ½ the daily RDI

increase complex carbohydrate foods Menus must be food or nutrient based, food based menu must increase fruits, vegetables, and grains. Nutrient-based programs must have no more than 30% fat.

The cook prepared french fries from potatoes stored in the refrigerator. They will brown unevenly due to: retention of vitamins decrease in preparation time increase in sugar content formation of solanine

increase in sugar content Feedback: Potatoes stored under refrigeration increase in sugar content.

increase in sugar content Feedback: Potatoes stored under refrigeration increase in sugar content

A 42-year-old male with a total cholesterol of 230 mg/dL and a family history of early-onset cardiovascular disease is starting to follow the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet . In addition to modifying the fat content of his diet, he should be advised to: take a cholesterol lowering medication eliminate caffeine and alcohol following a low sodium diet increase soluble fiber intake

increase soluble fiber intake Rationale: Soluble fibers in legumes, oats, fruits, and psyllium have been shown to lower serum, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol.

To prevent clustering of crystals when making fondant: decrease the sugar concentration increase the sugar concentration heat to 98 degrees covering the surface of the candy with wax paper

increase the sugar concentration Feedback: Crystal formation is necessary in candy making. But when crystals clump together it produces an undesirable product. Factors that reduce crystal size are increasing the sugar concentration, temperature, agitation and the presence of other ingredients that reduce crystal size.

All of the following inhibit non-heme iron absorption except: low gastric acidity dietary fiber increased gastric acidity high calcium intake

increased gastric acidity Feedback: Increased acidity and animal tissue protein are the dietary factors that enhance non-heme iron absorption.

The purpose of a nutrition surveillance program is to: compare program data to prove cost effectiveness of programs finds the cause of nutrition problems identified indicate the number of people at increased risk or diagnosed with certain medical conditions

indicate the number of people at increased risk or diagnosed with certain medical conditions Feedback: Survellance collects data on a population\'s health and nutritional status.

The Native Americans are consuming more fast foods and less of their traditional foods. This lifestyle change may be a factor in: a decrease in obesity infant and maternal mortality being four times the U.S. average an increase in the number of alcoholic beverages consumed more American Indians living in cities

infant and maternal mortality being four times the U.S. average Feedback: With lifestyle changes the following health changes have been identified: infant and maternal mortality are four times the U.S. average, there has been an increase in diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. Obesity and alcoholism are major problems. Only a few cities serve the American Indian population.

An increase in gastrointestinal motility is a healthy benefit of which type of fiber? soluble fiber insoluble fiber pectin flavonoids

insoluble fiber Feedback: Insoluble fiber, which includes cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is found in vegetables and wheat bran. It absorbs water and increases bulk, contributing to the volume of stools. This causes an increase in gastrointestinal motility.

The hormones responsible for moving glucose into the cell and out of it, respectively, are: epinephrine, norepinephrine epinephrine, insulin insulin, glucagon glucagon, insulin

insulin, glucagon Rationale: When blood glucose levels rise (after a meal), the pancreas secretes insulin into the blood, which allows glucose into the cells. When blood glucose falls (between meals or fasting), the pancreas secretes glucagon, which counteracts insulin and raises blood glucose by signaling the liver to release its glycogen stores.

Research has indicated that people may consume a constant weight of food. High fiber foods are less calorie dense and therefore are beneficial in reducing caloric intake. For individuals seeking weight control, ADA's recommends: intakes of 25-35 g/day from whole foods Intakes of 30-50 g/day from whole foods so no specific fiber recommendation is available 20g/day from supplements

intakes of 25-35 g/day from whole foods Feedback: Dietary fiber displaces available energy, fiber increases chewing which promotes gastric secretions, resulting in an expansion of the stomach, which increases satiety. Benefits occur with intakes of 20-27 grams. While whole foods were most protective. Increased fiber intakes may help to reduce the prevalence of obesity. B-is the recommended fiber intakes to lower serum glucose levels.

A Hispanic couple comes to the prenatal clinic. The factor that would be considered in planning interventions for counseling would be: interdependence, rather than dependence weak family support little pride Hispanics tell everyone their business

interdependence, rather than dependence Feedback: Hispanic/Latinos constitute the second largest minority in the U.S. They are often adverse to seeking help from community programs because traditionally they have very strong families, are very private people, they do not look outside the family for help, and families work as a team with the focus on the good of the whole or the good of others.

The nutritionist uses ___________ to help people change their lifestyle. objectives change agents networks interventions

interventions Feedback: Intervention is a health promotion activity designed to change behavior.

The nursing staff has voiced several complaints to the Dietary Manager about last night's meal. The residents didn't like it; a lot of food was thrown away. The dishwashing staff confirms that a lot of food was thrown away. The manager reviews the menu, grilled cheese sandwich and chili, and decides the residents do not like chili; he then removes it from the menu. The decision-making technique used was: group decision making scientific intuitive brainstorming

intuitive The technique was intuitive. A decision was made based on unsubstantiated facts, overlooking other possibilities, and not gathering information from all angles. Specifically, the manager did not talk to residents and did not determine if temperature, quality, service, etc. contributed to the poor intake.

A patient who has had a gastrojejunostomy is at risk of developing: folic-acid deficiency metabolic acidosis iron-deficiency anemia

iron-deficiency anemia Feedback: In the surgical procedure, gastrojejunostomy, the stomach is anastamosed to the jejunum, bypassing part of the stomach and the duodenum. Since the majority of iron is absorbed through the duodenum, iron-deficiency anemia can develop.

When salt must be restricted, other flavoring agents should be used to perk up the flavor. MSG: should not be used at the table, only in cooking. is a potent flavor enhancer with one-third the sodium of salt has a higher sodium content than table salt and should be avoided. has a distinct flavor that is not readily accepted by Americans.

is a potent flavor enhancer with one-third the sodium of salt Feedback: Small amounts of monosodium glutamate can be used to intensify and blend flavors and replace salt in some recipes. It does containe one-third the sodium of salt.

Based on the Nutrition Care Process and Model, nutrition counseling: is characterized by a collaborative counselor-patient relationship to create an individualized action plan that fosters responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health is a formal process to instruct or train a patient in a skill or to impart knowledge to help the patient manage or modify food choices. involves the transfer of knowledge tailored to the specific knowledge deficit identified in the PES statement is provided when there has been no previous exposure to the nutrition information needed

is characterized by a collaborative counselor-patient relationship to create an individualized action plan that fosters responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health Feedback: Nutrition counseling is a supportive process, characterized by a collaborativecounselor-patient/client relationship, to set priorities, establish goals, and create individualized action plans that cknowledge and foster responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health.

The local hospital is starting a campaign for reducing fat intake. What is the most effective way to publicize this program? all RD's contact physicians they work with put up posters all over town tell all your clients and colleagues (and ask them to spread the word) issue a press release

issue a press release Feedback: The mass media reach into almost every home in the nation. Mass media promote health by publicizing programs and services to the public via PSA\'s (public service announcements) sent through press releases to local television and radio stations.

Which of the following does not describe a Nutrition Diagnosis? it is written in terms of a client problem for which nutrition-related activities provide the primary intervention. it is often temporary and with nutrition intervention the nutrition diagnosis ideally resolves it is a long term problem that does not change as long as the condition exists it identifies the specific nutrition problem that a dietetics professional is responsible for treating independently.

it is a long term problem that does not change as long as the condition exists Feedback: Nutrition diagnosis is the identification and labeling of the specific nutrient problems that dietetics professionals are responsible for treating independently. A medical diagnosis is identified as a disease or pathology of a specific body organ or system and doesn't change as long as the condition exists.

B.S. degree in Dietetics, Registered Dietitian with 2 years clinical experience in an acute care setting. This is an example of: job duty job specification job description job identification

job specification Feedback: This is an example of a job specification. Job specification is the skills, abilities, knowledge, etc. needed to do the job.

The main role of human resource managers in a large institution is to: keep up-to-date on legislation and act as a resource to department managers assist managers in recruitment and selection of employees act as an advocate for employees in settling disputes with managers administer fair and equable compensation and benefit packages

keep up-to-date on legislation and act as a resource to department managers Feedback: The legal aspects of human resource managing are very complicated and ever-changing. Human resource managers must remain current with federal, state and local actions that impact labor relations.

Which food item has the lowest fat content? chicken breast, no skin salmon king crab leg of lamb

king crab Feedback: The lowest in fat is the king crab with 0.8 g/100 g. Chicken breast is 1.7, salmon 8.6, lamb 17.6.

In preparing behavioral objectives for a continuing education program, which verb cannot be considered in measurable terms? know prepare write contrast

know Feedback: Rationale: The terms "to know" or "to understand" are not action verbs and cannot be considered in measurable terms.

An example of a productivity ratio is: labor cost divided by meals served labor cost divided by labor hours food cost divided by labor costs food cost divided by income

labor cost divided by meals served Productivity is a comparison of input and output. Output for foodservice is generally meals. Productivity could also be a comparison of goals to resources.

Lactose intolerance is caused by galactase insufficiency lactose overload lactase insufficiency glucose intolerance

lactase insufficiency Feedback: Rationale: Lactase, an enzyme produced in the intestinal mucosal cells, is essential for the conversion of dietary lactose into glucose and galactose. Insufficient production of this enzyme is associated with intolerance to dairy products containing lactose.

In the following list, which one is a disaccharide? glucose lactose fructose galactose

lactose Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. The monosaccharides are glucose, fructose and galactose.

A manager has no confidence in his leadership abilities. He does not set goals for the group.Productivity and morale are low and work is sloppy. The manager's leadership style is: autocratic democratic participative laisse-faire

laisse-faire Feedback: Unfortunately the group has no motivation for leadership within itself, so the work unit crumbles when the manager fails to act in the leadership role.

leadership style must change to fit the situation Feedback: Fred Fiedler researched various leadership traits and their effectiveness under different situations. His Contingency Approach discovered different styles to be effective in different situations

The contingency approach to leadership states: leadership style must change to fit the situation a good leader always has more than one plan leadership must plan for the unexpected employees will feel secure if there is consistency in the leadership style

A naturally occurring emulsifying agent in a common food is: disodium phosphate in coffee whiteners mono and diglycerides in margarine lecithin in egg yolk vitamin E in whole grains

lecithin in egg yolk Feedback: Lecithin is a phospholipid in egg yolk that is an emulsifying agent.

The length of the menu cycle is driven by: how long it takes to create a cycle menu length-of-stay of the patient/resident equipment availability variety of menu items

length-of-stay of the patient/resident Feedback: The average length of stay is an important consideration. Hospitals with a four to five day patient stay may successfully use a two-week cycle while long-term care facilities require a three or four-week cycle.

Phytochemicals in plants are powerful antioxidants and metabolism regulators that help prevent chronic disease. Which of the following are phytoestrogens? thiols trpenes flavonoids lignans

lignans Feedback: Rationale: Lignans are a focus of research because of their anticancer and phytoestrogen properties

The amino acid present in the smallest amount, relative to the amount required for growth, is called the: conditionally essential amino acid essential amino acid complementary amino acid limiting amino acid

limiting amino acid Some proteins that contain all the essential amino acids, but a relatively small amount of one of them, have sufficient amino acids to promote the repair of body tissues, but not enough to promote growth. In these proteins, the amino acid present in the smallest amount, relative to the amount required for growth is called the limiting amino acid of the protein.

The omega-3 fatty acids include all but which one of the following: linolenic acid linoleic acid eicosapentolenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

linoleic acid Feedback: The omega-3 fatty acids are linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The omega-6 fatty acids are linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docapentolenoic acid.

Physiological factors that are often a consideration when working with elderly clients are all of the following except: poor intake diet modifications loss of spouse polypharmacy

loss of spouse Feedback: Loss of spouse is a psychological factor.

The plasma lipoprotein richest in cholesterol: low density (LDL) high density (HDL) very low density (VLDL) chylomicron

low density (LDL) Feedback: Low density lipoproteins are composed of 50% cholesterol; HDL - 20%; IDL - 30%; VLDL - 10%; and chylomicron - 5%.

Factors that may result in nutrition problems in the elderly include all of the following except: sore mouth polypharmacy chronic disease low hemoglobin rate

low hemoglobin rate Common nutrition-related problems in the elderly include b, c, and d above, as well as protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, hypercholesterolemia, tooth loss and any chronic conditions or diseases affecting the way one eats. Iron deficiency anemia is associated with 1-3 year old children, adolescents and women of childbearing age.

An elderly patient is suspected of having a cobalamin deficiency. What would you expect to see when reviewing her lab results? low hemoglobin, low MCV, low MCHC normal hemoglobin, high MCV, low MCHC low hemoglobin, high MCV, normal or slightly low MCHC normal hematocrit, normal MCV, high MCHC

low hemoglobin, high MCV, normal or slightly low MCHC Feedback: A deficiency of cobalamin (Vitamin B12), is characterized by a low hemoglobin and low hematocrit, elevated MCV (macrocytic), and slightly decreased or normal MCHC (slightly hypochromic or normochromic).

In developing guidelines for professional practices in ethical decision making; which principle would not be used? autonomy beneficence maleficence justice

maleficence Feedback: Rationale: The four principles include: 1.) Autonomy - respecting the individual's rights of self-determination, independence and privacy; 2.) Beneficence - protecting clients from harm and maximizing possible benefits; 3.) Nonmaleficence - the obligation not to inflict harm intentionally; and 4.) Justice - Striving for fairness in one's actions and equality in the allocation of resources.

Which of the following is required in a quasi-experimental research design? matching of subjects a comparison group randomization manipulation of an independent variable

manipulation of an independent variable Feedback: Rationale: Quasi-experimental designs lack either randomization or control groups, but do involve manipulation of an independent variable.

A serum sodium of 119 mg/dL is a sign of: dehydration a 500 mg sodium diet overhydration use of salt substitute in place of regular salt

overhydration Serum sodium reflects fluid status, not oral sodium intake. Low serum sodium indicates an excess amount of extracellular fluid.

At age one, cow's milk is the primary source of nutrients; however, it should be limited to 2-3.5 cups because excess: may cause calcium deposits may result in hypervitaminosis-A may displace food necessary to provide iron interferes with appetite

may displace food necessary to provide iron Feedback: More milk than the recommended amount may displace foods necessary to provide iron and lead to milk anemia.

A dietitian leads a small group discussion for WIC clients on ways to increase iron intake for toddlers. The effectiveness of this educational session would best be measured by: interviewing the parents regarding their feelings about the importance of iron in the diet asking the parents if their children are eating more iron-rich foods asking the children which iron-rich foods are their favorites measuring the hemoglobin levels of the children and comparing them to hemoglobin levels for the previous six months

measuring the hemoglobin levels of the children and comparing them to hemoglobin levels for the previous six months Feedback: Learning objectives must be specific and measurable

The high school has a very small kitchen. Which menu would be the most taxing for equipment? baked chicken, mashed potatoes, green beans meatloaf, baked potato, mixed vegetables beef stew, biscuits grilled cheese, tomato soup

meatloaf, baked potato, mixed vegetables Feedback: The menu should be planned to balance the use and capacity of the available equipment. Meatloaf and baked potatoes both require an oven to produce, which may too much for institutions with limited oven space.

If collective bargaining has not been successful, the next step is: negotiation arbitration injunction mediation

mediation Feedback: Rationale: The correct order is collective bargaining or negotiation (same thing), then mediation (a third party offers compromises), and then arbitration (a binding decision is made). An injunction forbids a union from picketing or striking. This is basically a court order that forces the union back to work.

Which one of the following is a measurement of somatic protein status? albumin transthyretin mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) triceps skinford (TSF)

mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) Feedback: Creatinine height index (CHI) gives an estimate of lean body mass compared to ideal body mass. CHI correlates well with mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC)MAMC is calculated using triceps skinfold (TSF) and midarm circumference to indicate somatic protein.

The cake was left standing for an hour before being placed in the oven. The result was a cake that was about half the normal height. What should have been done? allow to stand one half hour before baking cover tightly add 1 teaspoon of baking soda mix and bake promptly

mix and bake promptly

Equipment that is compact, attractive, and uses space efficiently to reduce labor costs is called: modular steam customized cantilever

modular Feedback: Rationale: Modular matched units of equipment provide an attractive and efficient work area.

The digestion of carbohydrates begins at which point along the gastrointestinal tract? duodenum stomach mouth jejunum

mouth Feedback: In the mouth, the enzyme known as alpha-amylase, or salivary amylase, is present in the saliva and it partially breaks down starch.

You have been working with a 47-year old female who was diagnosed 2 years ago with Type 2 diabetes. She received diet education and self-management classes at the time of diagnosis. She reports gaining 20 pounds in the past six months, most recent HgbA1c was 12.5, she expresses a desire to lose weight and improve blood sugar control. At the last appointment she had agreed to maintain a 7-day food diary with foods, amounts, time, and setting. Today she presents a food diary that is very incomplete; no food amounts are recorded, all days have at least one meal omitted and no snacks have been listed. Client states she doesn't have time for this, she either forgets or she husband makes negative comments when she takes the notebook out at the table. She insists she still wants to lose weight, however she gained 1.5 pounds since the last session with you. PES statement would be: Self-monitoring deficit RT perceived lack of time and social support AEB incomplete data on food diary. Possible intervention: educate client on the side effects of continued poor blood sugar control, including heart disease, vascular disease, blindness etc. encourage the client to try harder this coming week and ignore the negative comments negotiate with the client the number of days she feels she can keep accurate records if 7 days is too much and suggest record keeping be recorded away from the table. change your approach, do not require food records but follow a basis meal plan

negotiate with the client the number of days she feels she can keep accurate records if 7 days is too much and suggest record keeping be recorded away from the table. Feedback: Since the problem identified is self-monitoring deficit, the intervention must address that issue, A and D are not appropriate answers. Since time and negative comments were contributing factors they must be addressed.

Folate supplementation is important for all women during childbearing years. Folate is required for cell growth and division and is therefore necessary for fetal and placenta development. Which of the following statements explains the importance of folate intakes: folate needs to be consumed for several weeks to build up adequate body stores prior to pregnancy folate is not contained in prenatal vitamins neural tube forms in the first 18 days after conception folate has been shown to help women become pregnant.

neural tube forms in the first 18 days after conception Feedback: To be effective in reducing neural tube defects (NTD) supplementation should be started before conception and continued during the first 4 weeks after conception, until closure of the neural tube. NTD can occur prior to the woman even being aware that she is pregnant.

When can foods containing whey be added to the diet of someone with galactosemia? immediately, whey is not restricted in the diet after one year of age varies from one individual to another never

never Feedback: Galactosemia os an inborn error of metabolism. A child born with impaired galactose metabolism will be unable to convert galactose to glucose. The treatment includes a permanent avoidance of galactose.

One of the most beneficial biochemical techniques for evaluating protein status is: blood urea nitrogen total protein hair analysis nitrogen balance

nitrogen balance Feedback: Rationale: Nitrogen balance is the only biochemical measurement that reflects both the somatic and visceral protein pools.

An example of productivity is best represented by which statement: number of portions per hour number of employees per day number of food deliveries inventory turnover

number of portions per hour Feedback: Productivity is a relationship between input and output. The best representative statement would be portions that are produced per hour (out-put).

The most common nutritionally-related problems in American children are anemia, dental caries and: obesity hyperactivity hypertension scurvy

obesity Feedback: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in North America. It occurs most frequently in 12-36 month-old children, in adolescent males and in females during childbearing years. Other factors include obesity and dental carries.

How would you adjust this menu for a Mormon:Beef Stroganoff, steamed broccoli, buttered rolls, pumpkin pie, iced tea? omit dairy products offer decaffeinated beverage offer a pie with different spices (i.e., lemon) make the entree vegetarian

offer decaffeinated beverage Feedback: Rationale: Mormons do not drink alcohol or partake of caffeine-containing beverages. Additionally, many fast one day per month.

The term used to describe kidney production of less than 500 milliliters of urine in 24 hours is: anuria oliguria azotemia ultrafiltrate

oliguria Feedback: Oliguria is defined as a urinary volume of 500 milliliters or less daily.

The Mediterranean Diet has received attention because of its potential for protecting the body against cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The diet is better source of ________than our American diet. omega-3 fatty acids and fiber vitamin D and E animal protein and vitamin A calcium and zinc

omega-3 fatty acids and fiber Feedback: Rationale: The diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains and sources of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3).

Your administration has elected to use a prime vendor. This is most closely associated with which of the following? food broker one-stop shopping value-added service profit center

one-stop shopping A prime supplier is also called a single-source supplier. This system offers convenience, but may not offer the most competitive prices.

Examples of fruits that will not ripen after they are picked are apples and apricots oranges and grapes bananas and peaches plums and pears

oranges and grapes Feedback: Nonclimacteric fruits need to be picked when ripe. While they will get softer (deteriorate), they will not get sweeter (ripen). Examples of climacteric fruit are cherries, citrus, figs, grapes, melons, pineapples, strawberries.

A graphic picture of positions, their relationships to others, and formal lines of authority and communication can be seen on the: job analysis job description list of job duties organizational chart

organizational chart Feedback: Relationships and authority are depicted on the organizational chart.

As a manager, you review time and activity schedules, review procedures, and schedule in-services. These are part of: planning organizing leading controlling

organizing Feedback: Maintaining accurate paper work and documentation, as well as training for employees, is part of organizing.

The process that informs employees of goals and policies and explains their responsibilities is: orientation training in-services development

orientation Feedback: Training is designed to improve skills. Development has the purpose of preparing employees for more responsibility. Orientation is to familiarize new employees with goals, policies and performance expectations.

The purchasing department contacted the vendor and stated that their order was severely damaged. In reality, the mandarin oranges came in dented cans. What is the ethical issue? overstating the seriousness of a problem to obtain concessions from the supplier insisting on cash refunds reporting delivery issues to the supplier representative requesting to visit the supplier's warehouse

overstating the seriousness of a problem to obtain concessions from the supplier Feedback: Overstating the seriousness of a problem to obtain concessions is an activity that manipulates suppliers to benefit the buyer.

The most desirable color of beef to the consumer is a cherry red. What pigments are responsible for this color of meat? hemoglobin globin oxymyoglobin myoglobin

oxymyoglobin

A 45-year-old woman with Type 1 diabetes takes regular and NPH insulin at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. She is having difficulty with hypoglycemia in the late evening hours (after 9 p.m.). Identify the insulin that needs to be modified: a.m. NPH a.m. regular p.m. NPH p.m. regular

p.m. NPH Rationale: Regular insulin peaks within 2-3 hours, while NPH peaks between 4-10 hours after injection. The hypoglycemia in the evening is a result of the p.m. NPH insulin.

Potential nutrition-related problems with inflammatory bowel disease include all of the following except: anemia malabsorption of macronutrients drug-nutrient interactions pancreatic enzyme deficiency

pancreatic enzyme deficiency Feedback: Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) can lead to: anemia related to both blood loss and poor oral intake, malabsorption related to both chronic diarrhea and surgical resections, and interactions between prescribed medications such as steroids, immunosuppressive agents, and antibiotics.

What type of leadership is shown by a circular type of organizatoin chart? democratic autocratic participative laissez-faire

participative Feedback: A circular type of organization chart is used to show participative management style.

The menu planner should study the population to be served. Which of the following data is the least important to study? demographics socio-cultural influences eating habits past experience and opinions with that type of foodservice

past experience and opinions with that type of foodservice Feedback: Rationale: Data on demographics, sociocultural influences, and eating habits will generate a composite profile of the customer.

An elderly Orthodox Jew is having lunch in your clinic today. Which menu would you select for her? vegetable soup, chef salad, roll, cake, coffee broiled fish, augratin potatoes, stewed tomatoes, bread, pie, iced tea pasta with marinara sauce, salad, broccoli, garlic bread, ice cream, and coffee beef stroganoff with noodles, peas, scalloped potatoes, cherry pie and tea

pasta with marinara sauce, salad, broccoli, garlic bread, ice cream, and coffee Feedback: A and D are incorrect since meat and dairy products are prohibited in the same meal. B is incorrect because shellfish is prohibited. C is correct; there is no meat with dairy in this meal.

In writing a hospital menu: the patient is most important and should receive priority the Doctor's Dining Room should have its own upscale menu patient, staff, and public dining areas should have a unified menu an extensive degree of choice is key to customer satisfaction

patient, staff, and public dining areas should have a unified menu Rationale: Making a menu is a balancing act. Balancing traditional and hearty with light and healthy as well as the skills and capabilities of the staff.

A child has been identified at high risk for food allergies. Which foods should be withheld for the first two to three years? peanut butter and milk eggs and strawberries oats and fish citrus fruits and chocolate

peanut butter and milk Feedback: Rationale: The most common food allergens in infants and children are egg, fish, milk, peanuts, and soy.

The day care is planning a picnic for pre-school age children. Foods they might avoid that commonly cause choking are: broccoli, celery, hard cheese oranges, apples, raisins peanut butter, grapes, hot dogs cheerios, sunflower seeds, bananas

peanut butter, grapes, hot dogs Feedback: Almost any food can cause choking, although some are cited more often than others: tough meats, hot dogs, nuts, grapes, carrots, hard candies, popcorn and peanut butter.

Which of the following foods are responsible for the majority of allergic reactions? milk, soybeans, oats peanuts, eggs, milk peanuts, wheat, fish

peanuts, eggs, milk

Which of the following foods are responsible for the majority of allergic reactions? peanuts, wheat, fish milk, soybeans, oats peanuts, eggs, milk eggs, pork, fish

peanuts, eggs, milk Feedback: Milk, peanuts, and eggs have been found to account for about 75% of allergic reactions to foods. Other types of nuts, wheat, soybeans, and fish can also cause adverse reactions.

Which production method would decrease the nutrient content of potatoes the most? cut unpeeled potatoes into thick wedges and fry peel and cut potatoes into small pieces, store in water overnight to prevent browning, and boil before mashing steam whole red potatoes until tender cut potatoes into fourths, simmer until tender, and drain and season

peel and cut potatoes into small pieces, store in water overnight to prevent browning, and boil before mashing Rationale: Nutrients are lost the most in B due to increased surface area, time delay in pre-preparation to cooking, and nutrients leaching out into the water, which will be discarded.

What feeding method would you recommend for a patient who had previously good diet history who had undergone extensive bowel surgery and has an ileus and fever eight days postoperatively? peripheral IV infusion full liquids half strength tube feeding TPN

peripheral IV infusion Feedback: The guidelines of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition says patients who are well nourished prior to surgery should begin posoperative nutrition support after 7-14 days of little or no nutrition. TPN would be contraindicated in a patient with an elevated temperature. PPN is the best choice because it avoids using the GI Tract.

An inventory system that keeps purchases and issues continuously recorded for each product in stock is called: physical perpetual minimum-maximum ABC

perpetual Feedback: A perpetual inventory keeps purchases and issues continuously recorded for each product so that the balance in stock is always available.

Aspartame is composed of which two amino acids?' tyrosine and aspartic acid phenylalanine and ascorbic acid phenylalanine and aspartic acid tyrosine and arachidonic acid

phenylalanine and aspartic acid Feedback: Rationale: Aspartame consists of the two amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid. It is 180 times as sweet as sucrose.

The storage room and refrigeration units are locked to prevent: food contamination pilferage/theft pest infestation mixing food and chemical storage

pilferage/theft Locks are changed periodically to prevent entry with unauthorized duplicate keys that can lead to pilferage and theft.

What are the two components of Nutrition Intervention? identifying and planning planning and implementation implementation and assessment assessment and intervention

planning and implementation

The four management functions are: planning, marketing, promoting, analyzing planning, organizing, leading, controlling promotion, plan, price, place promoting, analyzing, planning, controlling

planning, organizing, leading, controlling

An abnormally increased blood pressure in the portal venous system is called: esophageal varices portal hypertension ascites portal systemic encephalopathy

portal hypertension Feedback: Portal hypertension is an abnormally increased blood pressure in the portal venous system due to the obstruction of blood flow through the liver.

Undernutrition for children in the U.S. is correlated to: poverty fast food working mothers drugs and tobacco

poverty Feedback: Almost 25% of children under 6 lived in poverty in 1996.

The feminization of poverty refers to: disparity in wages of males compared to females poverty rate for children under six who live in homes headed by single females the growing number of females that have jobs earning minimum wage the decrease number of females entering the job market

poverty rate for children under six who live in homes headed by single females Feedback: The femnization of poveryt refers to the increasing number of children under six who live in families headed by a single female (almost 60%).

Pregnant women are more susceptible to foodborne illness due to: decreased taste acuity pregnancy alters the immune system decreased ability to resist infectious diseases decreased plasma volume

pregnancy alters the immune system Feedback: Increased progesterone levels that normally occur during pregnancy decrease the ability to resist infectious diseases

Effects of food insecurity show up first in: the elderly adult work force pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children the chronicall ill

pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children Feedback: Rationale: If family food is limited, pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children are the first to show signs of undernutrition. Effects of food insecurity can be devastating to this group of the population.

The cook needs moist heat to prepare tonight's entrée. Which piece of equipment would he choose? broiler steam jacketed kettle convection oven pressure-less convection steamer

pressure-less convection steamer Feedback: The most common moist-heat methods of cooking are boiling, simmering, stewing, poaching, blanching, braising, and steaming. In a pressure-less convection steamer, heat transfer from steam to food is accomplished by forced convection.

Statistics indicate that the fastest growing segment of the population is those over 50. This indicates to the nutrition professional that he/she will need to address: greater numbers of institutionalized elderly more obesity prevention of chronic disease alternative teaching strategies

prevention of chronic disease Feedback: Average life expectancy worldwide has increased from 46 years in the 1950\'s to 65 years in 1995. Chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension and stroke, diabetes, pulmonary disease are either rapidly emerging or already established at high rates globally.

Salt is a common ingredient in quick breads and yeast breads; it is a flavor enhancer for quick breads. What purpose does it serve for yeast breads? structure prevents toughness fine texture leavener

prevents toughness Feedback: Salt limits the growth rate of the yeast to prevent toughness.

A comparison of prime cost and actual cost would show: prime cost is higher than actual cost prime cost is lower than actual cost there is no relationship no distinguishable difference

prime cost is lower than actual cost Feedback: Prime cost is determined by using raw food cost plus direct labor costs. Actual cost is food cost, direct and indirect labor, and variable and fixed costs plus profit.

Company policy is to dock the pay of people who are tardy for work. This follows the theory of: reinforcement avoidance extinction punishment

punishment Feedback: Docking pay as a result of an undesirable behavior is punishment.Reinforcement is giving positive consequences for a desired behavior in order to strengthen the behavior. Avoidance is removing negative consequences when a desired behavior is given in order to strengthen the behavior. Extinction provides no positive consequence for an undesired behavior in order to weaken the behavior.

A client tells a dietitian that she only ate one meal yesterday. The dietitian asks her to describe what she ate. The counseling skill used is: self-disclosure confrontation paraphrasing probing

probing Feedback: BRationale: The probing response is an attempt to clarify or to gain additional information to help clients recall details.

The 4 "P's" of marketing are: pressure, price, promotion, place product, price, promotion, place product, people, price, promotion product, price, profits, people

product, price, promotion, place

Mrs. P has been taking at least 1000 IU's of tocopherol daily. She is at risk for developing which medical problem? peripheral neuropathy prolonged blood coagulation photophobia parathesia in the toes and soles of feet.

prolonged blood coagulation Feedback: Rationale: Very high doses of vitamin E has been found to decrease the body's ability to utilize other fat soluble vitamins (A,D, K)

During National Nutrition Month you plan several "lunch box" seminars for hospital staff. You hang posters and banners in the cafeteria and list topics with dates in the hospital newsletter. These activities are: promotion news release distribution a waste of time

promotion Feedback: Getting information out to prospective customers is called promotion.

Issuing discount coupons is a means of: promotion pricing gimmick market segmentation market mix

promotion Rationale: Any activity that increases public awareness or renews interest in a product or service is promotion.

The enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase are vital in the digestion of: carbohydrate protein fat alcohol

protein Feedback: The enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase cleave a variety of peptide bonds. The enzymes are called endopeptidases. The endopeptidases are necessary for the digestion of protein.

Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for individual employees. An example of an accommodation that employer could be asked to make is: provide a lavatory that is wheel chair accessible install an elevator ignore under performance change job descriptions

provide a lavatory that is wheel chair accessible Feedback: Examples of reasonable accommodations include accessible parking, lavatories, and work stations.

A Veterans Administration Medical Center is opening its bids. It is required that they be opened: publicly on the date specified as they are received within 48 hours by a specific position

publicly on the date specified Feedback: Government purchasing policies generally require that bids be opened publicly and awarded to the lowest bidder. In this way, bids from one supplier cannot be leaked to other suppliers.

The position concerned with obtaining the right product at the right time, and for the right price is: inventory controller purchasing agent marketing department budget planner

purchasing agent

To maintain fiscal control it is a good idea to separate what two functions? purchasing and receiving receiving and production purchasing and scheduling receiving and cleaning

purchasing and receiving Feedback: Separating the duties of purchasing and receiving is basic to a check-and-balance system for ensuring adequate control.

Two dietitians pose the following question in their research study: \"What is the relationship between the number of protein supplements taken daily and the amount of weight gain?\" The level of measurement of the variables is: nominal ordinal interval ratio

ratio Feedback: Ratio data rank orders on a scale that has equal distances between points and a true zero. Both the number of protein supplements taken daily and the amount of weight gain are ratio data.

Respiratory quotient (RQ) is defined as the: ratio of the fat kcal to the total kcal consumed ratio of the carbohydrate kcal to the total kcal consumed ratio of the volume of oxygen expired to the volume of carbon dioxide inspired ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide expired to the volume of oxygen inspired

ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide expired to the volume of oxygen inspired

One of your cooks is blaming the oven for not having the food ready and at a proper temperature for the opening of the cafeteria line. Maintenance has found nothing wrong with the oven. You are dealing with: regression rationalization substitution withdrawal

rationalization Rationale: Employees use various defense mechanisms to deal with frustrating situations. Regression is reverting to childlike behaviors, such as horseplay. Rationalization is using a less ego-deflating reason than the true reason to explain a situation. Substitution is when an employee puts something else in place of the original objective. For example, an employee does not get a promotion he applied for so he seeks leadership positions outside the organization. Withdrawal to avoid frustrating situations results in excessive absences, lateness, turnover or apathy.

Menu items are produced and held chilled or frozen until heated for service later. This describes what type of production system? conventional commissary ready-prepared assembly serve

ready-prepared Feedback: In ready prepared foodservices, menu items are produced and held chilled or frozen until heated for service later. A significant difference between ready-prepared and conventional foodservice is that items are not produced for immediate service but for inventory and subsequent withdrawal.

You manage the foodservice department at an LTC facility with a stable census of 350. You notice that over the past few weeks there has been an increase in overtime paid. Which is not a possible cause? supervisors may not be planning properly the schedule may be written wrong employees may be creating the overtime to get the extra money realistic work schedules

realistic work schedules Overtime has many possible causes. To avoid this added expense there must be a basic staffing pattern, or master schedule that meets the needs of the organization. Having this control in place assists supervisors in determining need for the OT and sets expectations for employees.

In making decisions, which of the following steps should be taken? gather data, choose solutions, take action, follow-up determine workable solutions, take action, follow-up recognize and analyze problem, gather data, choose action, take action, and follow-up state the problem, choose solutions, take action, reevaluate.

recognize and analyze problem, gather data, choose action, take action, and follow-up Feedback: The decision making process recognizes and defines the problem, identifies alternatives, evaluates, alternatives, selects the best alternative, implements the chosen alternative, and follows-up.

The process of attempting to locate and encourage potential applicants to apply for job openings is called: advertising headhunting recruiting drafting

recruiting Feedback: The process of attempting to locate and encourage potential applicants to apply for job openings is the definition of recruitment.

A new manager may choose to use a structured interview because it: is faster is less stressful on the interviewee reduces the possibility of legal discrimination charges is a good way to practice and gain experience in interviewing techniques

reduces the possibility of legal discrimination charges Feedback: Rationale: In a structured interview the interviewer asks specific questions of all interviewees. The interviewer knows in advance the questions that are to be asked and merely proceeds down the list while recording the responses. This technique gives a common body of data, allows for systematic coverage of information deemed necessary, and provides a means for minimizing personal biases and prejudices of the interviewer.

The food industry tries to limit potential food hazards. Which of the following is an unsafe practice? wash hands and surfaces often cook to proper temperatures refrigerate cooked foods immediately in cooking liquid keep cooked and raw foods separated

refrigerate cooked foods immediately in cooking liquid Feedback: The food industry tries to limit potential food hazards by practicing the following: wash hands and surfaces often, separate, don't cross contaminate, cool promptly, and cook to proper temperatures.

Mr. K has been placed on a pain medication for his arthritis and he is concerned about constipation. What do you recommend? laxatives, omit cheese from the diet increased fat and fluid in the diet regular walks, increased fluid and fiber in the diet increased fluid intake, laxatives and increased legumes in the diet

regular walks, increased fluid and fiber in the diet Feedback: Contributing factors to constipation include drug effects, neuralogic or systemic disease, inadequate fluid intake, lack of dietary fiber and inactivity. Although laxative use may be warranted in some cases, answer C (particularly including bran as a fiber source) addresses the problem most effectively.

Compensation for a job is impacted by: relative worth or job ranking how much education a person has an employee's ability to get along with others how difficult the job is to perform

relative worth or job ranking Feedback: Rationale: Job ranking classifies jobs according to their complexities. The more complex the job is, the higher the compensation is. The accuracy of this is dependent on the skill and knowledge of the rankers. Job duties and specifications are necessary to communicate information to the rankers.

A glucometer gives readings within a 5-point range every day for a month. This indicates: reliability validity accuracy precision

reliability Feedback: Reliability refers to the consistency with which a device measures something in the same way in each situation. Validity indicates whether the device what it is intended to measure.

The process of deamination in protein metabolism refers to: removal of carboxyl group removal of amino group replacement of amino group removal of hydrogen ions

removal of amino group Feedback: Deamination is defined as the removal of the amino groups from an amino acid.

The general public has an increased interest in mega-doses of vitamins and herbal preparations. How do you answer client questions? obtain information from manufacturers on dose and use research scientific studies base recommendations on personal experiences do not recommend using mega-doses of vitamins or herbs until there is consensus in the medical community

research scientific studies Feedback: According to the ADA Code of Ethics, we must practice our profession based on scientific principles and current information.

After a 25K marathon, runners are at risk for developing which of the following? respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis Feedback: Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis can result from the aftermath of intensive exercise, early sepsis, or an anxiety reaction, secondary to increased ventilation and elimination of CO2.

Forecasting is more difficult in: hospital restaurant vending units on the job school food service

restaurant Feedback: The restaurant is more difficult because of the number of patrons is more variable.

Gluten can be extracted from dough made from flour and water by: rinsing with water baking adding a dough conditioner reducing gliaden

rinsing with water Gluten can be extracted by kneading flour-and-water dough vigorously and rinsing with water.

The richest source of polyunsaturated fat is found in which one of the following oils? canola oil safflower oil sunflower oil corn oil

safflower oil Feedback: Rationale: Safflower oil is the highest in polyunsaturated fat of the available oils.

A low tyramine diet modification would avoid which of the following items? red wine and pita bread green beans and boiled potatoes graham crackers and milk salami and gouda cheese

salami and gouda cheese Feedback: Rationale: Foods containing tyramine include aged and fermented products such as hard cheese, beer, ale, wines, hard sausages, and sauerkraut. The cheeses that are highest in tyramine include stilton, bleu, cheddar, mozzarella, gruyuere, munster, feta, parmesan, and gorgonzola.

A Type 2 diabetic following a weight-loss regimen has been advised to select from only the Lean Meat or Very Lean Meat exchange lists. The best choice would be: ground turkey Mozzarella cheese salmon peanut butter

salmon Feedback: Rationale: Ground turkey and Mozzarella cheese are on the Medium Fat Meat List, peanut butter is on the High Fat Meat List, and salmon is on the Lean Meat list.

The bakery has had a lot of complaints about the toughness of bread made yesterday. The cook discovered one of his ingredients still on the counter. Which ingredient would result in tougher yeast bread if omitted? salt sugar soda butter

salt Feedback: Salt limits the growth rate of the yeast to prevent toughness

A patient with an ileostomy would have an above-average need for: salt and water iron water-soluble vitamins protein

salt and water Feedback: An ileostomy will cause excessive losses in the stool of water and salt. (Since the small intestine has not been removed, the water-soluble vitamins should be adequately absorbed in the jejunum.) Patients should drink at least 2 quarts of water daily and should consume a normal diet, which provides adequate sodium.

Institute of Medicine has published recommendations to prevent childhood obesity. The recommendations include: improved physical environments, taxes on sugar sweetened beverages schools to improve nutrition quality of food, increase physical activity, and wellness education food industry to improve nutrition education to customers, mandatory nutrition counseling to children and parents improve access to healthy foods, remove "junk foods" from SNAP approved list of foods

schools to improve nutrition quality of food, increase physical activity, and wellness education FEEDBACK Vital statistics (usually kept at county health departments) are an epidemiological method to calculate rates of occurrence of a health problem that can be used to compare rates in different groups of people and assess risks of dying before a certain age. Statistics related to existing cases is prevalence

Many food producers have their own brand names and define their own quality. To ensure the desired quality is purchased, you should: write specifications on all food products buy only "fancy" grades set up a can cutting purchase different brands and determine the one that most meets your standards

set up a can cutting Feedback: Because not all fruits and vegetables are graded by the USDA, a can cutting is the only means of acquiring first-hand information.

The energy needs of a child with PKU are: similar to those of a healthy child significantly less than the energy needs of a healthy child two times greater than the needs of a healthy child three times greater than the needs of a healthy child

similar to those of a healthy child Feedback: Children with PKU have been shown to have similar energy needs and amino acid requirements than those of healthy children.

During an interview you are given a scenario and asked to describe how you would react under the circumstances. This is an example of: structured interview situational interview stressful interview semi-structured interview

situational interview Feedback: Situational interviews are designed to put a prospective employee in a situation that he/she might encounter on the job. Interviewer bias must be guarded against.

A pregnant woman presents in the emergency room with hyperemesis gravidarum. It is determined that she has metabolic alkalosis. The lungs will respond to this condition by: slowing respirations to retain more CO2 hyperventilating to excrete more CO2 exchanging sodium ions for hydrogen ions synthesizing additional arachidonic acid

slowing respirations to retain more CO2 Feedback: In metabolic alkalosis, there is excessive acid loss, leading to low CO2 and elevated pH. The lungs compensate by retaining CO2 through the slowing of respirations.

Children with Cystic Fibrosis need to have their diet supplemented with which of the following due to increased losses in sweat? potassium sodium phosphorus zinc

sodium One of the characteristics of Cystic Fibrosis is high concentrations of sodium in sweat. Inadequate intake of sodium and increased losses of sodium through fever, diarrhea, or physical exercise may contribute to the increased sodium requirements of these children.

A 37-year-old patient with chronic alcohol abuse who continues to consume excessive alcohol is admitted with the following labs and symptoms: an elevated ammonia level, ascites, hyponatremia, and 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. Identify the appropriate medical nutrition therapy recommendations: sodium and fluid restriction, low protein liberalize sodium, restrict fluid, high protein sodium and fluid restriction, moderate protein sodium restriction, increase fluids, moderate protein

sodium and fluid restriction, moderate protein Feedback: A patient who has not shown hepatic encephalopathy may be given 1.0 - 1.2 g protein per kg. The diet is also sodium restricted and fluid restricted when ascites is present.

Phytoestrogens, isoflavonoid compounds having a weak estrogenic activity in the body are found in: carrots soybeans citrus fruit essential fatty acids

soy beans

Which of the following programs does USDA support? special milk program Medicare EPSDT Head start

special milk program USDA provides Food Stamp program, school lunch, school breakfast, and the special milk program

To assure that items delivered meet the needs of the institution it is important to develop: bid contract grade specification

specification Feedback: A specification is a statement that is readily understood by both buyers and suppliers of the required quality of products

The main benefit of using a microwave for heat processing trays/food is: speed rethermalizes evenly and quickly excellence quality products reduced costs

speed Feedback: Rationale: Use of microwaves for heating is very rapid and allows for "on demand" patient feeding.

A patient is admitted to the cardiac care unit with chronic atrial fibrillation. Initial nutrition screening indicates the patient is on Coumadin. Which food items should be monitored on the patient's menu? turnip greens and carrots spinach and broccoli cottage cheese and peaches eggs and bacon

spinach and broccoli Feedback: Rationale: Coumadin, or warfarin sodium is an anticoagulant, an agent that reduces clot-formation in the blood. Avoid excess vitamin K, as vitamin K plays a significant role in the blood-clotting cascade. Vitamin K interacts with and decreases the effectiveness of warfarin sodium. Vitamin K-rich vegetables include dark green, leafy vegetables such as cabbage, kale, and brussel sprouts.

You are preparing a menu for Seventh Day Adventists. Which menu would be the most acceptable? shrimp, salad, baked potato, and tea pork chops, mashed potatoes, cooked apples, cake, and decaffeinated tea spinach quiche, salad, fresh fruit, and decaffeinated coffee vegetable soup, crackers and peanut butter, carrot sticks, cookie, and tea

spinach quiche, salad, fresh fruit, and decaffeinated coffee Item (c) is the correct answer; it does not include meat products and uses decaffeinated coffee.

A bill has a better chance of becoming a law if it has a large number of: new ideas restrictions amendments sponsors and co-sponsors

sponsors and co-sponsors Feedback: A bill must have a member of the House or Senate as its sponsor. A majority vote is needed to pass the bill. The more sponsors and co-sponsors, the better chance it has for passage

The amount of time that a food is allowed to stand so that residual heat can be transferred by conduction is known as: irradiation standing time carryover cooking 15 minutes

standing time Feedback: The amount of time that a food is allowed to stand so that residual heat can be transferred by conduction is standing time. Food will continue to cook even after it is removed from the heat. This is commonly seen when cooking large roasts, baking custard pies, or microwaving.

A school bus left the regional tournament and stopped on the road for students to eat at a fast food restaurant and before the bus arrived home two hours later, several students were ill. Symptoms were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The most logical cause of this food-borne intoxication is: staphylococcal poisoning from beef patties that were pulled from the cooler and held at the grill Clostridium perfringes from hamburgers held over two hours under the warmer shigellosis from poor hand washing by employees listeria from the cheese product used on the sandwiches

staphylococcal poisoning from beef patties that were pulled from the cooler and held at the grill Feedback: Staphylococcal poisoning is most likely because its incubation time is 30 minutes to 8 hours. Listeria's incubation time is 7-30 days, perfinges' incubation time is 8-12 hours, and shigella's incubation time is 1-7 days.

Sneeze guards are placed on salad bars to protect the food from which of the following: salmonella escherichia coli campylobacter jejuni staphylococcus aureus

staphylococcus aureus Feedback: The food poising agent staphlococcus aureus may be present in the nasal passages of many people.

The 2003 Exchange Lists for Meal Planning include which of the following food groups as the Carbohydrate Group: starch, fruit, vegetable and milk starch, fruit, fat and milk starch, fruit, meat and milk starch, fruit, vegetable and lean meat

starch, fruit, vegetable and milk Feedback: The Carbohydrate Group contains lists for starches, fruits, vegetables and milk.

When a natural cheese is heated to a high temperature, the result will be: a pleasant browning of the food product an intensifying of the flavors the cheese becoming hard and dark stringiness, toughness and a separation of fat

stringiness, toughness and a separation of fat Feedback: Cheeses with a low fat content exhibit more of these characteristics than high fat cheeses. Processed cheeses with emulsifiers added are better for cooking.

After a dietitian has reviewed a patient's medical and diet history, she goes to see the patient. During this visit she assesses that the patient has nails that are smooth, firm and pink; smooth or magenta tongue, hair that is shiny, firm in scalp. What technique is she utilizing? selective global assessment subjective global assessment nutrition care process physical assessment

subjective global assessment

Three months after a training session on the proper use and cleaning of the tilting frying pan, the foodservice manager administers a written test to the cooks to assess their knowledge. What type of evaluation is being performed? criterion-referenced summative formative reliability

summative Feedback: Summative evaluation is used at the end of a learning activity to appraise quality. Follow-up summative evaluation measures the degree of knowledge retention.

The manager is evaluating purchasing decisions. Which is the most important and should be considered first? delivery days invoice system supplier selection payment method

supplier selection Feedback: The choice of supplier is going to determine the quality, delivery, and price of food and other materials.

A young man with Type 1 Diabetes is suffering with an intestinal flu, and experiencing frequent vomiting and diarrhea. The dietitian should instruct him to: hold insulin, liberalize diet, check urine for ketones take insulin, liberalize diet, encourage fluids, check urine for ketones take insulin, consume simple CHO, restrict fluids hold insulin, restrict po intake, check urine for ketones

take insulin, liberalize diet, encourage fluids, check urine for ketones Feedback: Rationale: Sick day guidelines for persons with diabetes include taking usual doses of insulin, urine testing for ketones, and consuming ample amounts of liquid and liquid or soft carbohydrate-containing foods.

The most appropriate snack for a patient on a neutropenic diet would be: tang and graham crackers banana and peanut butter fresh squeezed lemonade and ginger snaps carnation instant breakfast with a raw egg

tang and graham crackers Feedback: Neutropenic diets should be low bacteria. The lowest bacteria choice is tang and graham crackers. Foods to avoid: raw fish, meats, mold containing unpasturized cheeses, raw fruits and vegetables, dried fruit, raw or fresh roasted nuts, pastires that require refrigeration, dry/fresh spices added after cooking, and herbal supplements.

Based on the following PES statement, which intervention appears most appropriate:Swallowing difficulty RT esophageal tumors AEB radiological findings, decreased food/beverage intake to less than 25% of meal served and observations of coughing, choking and pained facial expression while eating and drinking. serve six small meals a day change consistency to pureed provide patient education on the importance of eating adequate calories and protein team meeting

team meeting

An example of ordinal data is: marital status Fahrenheit degrees test scores gender

test scores Feedback: Ordinal data ranks order along a scale or dimension. (shortest to tallest, lowest test score to highest test score, etc.)

The facility you are working in has purchased standardized menus. This means that they need: calculated costs test the recipes calculated nutrition components develop purchasing guidelines for new ingredients

test the recipes

The facility you are working in has purchased standardized menus. This means that they need: develop purchasing guidelines for new ingredients calculated costs test the recipes calculated nutrition components

test the recipes Feedback: Standardization requires repeated testing to ensure the the product meets the standards of quality and quantity that have been established by management. A standardized recipe must be retested whenever a small change is made in an ingredient, such as a substitution of frozen for fresh vegetables.

You are looking for a guide to specifications for fruits and vegetables. The most help could be found in: the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the U.S. Department of Commerce the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) the National Restaurant Association

the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) The USDA has established grading standards for fruits, vegetables, eggs, poultry, dairy, and meat products.

the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Feedback: The USDA has established grading standards for fruits, vegetables, eggs, poultry, dairy, and meat products.

The governmental office that provides information on compensation and job responsibilities is: the National Labor Relations Board the Unemployment Office the US Department of Employment the US Department of Labor

the US Department of Labor Feedback: Rationale: The US Department of Labor provides information on compensation and job responsibilities. It can be used to determine whether a specific occupation is exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act, specifically minimum wage and overtime regulations.

Many bills require money in order to implement them; these bills must become part of the federal budget. Because they have jurisdiction over revenue bills, ______ is a very powerful committee. the Finance Committee the Budget and Tax Committee the House the Ways and Means Committee

the Ways and Means Committee Feedback: Appropriation Committee provides money for programs. The Ways and Means Committee has jurisdiction over revenue bills, making it very powerful

When a law is passed who is responsible for writing the regulations? congress senate combined committee of senators and representatives the appropriate federal agency

the appropriate federal agency The law is reviewed by the appropriate federal agency that is responsible for issuing regulations.

Vegetables that have thiols are considered to be the most protective against cancer. Thiols are found in: prunes and other dried fruits flax seed, oats, and barley food that contain blue, blue-red, and violet pigments the cabbage family

the cabbage family

A roast was prepared for the evening meal. Guests complained that the product was tough and dry. Which factor below would have the most influence on this outcome? the length of storage time the connective tissue the muscle type the cooking process

the cooking process Feedback: When heated protein denatures and fat melts. The length of cooking time and the temperature used can influence juiciness.

A dietitian is reviewing the medical record of a hospitalized patient. She notes that the patient is 65% of his usual body weight and has had a poor appetite for four months. His albumin is 3.4 g/dL. This data likely indicates: the patient is mildly malnourished the patient does not need to be made a high priority, since albumin is only slightly depleted the patient may be suffering from protein-energy malnutrition and needs further assessment the patient has cancer

the patient may be suffering from protein-energy malnutrition and needs further assessment Feedback: The low body weight and poor appetite suggest marasmus, or protein-energy malnutrition. In the form of malnutrition, serum protein levels are typically only slightly low, as the body goes into adapted starvation and uses up its fat stores for energy before depleting protein stores.

An increase in energy expenditure associated with the consumption of food is called: food temperature thermic effect of food resting metabolic rate basal metabolic rate

thermic effect of food Feedback: Approximately, 10% of our total energy expenditure arises from the thermic effect of food (TEF). TEF is the increase in energy expenditure associated with the consumption of food.

What is the vitamin deficiency associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy? thiamin niacin vitamin A pyridoxine

thiamin Rationale: The effects of chronic alcoholism on nutrient metabolism include the development of Wernicke's encephalopathy. The most severe form of thiamin deficiency is Wernicke's encephalopathy, characterized by visual disorders, ataxia, confusion, and coma.

Beriberi is the deficiency of which water-soluble vitamin? folic acid niacin thiamin pyrodixine

thiamin Feedback: Thiamin deficiency is characterized by anorexia and weight loss. The deficiency state manifests as beriberi. Symptoms of beriberi include mental confusion, muscular wasting, peripheral neuropathy, tachycardia, and cardiomegaly.

A 37-year-old patient is admitted with chronic alcohol abuse and continues to consume excessive alcohol. Which of the following vitamins should be recommended? thiamin and zinc thiamin and folate vitamin C and folate vitamin C and vitamin E

thiamin and folate Feedback: Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk for vitamin deficiencies. If the patient is still consuming alcohol, thiamin and folate supplements must be prescribed to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy and macrocytic anemia, respectively.

A 23 year old young woman has been following a high carbohydrate diet while training vigorously for a triathlon. She collapsed during one of her training runs. At the hospital it was determined; she had biventricular heart failure with pulmonary congestion. What nutritional deficiency was she determined to have developed? riboflavin iron thiamine pyridoxine

thiamine Feedback: Rationale: Without thiamine pyrophosphate, pyruvate is unable to be converted to acetyl CoA and enter into tri-carboxylic acid cycle. This results in energy deprivation of the heart muscle.

What does it mean to have prime supplier or single source supplier? one supplier gets all your business this supplier is used for most purchases this supplier will provide the premium line of products you will purchase the suppliers brands

this supplier is used for most purchases Feedback: A prime supplier is used for most purchases

Iodine constitutes a significant part of which two hormones? insulin and glucagon epinephrine and triiodothyronine thyroid releasing factor and thyroxine thyroxine and triiodothyronine

thyroxine and triiodothyronine Feedback: The major function of iodine is its role in the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

The main reason for maintaining an inventory system is: for production work to not be delayed to prevent thievery to determine budget compliance to determine when and how much to order

to determine when and how much to order

The process of transferring nitrogen between amino acids and carbohydrates is called: transamination transference translation transcription

transamination Feedback: Transamination is the process by which nitrogen is transferred between amino acids and carbohydrates.

A malnourished patient's response to enteral nutrition support would best be measured with: albumin creatinine height index blood urea nitrogen transthyretin

transthyretin Feedback: Rationale: Because transthyretin has a half-life of 2-3 days, it is very useful in monitoring improvements in protein energy status.

Span of control can be increased without losing effectiveness by all of the following except: having clearly defined policies work simplification principles decrease the complexity of the job having a well-trained staff trusting the staff more

trusting the staff more Feedback: The staff must be equipped to function independently and understand the framework that the company has established.

The amino acid that is converted to the neurotransmitter serotonin is: tyrosine tryptophan threonine valine

tryptophan Feedback: Tryptophan is converted to the neurotransmitter, serotonin and to niacin. Tyrosin is converted to neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine.

Your clinic provides nutrition intervention for parents of low-birthweight babies. What guidelines are used to determine low-birthweight? under 5.0 pounds under 5.5 pounds under 6.0 pounds under 6.5 pounds

under 5.5 pounds Feedback: Low birthweight infants are defined as infants who weigh less than 5.5 pounds (or 2500 grams).

As a manager of a Foodservice Department, you hear that an employee was very upset with a decision made by a first line supervisor. This employee makes an appointment with the VP over Foodservices. The VP states that he cannot get involved at this time and encourages the employee to talk to you. The principle at work is: unity of command time management scalar principle grievance procedure

unity of command Feedback: Unity of command means that an employee reports to one manager and must follow the chain of command on the organizational chart. They cannot "go over someone's head." The scalar principle works with a clear unbroken line of authority from the bottom to the top.

The main component of the solute load of the kidney is: water creatinine urea ammonia

urea Feedback: Rationale: The solute load of the kidney is defined as the "end waste products of metabolism." The largest contributor to the solute load is nitrogenous waste; uric acid, creatinine, and ammonia are found in smaller amounts.

Which of the following statements is not a good guideline for feeding infants? ensure the infant is gaining enough weight do not put the child to bed with a bottle, to prevent tooth decay use a microwave to heat formula to prevent colic give the breast-feeding infant vitamin D daily if deeply pigmented

use a microwave to heat formula to prevent colic Feedback: Rationale: Due to uneven heating, a microwave is not a good method for heating formula.

You are nearing the summer months and must plan for vacation coverage on the work schedule. You have a staff of 40; all are entitled to vacation time ranging from one to four weeks depending on seniority. You should: limit vacation time to one person per unit for one week grant requests based on seniority give bonus pay to employees willing to take time off at non peak times utilize temporary or leased employees

utilize temporary or leased employees Feedback: A reasonable effort should be made to grant vacations as employees desire them. Being very rigid can decrease morale. Summertime is usually a good time of year to hire students to cover for vacations. Leased employees from temporary agencies can be found to work in the dishroom, general foodservice, wait staff, secretarial, etc.

A glucometer is checked for accuracy by correlating the readings to serum glucose levels. Repeatedly, the readings are precisely the same. This indicates: precision validity reliability accuracy

validity Validity indicates whether the device what it is intended to measure. Reliability refers to the consistency and accuracy with which a device measures something in the same way in each situation. Validity infers reliability. The glucometer demonstrates validity.

The dietitian is asked to make enteral nutrition support recommendations for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy. The formula should be rich in: glutamine, alanine, and valine phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan valine, leucine, and isoleucine glutamine, valine, and leucine

valine, leucine, and isoleucine Feedback: Rationale: The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) - valine, leucine, and isoleucine - are not absorbed by the liver normally, but pass through to the systemic circulation. In hepatic encephalopathy, the liver does not remove many of the amino acids from the plasma, and all amino acids except the BCAAs are increased in concentration.

Patients that have lost their gut flora as a result of long-term antibiotic treatment, will likely suffer from which vitamin deficiency? folic acid vitamin B12 vitamin K pyridoxine

vitamin K Rationale: Few U.S. adults are likely to experience vitamin K deficiency. Exceptions are newborn infants whose intestinal tracts are not yet inhabited by bacteria and people who have taken antibiotics that have killed their intestinal bacteria.

What type of exercise is fueled entirely by the aerobic energy pathway? sprinting (200 yard dash) football gymnastics walking

walking Feedback: Some of the factors used to determine the type of energy source which the body will utilize include: intensity and duration of the exercise, a persons; fitness level and his/her diet. The energy for walking, which is generally considered a low to moderate exercise, is provided entirely by the Kreb cycle.

If an employee has a seriously ill spouse, parent, or child the Family and Medical Leave Act requires qualifying employers to annually allow: 10 weeks off with pay 8 weeks off with disability pay 12 weeks off with pay weeks off unpaid and job protection

weeks off unpaid and job protection Rationale: The Family and Medical Leave Act gives employees up to 12 weeks unpaid and job protected leave per year for themselves or for a spouse, parent, or child with a serious health condition.

If a child is chronically malnourished in what order would the growth parameters be affected: length first, weight, then head circumference weight first, length, then head circumference head circumference first, weight then length all are affected at the same time

weight first, length, then head circumference

When would public hearings be conducted regarding a bill? when in a committee before it is assigned a number when it is in the budget process when it comes to the floor for a vote

when in a committee Feedback: As bills work their way through the House and Senate, they are considered by several committees and subcommittees, which may hold public hearings and seek the testimony of interested persons before moving the bill forward.

When making lemon pie, the lemon juice should be added: to the sugar before heating at anytime to the water at the start of heating when the filling is removed from the heat

when the filling is removed from the heat Feedback: The lemon juice should be added when the filling is removed from the heat. The combination of an acid and heat causes hydrolysis of the starch molecules. This shortening of the molecules will result in a thinner filling.

Under what conditions would the mean, median and mode be approximately the same value? when you are using nonparametric statistical analysis when the standard deviation and the range of scores are equal when you have non-significant results when there is a normal distribution of scores

when there is a normal distribution of scores Feedback: As a result of the symmetry of a normal distribution or \"bell-shaped\" curve, the mean, median, and mode are approximately the same value.

Which of the follow is a risk factor for delivering a low-birthweight baby? women who exercise regularly women with anemia women over thirty women who are 19-20 years old

women with anemia Feedback: Reason: Women with anemia are at risk for low-birthweight babies.

Thoery Z is based on the following premise: workers accept responsibility when they understand the big picture self-directoin and control are natural qualities in humans task, structure, authority motivate people to increase productivity mutual worker-employer loyalty will provide a healthful work environment

workers accept responsibility when they understand the big picture

Which of the following hospitalized patients would be most likely to have a serum albumin of 1.5 g/dL? elderly nursing home resident with a Stage I decubitus on the right heel patient with exacerbation of symptoms of multiple sclerosis young male with ulcerative colitis, 2 days following surgery for a perforated bowel Type 2 diabetic with peripheral nephropathy

young male with ulcerative colitis, 2 days following surgery for a perforated bowel FEEDBACK: Albumin, a negative acute-phase respondent, will decrease proportionally to the severity of tissue injury associated with trauma, infection, or other physiologic insult. The young male with ulcerative colitis, 2 days following surgery for a perforated bowel would be the most likely to have a decreased serum albumin.

Name the equivalent measure for 12 Tablespoons. 1/3 cup ¾ cup 1 cup 1 quart

¾ cup Rational: 3 t = 1 TBSP 16 TBSP = 1 cup 2 cups = 1 pt. 2 pt. = 1 qt 4 qt = 1 gal

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