BA: Chapter 9: Motivating Employees

A culture that focuses on building personal relationships and before focusing on tasks is a high-context culture.

Blank 1: trust

True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".

False

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by:

Frederick Herzberg

Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:

Frederick Taylor

Henry L. Gantt was a follower of which management theorist?

Taylor

Select all that apply Managers can work to improve perceptions of equity by:

communicating as clearly as possible clarifying the results they expect from an employee clarifying expected outcomes from goals that are achieved

Select all that apply The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

setting goals with the employee rewarding employee accomplishments

Select all that apply The elements of scientific management include:

method rules of work time

When asked in a survey their reason for changing jobs:

more participants listed lack of appreciation

Herzberg studied the relationship between:

motivation and job-related factors

Select all that apply Which of the following factors are part of the job environment, but do not motivate workers?

pay friendly supervisors job security

Which is not an element of scientific management?

Human factors

Select all that apply Which of the following is about a manager's attitudes and assumptions about workers?

McGregor's Theory X McGregor's Theory Y

Select all that apply Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.

People like to work. People seek responsibility.

Select all that apply Select assumptions made by Theory X managers about people.

People prefer to avoid work. People must be controlled and forced to work. People are motivated to avoid punishment.

Workers in a high context culture find it important to

develop relationships before starting tasks

Select all that apply When using MBO, a manager must

formulate goals cooperatively with employees develop commitment to goals

Management by objectives works best:

in stable situations

Management by objectives means that managers:

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as ______ studies.

time-motion

A culture that focuses on the and views relationship building as a waste of time is a low-context culture.

Blank 1: task or work

A(n) - study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use.

Blank 1: time Blank 2: motion

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's Goal-setting theory

Select all that apply Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Henry L. Gantt

Select all that apply Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?

rules of work method time

Select all that apply What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?

To reward the accomplishment of organization goals To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation To monitor the results of implementing goals

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of factors that contributed to increased worker productivity during the Hawthorne studies?

Worker involvement in managerial decisions. Social group membership and informality. Management respect and interaction.

Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:

father

Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful:

empowerment

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:

naturally like to work

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called

Blank 1: scientific Blank 2: management

Employee involvement and group membership were two of the reasons employees gave as the reason for increased during the Hawthorne studies.

Blank 1: productivity, performance, motivation, or output

Job involves moving workers from one task to the next to make work more interesting and motivating.

Blank 1: rotation

Taylor's goal was to increase worker efficiency and in order to benefit both the firm and workers.

Blank 1: productivity

Frederick Taylor wrote:

The Principles of Scientific Management

The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are:

Gen X

Self-managed teams improve productivity because the members appreciate having the to control their own work.

Blank 1: autonomy, authority, or freedom

According to Herzberg's theory, good working conditions are a(n)

Blank 1: hygiene or maintenance Blank 2: factor

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals is an example of a(n) reward.

Blank 1: intrinsic

An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers work.

Blank 1: like or enjoy

Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough to solve problems and meet objectives.

Blank 1: autonomy, freedom, control, or authority

Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open throughout an organization.

Blank 1: communication

Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with because they want more of it themselves.

Blank 1: feedback

Select all that apply What was the goal of Taylor's scientific management?

Benefit the firm Benefit the worker Increase worker productivity

According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type management relies on individual decision making and achievement.

Blank 1: A

theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward.

Blank 1: Expectancy or Vroom's

Which element in the work environment was found to be dissatisfying when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers?

Job security

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

Scientific

If one manager views most employees as motivated to do work while a second manager views most employees as lazy, they are operating under which of the following management theories respectively?

Theory Y and Theory X

Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the needed for each is time-motion study.

Time

True or false: Frederick Taylor's studies were the foundation to Henry Gantt's chart development.

True

Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of:

a time-motion study

Select all that apply To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:

allowing autonomy developing workers' skills respecting workers

Vroom's expectancy theory states that the:

amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome

The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:

an intrinsic reward

Findings during the Hawthorne Studies that still affect management today include:

consulting employees during the decision making process and using their ideas

While workers in the United States are more task oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a ______ context culture and the U.S. is a ______ context culture.

high, low

According to Herzberg, another name for hygiene factors is:

maintenance factors

A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called

management by objectives

Companies can minimize the perception of unfairness in the workplace by having clear and frequent communication:

with all employees

"The Principles of Scientific Management" was written by

Blank 1: Frederick Blank 2: Taylor

theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.

Blank 1: Goal Blank 2: Setting

According to a survey of recent college graduates, opportunities for are important in attracting and retaining employees.

Blank 1: advancement, promotion, or growth

Select all that apply According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?

Rapid promotion Individual decision making

Select all that apply According to Herzberg's study, which of the following were listed by workers as among the top 5 factors that create motivation instead of being dissatisfiers on the job?

Sense of achievement Earned recognition for a job

Select all that apply Taylor's method was to:

determine the one "best" way study the most efficient way to do a task teach people the one best way to do their jobs

Select all that apply Gen X managers understand that:

results are more important than hours spent in the workplace there is more to life than work flexibility and consensus building work well

Management by objectives is most effective in stable situations that allow managers to make - plans with few changes.

Blank 1: long Blank 2: range or term

Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to employees around the world.

Blank 1: motivate, manage, or reward

An assumption made by a Theory X manager about people is:

the primary motivator is fear

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide

Blank 1: motivation

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, after you have eaten, you are no longer to find food.

Blank 1: motivated

Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to

Blank 1: motivation

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n)

Blank 1: motivator

Moving a worker from one job to another to increase variety and motivation is

Blank 1: job Blank 2: rotation