Baroon WCU Patho Week 2 check you understanding
While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is A) anticoagulant therapy. B) chemotherapy. C) activity restriction. D) isolation.
C) activity restriction.
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes A) hypoxemia. B) reduced erythropoietin. C) chemotherapy. D) secondary polycythemia.
C) chemotherapy.
The effects of histamine release include a) vasoconstriction. b) bronchodilation. C) increased vascular permeability. d) decreased gut permeability.
C) increased vascular permeability.
RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus. A) negative; positive; positive B) positive; negative; negative C) negative; negative; positive D) negative; negative; negative
C) negative; negative; positive
Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling A) perfusion pressure. B) arterial blood pressure. C) vascular resistance. D) venous return to the heart.
C) vascular resistance.
Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count? A) Renal disease B) Aplastic anemia C) Hypertension D) Hemolytic anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia
The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is A) IgA. B) IgG. C) IgM. D) IgE.
D) IgE
What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved? A) Resistance doubles. B) Resistance decreases by a factor of 16. C) Resistance decreases by half. D) Resistance increases by a factor of 16.
D) Resistance increases by a factor of 16.
Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure. A) increases capillary oncotic B) increases arterial blood C) decreases tissue D) increases capillary hydrostatic
D) increases capillary hydrostatic
The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of A) viscosity. B) the vessel length. C) the vessel radius. D) resistance.
D) resistance.
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is A) DiGeorge. B) Bruton agammaglobulinemia. C) Wiskott-Aldrich. D) selective IgA.
D) selective IgA.
In increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with A) hyperthermia. B) shift to the right. C) elevated PCO2. D) shift to the left.
D) shift to the left.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions. True False
False
Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia. True False
False
A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is a) ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) b) CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) c) AML (acute myeloid leukemia) d) CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
a) ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is a) Bence Jones proteins in the urine. b) decreased platelet count. c) increased IgM antibody titer. d) elevated blood glucose levels.
a) Bence Jones proteins in the urine.
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease? a) HIV/AIDS B) Malnutrition immunodeficiency C) Cancer immunodeficiency D) Radiation immunodeficiency
a) HIV/AIDS
Which causes vasoconstriction? a) Norepinephrine b) Calcium channel blocker c) α-Adrenergic antagonist d) Acetylcholine
a) Norepinephrine
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation? a) Thrombocytopenia b) Vascular trauma c) Stasis of blood flow d) Circulatory shock
a) Thrombocytopenia
The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called a) bcr-abl. b) Rb. c) p53. d) ARA-c.
a) bcr-abl.
Velocity of blood flow is measured in a) centimeters per second. b) millimeters per minute. c) yards per hour. d) kilometers per minute.
a) centimeters per second.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n) a) deficient immune response. b) excessive immune response. c) primary acquired immunodeficiency. d) hypersensitivity reaction.
a) deficient immune response.
A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is a) elevated total iron-binding capacity. b) elevated MCHC and MCV. c) elevated total and indirect bilirubin. d) positive direct or indirect Coombs test.
a) elevated total iron-binding capacity.
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves a) impaired muscle function. b) symptoms of hyperthyroidism. c) symptoms of arthritis or polyarthralgia. d) symptoms of glomerular disease.
a) impaired muscle function.
The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII. true false
true
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord. true false
true
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia? a) CR is the absence of leukemic cells in the blood. b) CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values. c) CR is absence of leukemic cells regardless of CBC values. d) CR is less than 5% leukemic cells in the blood.
b) CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
What is necessary for red blood cell production? a) Phosphate b) Iron c) Magnesium d) Calcium
b) Iron
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as a) carboxyhemoglobin. b) bicarbonate ion. c) dissolved carbon dioxide. d) carbonic acid.
b) bicarbonate ion.
When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow a) increases. b) decreases. c) stays the same. d) moves to the extremities.
b) decreases.
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called a) hemophilia B. b) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). c) Hageman disease. d) idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura.
b) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of a) platelet function. b) extrinsic pathway. c) intrinsic pathway. d) fibrinolysis.
b) extrinsic pathway.
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they a) contain cytoplasmic proteins. b) have no cytoplasmic organelles. c) have a longer life span. d) contain glycolytic enzymes.
b) have no cytoplasmic organelles.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to a) enhance fibrinolysis. b) inhibit clotting factor consumption. c) activate platelets. d) enhance liver synthesis of clotting factors.
b) inhibit clotting factor consumption.
Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include a) edema. b) intermittent claudication. c) decreased pressure proximal to the obstruction. d) distal hyperemia.
b) intermittent claudication
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of a) iron. b) intrinsic factor. c) folate. d) erythropoietin.
b) intrinsic factor.
The cause of the most common form of anemia is a) acute bleeding. b) iron deficiency. c) protein malnutrition. d) chronic disease.
b) iron deficiency.
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the a) bone marrow. b) kidney. c) lung. d) liver.
b) kidney.
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is a) volume expansion with saline. b) measured to improve oxygenation. c) phlebotomy. d) chemotherapy.
b) measured to improve oxygenation.
The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the a) Bohr effect. b) oxygen-hemoglobin affinity. c) dissociation curve. d) hemoglobin synthesis.
b) oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.
Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by a) cardiac output. b) the autonomic nervous system. c) velocity. d) hemodynamics.
b) the autonomic nervous system.
Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure. A. systolic B. mean arterial C. diastolic D. pulse
B. mean arterial
A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction. A) I B) II C) III D) IV
C) III
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children? A) ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) B) CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) C) AML (acute myeloid leukemia) D) CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
A) ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with A) Epstein-Barr virus. B) radiation exposure. C) immunodeficiency syndromes. D) history of cigarette smoking.
A) Epstein-Barr virus.
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Spleen D) Pancreas
A) Liver
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)? A) Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising B) Vertebral fracture, hypercalcemia, bone pain C) Elevated WBC count found on routine examination, asymptomatic D) Painless enlarged cervical lymph node, fever, weight loss
A) Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising
The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation? A) Q = P/R B) Q = R/P C) R = PQ D) P = Q/R
A) Q = P/R
Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of A) glucose. B) fats. C) proteins. D) acetyl coenzyme A.
A) glucose.
A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with A) hemophilia. B) liver dysfunction. C) disseminated intravascular coagulation. D) thrombocytopenia.
A) hemophilia.
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because A) massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation. B) toxins released into the blood interfere with cardiac function. C) anaphylaxis results in large volume losses secondary to sweating. D) hypoxia resulting from bronchoconstriction impairs cardiac function
A) massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.
A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of A) vitamin K deficiency. B) hemophilia B. C) hemophilia A. D) idiopathic thrombocytopenia
A) vitamin K deficiency.
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with A)ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia). B)CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia). C)AML (acute myeloid leukemia). D)CML (chronic myeloid leukemia).
A)ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).
A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years. A) 6 months and 2 B) 4 and 7 C) 15 and 18 D) 25 and 45
B) 4 and 7
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome? A) Peripheral edema B) Absent peripheral pulses C) Redness and swelling D) Atrophy of distal tissues
B) Absent peripheral pulses
Which condition enhances lymphatic flow? A) Increased tissue hydrostatic pressure B) Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure C) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure D) Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B) Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction? A) Pain B) Purpura C) Pallor D) Pulselessness
B) Purpura
A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is A) monocytes. B) mast cells. c) neutrophils. D)cytotoxic cells.
B) mast cells.
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both A) hyperchromic. B) microcytic. C) genetic. D) responsive to iron therapy.
B) microcytic.
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by A) donor antigens. B) recipient antibodies. C) donor T cells. D) recipient T cells.
B) recipient antibodies.
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of A) the extrinsic pathway. B) the intrinsic pathway. C) factor VIII synthesis. D) plasminogen.
B) the intrinsic pathway.
The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor. True False
TRUE
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease. True False
True
The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor. True False
True
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL. a) 19.4 b) 1909.8 c) 210 d) 21.05
a) 19.4
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins. a) complement b) antibody receptor c) HLA or MHC d) TCR or BCR
c) HLA or MHC
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia? a) Vitamin B12 deficiency b) Folate deficiency c) Iron deficiency d) Erythropoietin deficiency
c) Iron deficiency
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease? a) Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) b) Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) c) Myeloma d) Hodgkin disease
c) Myeloma
Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum a) hemoglobin. b) methemoglobin. c) bilirubin. d) erythropoietin.
c) bilirubin.
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is a) iron administration. b) high-protein diet. c) erythropoietin administration. d) vitamin B12 and folate administration.
c) erythropoietin administration.
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is a) iron administration. b) high-protein diet. c) erythropoietin administration. d)vitamin B12 and folate administration.
c) erythropoietin administration.
Treatment for hemophilia A includes a) heparin administration. b) factor IX replacement. c) factor VIII replacement. d) platelet transfusion.
c) factor VIII replacement.
A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs a) activation of the coagulation cascade. b) platelet aggregation. c) platelet adhesion to injured tissue. d) platelet production.
c) platelet adhesion to injured tissue.
A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with a) petechiae. b) purpura. c) telangiectasia. d) thrombocytosis.
c) telangiectasia.
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by a) platelet factors. b) collagen exposure. c) tissue thromboplastin. d) factor VII.
c) tissue thromboplastin.
Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome? a) ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) b) CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) c) AML (acute myeloid leukemia) d) CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
d) CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type a) I. b) II. c) III. d) IV.
d) IV.
What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia? a) Leukocytosis b) Thrombocythemia c) Neutrophilia d) Pancytopenia
d) Pancytopenia
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow? a) An arteriole b) A capillary c) A venule d) The vena cava
d) The vena cava
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is a) acetaminophen. b) tobacco. c) caffeine. d) aspirin.
d) aspirin.
The final step in clot formation is a) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. b) platelet degranulation and adhesion. c) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. d) clot retraction.
d) clot retraction.
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they a) run high fevers. b) have unusually high WBC counts. c) develop brain infections. d) develop recurrent infections.
d) develop recurrent infections.
Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have a) thalassemia. b) spherocytosis. c) sickle cell anemia. d) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
d) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is a) vomiting. b) anemia. c) alopecia. d) infection.
d) infection.
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to a) factor IX. b) white blood cells. c) red blood cells. d) platelets.
d) platelets.
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to a) elieve edema. b) prevent clot dislodgement. c) dissolve the thrombus. d) prevent further clot formation.
d) prevent further clot formation.
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is a) stroke. b) hypertensive crisis. c) extremity necrosis. d) pulmonary embolus.
d) pulmonary embolus.
An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with a) hyperthermia. b) shift to the right. c) elevated PCO2. d) shift to the left.
d) shift to the left.
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which a) there is a high rejection rate. b) stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor. c) stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin. d) stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
d) stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.