Basics Of Electricity

Two prong plug

All Electrical Appliances must haveat least two rectangular electrical connections, or prongs, on the plug. The two prongs supply electric current to the circuit.

Ampere (A)

Also call amps,these measure the strength of the current running through a wire (The number of electrons flowing through a wire)

Rectifier

Apparatus used to change alternating current into direct current.

Converter

Apparatus used to change direct current into alternating current. A charger is an example of this.

Galvanic Current

Most common, is a constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

Cathode

Negative Electrode, usually black and is marked with an N or a (-) sign

Direct Current (DC)

This is a constant, even-flowing current traveling in one direction. It produces a chemical reaction. Batteries use it

Alternating current (AC)

This is a rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction and then another. It produces a mechanical action. Appliances plugged into the wall use an alternating current.

Anode

positive electrode and is usually red marked with a P or a (+) sign

Fuse

prevents the over heating of an electric wire. Or excessive current from passing through a circuit. it is designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit with too much current.

Visible spectrum

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. The colors of light that we can visibly see without the aid of technology.

Green Light

reduces hyperpigmentation reduces redness calms and soothes

Yellow Light

reduces swelling and inflammation, improves lymphatic flow, detoxifies and increases circulation

wave length

the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves

Anaphoresis

the process of forcing or infusing an alkaline (negative) liquid product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole

Electrotherapy

the use of electric currents to treat the skin

OHM (O)

this measures the resistance of an electric current. The force or voltage must be stronger than the resistance of this for electricity to flow thru the wire.

Infared Light

used mainly during hair conditioning treatments and color processing. has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply has less energy and produces more heat than visible light. wavelength is too long to be visible to human eye

1 kilowatt-hour

will power a tv for 3 hours, run a 100-watt bulb for 12 hours amd keep am electric clock ticking for 3 months

Kilowatt (kW)

is 1000 watts. The electricity in your house is measured in this per hour.

Intense Pulse Light

is a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpgimentation, rosacra and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores and excessive hair. must be provided under care of physician

Desincrustation

is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicles. Desincrustation is frequently used to treat acne.

Circuit Breaker

is a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload. Circuit breakers have replaced fuses in modern electric circuits.

Conductor

is any substance, material or medium that conducts electricity. Most metals are good conductors like: Copper is good and is used in electric wiring and electric motors. Pure water does not conduct electricity but the ions on ordinary water make it a good conductor.

Active Electrode

is the electrode used on the area to be treated

invisible light

is the light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye

waveform

is the measurement of the distance between two wavelengths

Electromagnetic spectrum

is the name given to all of the forms of energy. It is made up of radio waves, micro waves, light waves, X rays and gamma rays.

Polarity

is the negative or positive pole of an electric current

Inactive Electrode

is the opposite pole from the active electrode.

Complete Electric Circuit

is the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.

Iontophoresis

is the process of infusing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine

Ultraviolet C (UVC)

light is blocked by the ozone layer. If the earth loses the protective layer of the ozone life will no longer exist.

Microcurrent

low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses. used for Iontophoresis, firming toning, and soothing skin,

Invisible Ultra Violet Light

makes up 5% of natural sunlight

Invisible Infared Light

makes up 60% of natural sunlight

Micro Current should not be used

on clients with pacemakers epilepsy cancer pregnancy phlibetis or thrombosis or is under a physicians care for certain treatments

DO NOT USE negative galvanic current

on skin with broken cappillaries or pustular acne conditions or on clients with high blood pressure or metal implants

Wall Plate

(facial stimulation) instrument that plugs into an ordinary wall outlet that produces different types of electrical currents, used for facial & scalp treatments.

Electricity Travels

186,000 miles per second

two types of electric current

DIRECT AND ALTERNATING

Electricity

Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties so it is not matter. It is a form of energy that when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.

Light Emitting Diode

LED is a medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve collagen content in the skin

Blue Light

Reduces Acne and Bacteria

Steamer or vaporizers

These produce moist, uniform heat that can e applied to the head and face.

Modalities

The currents used for facial or scalp treatment, they produce different effects on the skin. The primary used in cosmetology are galvanic current, micro-current, and Tesla high-frequency current.

Electric Current

This is the flow of electricity along a conductor. all Substances can be classified as either conductors or insulator, depending on the ease with which a current ca be transmitted through them.

Watt (W)

This measures how much electric energy is being used in one second.

Ultraviolet Light

UV Light aka cold light, actinic light is invisble light that has a short wavelength giving it higher energy, is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible lights, kills some germs, produces less heat

Visible Spectrum of light

Visible light, makes up only 35% of natural sunlight

Photothermolysis

a process that turns the light from the laser into heat.

Laser

acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation, uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.

Nonconductor

aka Insulator is a substance that does not easily transmit electricity. Rubber, Silk, Wood, Glass and cement are good insulator.

Light Therapy

aka phototherapy is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.

Volt (V)

aka voltage - is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor. Higher voltage increases strength of current because more electrons are moving; lower is weaker. Ex Air conditioner used more power than a table fan.

Milliampere (mA)

is 1/1000 of an ampere. The current used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in this; an ampere current would be too strong.

Electrode

also known as a probe, apparatus that conducts the electric current from the machine to the clients skin, usually made of carbon glass or metal. (Each modality requires two probes, one negative and one positive.

Catalysts

are substances that speed up chemical reaction use heat as energy source while others use light, abosrb energy like a battery

Telsa High Frequency Current

characterized by a high rate of oscillation or vibration and commonly call the Violet Ray. It is used for scalp and facial treatments. Like thinning hair, itchy scalp and dry skin or excessive oily skin.

Grounding

completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.

Cataphoresis

forces or infuses an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole

short wavelengths

have a higher frequency

long wavelengths

have low frequency

Red Light

increases circulation improves collagen and elastin production, stimulates wound healing