Basics Of Electricity
Two prong plug
All Electrical Appliances must haveat least two rectangular electrical connections, or prongs, on the plug. The two prongs supply electric current to the circuit.
Ampere (A)
Also call amps,these measure the strength of the current running through a wire (The number of electrons flowing through a wire)
Rectifier
Apparatus used to change alternating current into direct current.
Converter
Apparatus used to change direct current into alternating current. A charger is an example of this.
Galvanic Current
Most common, is a constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.
Cathode
Negative Electrode, usually black and is marked with an N or a (-) sign
Direct Current (DC)
This is a constant, even-flowing current traveling in one direction. It produces a chemical reaction. Batteries use it
Alternating current (AC)
This is a rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction and then another. It produces a mechanical action. Appliances plugged into the wall use an alternating current.
Anode
positive electrode and is usually red marked with a P or a (+) sign
Fuse
prevents the over heating of an electric wire. Or excessive current from passing through a circuit. it is designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit with too much current.
Visible spectrum
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. The colors of light that we can visibly see without the aid of technology.
Green Light
reduces hyperpigmentation reduces redness calms and soothes
Yellow Light
reduces swelling and inflammation, improves lymphatic flow, detoxifies and increases circulation
wave length
the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves
Anaphoresis
the process of forcing or infusing an alkaline (negative) liquid product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole
Electrotherapy
the use of electric currents to treat the skin
OHM (O)
this measures the resistance of an electric current. The force or voltage must be stronger than the resistance of this for electricity to flow thru the wire.
Infared Light
used mainly during hair conditioning treatments and color processing. has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply has less energy and produces more heat than visible light. wavelength is too long to be visible to human eye
1 kilowatt-hour
will power a tv for 3 hours, run a 100-watt bulb for 12 hours amd keep am electric clock ticking for 3 months
Kilowatt (kW)
is 1000 watts. The electricity in your house is measured in this per hour.
Intense Pulse Light
is a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpgimentation, rosacra and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores and excessive hair. must be provided under care of physician
Desincrustation
is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicles. Desincrustation is frequently used to treat acne.
Circuit Breaker
is a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload. Circuit breakers have replaced fuses in modern electric circuits.
Conductor
is any substance, material or medium that conducts electricity. Most metals are good conductors like: Copper is good and is used in electric wiring and electric motors. Pure water does not conduct electricity but the ions on ordinary water make it a good conductor.
Active Electrode
is the electrode used on the area to be treated
invisible light
is the light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye
waveform
is the measurement of the distance between two wavelengths
Electromagnetic spectrum
is the name given to all of the forms of energy. It is made up of radio waves, micro waves, light waves, X rays and gamma rays.
Polarity
is the negative or positive pole of an electric current
Inactive Electrode
is the opposite pole from the active electrode.
Complete Electric Circuit
is the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.
Iontophoresis
is the process of infusing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine
Ultraviolet C (UVC)
light is blocked by the ozone layer. If the earth loses the protective layer of the ozone life will no longer exist.
Microcurrent
low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses. used for Iontophoresis, firming toning, and soothing skin,
Invisible Ultra Violet Light
makes up 5% of natural sunlight
Invisible Infared Light
makes up 60% of natural sunlight
Micro Current should not be used
on clients with pacemakers epilepsy cancer pregnancy phlibetis or thrombosis or is under a physicians care for certain treatments
DO NOT USE negative galvanic current
on skin with broken cappillaries or pustular acne conditions or on clients with high blood pressure or metal implants
Wall Plate
(facial stimulation) instrument that plugs into an ordinary wall outlet that produces different types of electrical currents, used for facial & scalp treatments.
Electricity Travels
186,000 miles per second
two types of electric current
DIRECT AND ALTERNATING
Electricity
Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties so it is not matter. It is a form of energy that when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.
Light Emitting Diode
LED is a medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve collagen content in the skin
Blue Light
Reduces Acne and Bacteria
Steamer or vaporizers
These produce moist, uniform heat that can e applied to the head and face.
Modalities
The currents used for facial or scalp treatment, they produce different effects on the skin. The primary used in cosmetology are galvanic current, micro-current, and Tesla high-frequency current.
Electric Current
This is the flow of electricity along a conductor. all Substances can be classified as either conductors or insulator, depending on the ease with which a current ca be transmitted through them.
Watt (W)
This measures how much electric energy is being used in one second.
Ultraviolet Light
UV Light aka cold light, actinic light is invisble light that has a short wavelength giving it higher energy, is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible lights, kills some germs, produces less heat
Visible Spectrum of light
Visible light, makes up only 35% of natural sunlight
Photothermolysis
a process that turns the light from the laser into heat.
Laser
acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation, uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.
Nonconductor
aka Insulator is a substance that does not easily transmit electricity. Rubber, Silk, Wood, Glass and cement are good insulator.
Light Therapy
aka phototherapy is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
Volt (V)
aka voltage - is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor. Higher voltage increases strength of current because more electrons are moving; lower is weaker. Ex Air conditioner used more power than a table fan.
Milliampere (mA)
is 1/1000 of an ampere. The current used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in this; an ampere current would be too strong.
Electrode
also known as a probe, apparatus that conducts the electric current from the machine to the clients skin, usually made of carbon glass or metal. (Each modality requires two probes, one negative and one positive.
Catalysts
are substances that speed up chemical reaction use heat as energy source while others use light, abosrb energy like a battery
Telsa High Frequency Current
characterized by a high rate of oscillation or vibration and commonly call the Violet Ray. It is used for scalp and facial treatments. Like thinning hair, itchy scalp and dry skin or excessive oily skin.
Grounding
completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.
Cataphoresis
forces or infuses an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole
short wavelengths
have a higher frequency
long wavelengths
have low frequency
Red Light
increases circulation improves collagen and elastin production, stimulates wound healing