Basis Flagstaff World History Packets and quizzes

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

Pre-history

"The time before writing was developed." To study humans during this time, historians rely on archeological and biological evidence (artifacts and fossils)

what is the english translation of the Muslim confession of faith

"There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God"

what is the Hijra and why is it important

"emigration" Muslims base ther system for assigning dates on this event, using the abbreviation (AH).

Muslim

"one who submits"

the name muslim means?

"one who submits"

what is the root meaning of the name islam

"surrender" or "submission" Islam can be summed up into submission to the one God or Allah

Moksha

(in Hinduism and Jainism) release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma. The transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the cycle of rebirth. state of perfect understanding of all things release from rebirth in Hinduism

what is the sunna of the prophets

(or "custom")of the Prophets is the second most important authority for Islam

Jesus was born _______ (year).

0 AD

Sacred

1. devoted or dedicated to a deity or to some religious purpose; consecrated. 2. entitled to veneration or religious respect by association with divinity or divine things; holy. ... pertaining to or connected with religion (opposed to secular or profane )

Day of judgement

1. mahdi will est order everywhere 2. Jesus will return to Jerusalem 3. allah judges everyone

Vedic

1.) of or relating to the Veda or Vedas. 2.) of or relating to the Aryans who settled in India c1500 b.c., or to their literature or religion.

Homo eructus appeared in Africa about ________ years ago.

1.5 million

What was the timeline of the Neolithic Revolution?

10,000 BC - 3,000 BC

two of Islam's prophets other than Muhammad

10. Abraham, whom Muslims regard as the father of the Arabs, just as he is father of the Isrealites. Moses, Judaism's greatest prophet, is also revered in Islam. He pronounced Allah's ethical laws, the Ten Commandments.

Some Persian Kings had over ____ children

100

The Eastern Roman Empire continued for almost ___________ years.

1000

arable

11% of Japan's land was ____.

Emperor Shi Huangdi unified China under a single leader, becoming the first Emperor of China at the age of

13

How many miles was the Great Wall of China

13,170

Less that _____ percent of the world's Muslims are Shite, or Shia; most Muslims are _____

15%, Sunni

The Han Emperor Wudi broght peace to the empire fo _____ years.

150

After Muhammad's death Muslims split into ______.

2 different groups

The Peloponnesian war was a _______ year war which engulfed all of __________.

27, Greece

Islam is the ____ largest religion

2nd

Australopithecus lived ____ years ago

3 million

Christians believe that there is only one God, but that this one god consisted of _______.

3 persons

Judaism is _______ years old

3000

Paleolithic life expectancy

35 years of age

The Great Wall of China was built over ___ different empires and emperors

4

Buddhism established 4 _____________ and 8 _________.

4 noble truths and 8 fold path

Buddhism is the ________ largest religion in the world

4th

Islam worshippers are called to prayer _________.

5 times a day

Facts about Daoism

550 BCE Founder Laoz Tse (Laozi) Founded in China Meditation Simple living End of striving

Spartans were in the Army until they were ____. They were unable to live with _____.

60, wives

Facts about Zoroastrinism

600 BCE Founder: Zoroaster Founded in Ancient Prussia Single high God Cosmic conflict between Good and Evil

THe first year of the Islamic Calendar is

622 AD

In the Spartan life ___ were taken from family.

7

Moses successfully led Jews back to the Promised Land to do this 3 things happened

7 plagues against Pharaoh, Final plague was killing the first born son of the Pharaoh, Jews spent 40 years wandering the desert

Semitic speaking people who used iron weapons to build an empire by

700

what % of mulims are non arabic

80% of muslims are non arabic

Hellenistic

= "to imitate Greeks"

Civilization

A civilization is generally defined as an advanced state of human society containing highly developed forms of government, culture, industry, and common social norms. The six of the most important and basic characteristics of a civilization are: Cities -> density of population, Governments -> State System, State religion, Social structure -> developed of a class system, Writing -> accumulated learning, • Representative art.

Civilization

A complex culture in which a large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements. A _____________________ is an advanced state of human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences. Six of the most important and basic characteristics of a _________________ are: Cities - density of population Government - state system State Religion Social structure - stratified social ranks Writing - accumulated learning Representative Art

Dynasty

A family of rulers.

Muslim

A follower of the religion of Islam.

Inflation

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Deity

A god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion). The creator and supreme being (in a monotheistic religion such as Christianity).

Toleration

A government policy of permitting forms of religious belief and worship not officially established. Ex. in Persia under Cyrus the Great.

Theocracy

A government ruled by religious authority. Sumerians believed that the gods ruled the cities and that government was established by divine authority, which is an example of _________________________. Also Ancient Egypt had this type of government.

Fief

A grant of land given by a lord to a vassal in return for an oath of loyalty and armed warriors was called a

Polis

A greek city-state

Define: Empire

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

Empire

A large geographic area with different states and peoples under a single ruler (emperor). Ex. an ___________________ conquers and rules other states.

Patriarchy

A male-dominated society, characteristic of the Neolithic Age and early civilizations.

Islamic

A minaret is found on what type of mosques?

Age of Exploration

A period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, when European explorers traveled west to claim land in the Americas.

Define: Nomadic

A person who moves from place to place

Hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca.

City-State

A political unit based on an independent urban center with its surrounding villages and countryside.

Cultural Assimilation

A process by which members of a group lose cultural characteristics that distinguish them from the dominant cultural group or take on the cultural characteristics of another group. Ex. Rome and Persia both _______________________ cultures. This means that both civilizations took in or adapted other cultures.

Define: Satrap/Satrapies

A provincial governor in Ancient Persian empire

Crusades

A series of military expedition made by European Christians to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

Alphabet

A series of symbols (letters) representing sounds. This is the most important cultural achievement of the Phoenicians, which became a model for later western cultures (Greek and Roman).

Silk Road

A series of trade routes that expanded from China to the Mediterranean Basin. Linked traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, and nomads. It contributed to the spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam

Class Divisions

A synonym of social hierarchy.

Bureaucracy

A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives is a what?

Feudalism

A system of mutual obligations where vassals exchange land and protection for service and loyalty.

Hierarchy

A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

Arabs trace their lineage to __________.

Abraham

Founder of Judaism

Abraham

Judaism was founded over 3000 years ago by ________. He is seen as the father of ____, _____, and _____.

Abraham, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were seen as ______ religions.

Abrahamic

one of three ___________ religions

Abrahamic

Who was the first Successor to Muhammad?

Abu Bakr

Abrahamic

According to tradition, Israelites were descendants of the patriarch. Example: Mohammed: Return to the old pure religion of Abraham

The upper part of the Greek city where the temples and public buildings were located.

Acropolis

Egalitarian

Adjective that describes the type of society Paleolithic humans lived in, in which man and women had equal responsibilities and there were no hierarchies among people.

Early human societies have been referred to as the Original ______ Society not because they had so much but because their material needs and wants were so _________.

Affluent, meager

At the end of the Punic Wars Carthage became a Roman Province of

Africa

Humans gradually migrated out of ________________ and spread around the world.

Africa

What continent did humans originate from?

Africa

Where did Australopithecus live 3-4 million years ago?

Africa

Greece

Africa and ____________ had city-states.

trade routes, islam

Africa's geography directly effected their ____ _____ which helped spread _________.

150-200,000 years ago Homo erectus migrates out of ______ into _______

Africa, Eurasia

similar

African stateless societies were culturally ___________.

kinship

African stateless societies were culturally similar and organized around _________ groups.

Vasco De Gama, India

After Bartholomeu Diaz explored who else did Portugal send to explore and where did he explore?

Ferdinand, Isabella, Spain, Inquisition, Heretics

After ____ (King) and __________ (Queen) united ____________ country they wanted to cement their authority so they started the ___________ (event) that tried to find people who didn't agree with the Church's teaching, these people were also called ___________.

Open air market place, usually below the Acropolis. Allowed for people to be outdoors and take an active part in commerce and politics.

Agora

population

Agricultural advancements led to increased food which led to larger and healthier ____ during the middle ages.

Persian kings became complacent and weaker until the Empire fell to the Greeks led by ___________ the Great.

Alexander

After the death of his father _____ had many conquests.

Alexander the Great

During Classical Greece who rose?

Alexander the Great

Philip II was the King of Macedonia when Sparta and Athens were united. He was the the father of ______.

Alexander the Great

The Peloponnesian war weakened both Athens and Sparta. This paved the way for ___________ to conquer all of Greece.

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great founded the city ________ in Egypt and lay the foundations of the spread of ________.

Alexandria, Hellenism

in 10,000 BCE where were homo sapiens found?

All over the world

Islam Diety

Allah

What were the consequences of a surplus of food?

Allowed to feed more people, populations increased into cities. This allowed others to work at jobs other than farming

Most of the elephants Hannibal used died as they crossed the

Alps

The natural barriers of Roman geography included (2)

Alps in the north, seas on both sides

Neolithic

Also called New Stone Age, this is the period of human culture that began around 10,000 years ago in the Middle East and later in other parts of the world. It is characterized by the beginning of farming (deliberate cultivation of plants), the domestication of animals (tame and breed wild animals), and significant technological developments. During this period, people started to settle into villages.

Paleolithic

Also called Old Stone Age, this is the early period of human history when humans first developed stone tools. During this period, humans were hunters and gatherers. During this period, humans created cave art and developed rituals and stories to help them deal with human existence. Peoples caused animal extinctions and purposely altered the natural environment, such as deliberately set fires to encourage the growth of particular plants. NO writing systems.

Chinampas

Also known as "floating gardens". This is a type of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. The Aztec used this agricultural technique

wheel, ironworking, gun powder

Americas had a lack of major technologies including:

Divine

An adjective for something of, from, or like God or a god. In Egypt or the Aztec Empire, the emperor was a _______________ figure.

Vedic

An adjective of or relating to the Veda or Vedas, the most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests. Originally brought to India by the Aryans around 1500 BCE and preserved by oral tradition.

The sayings of Confucius are call The

Analects

Name ancient civilizations that had a theocracy

Ancient Egypt

What civilizations made up the classical era?

Ancient India, Ancient China, Classical Greece, Classical Rome

India (Indus River Valley)religion

Animistic, polythistic

Which mountain range went through the Italian Peninsula

Apenninemt

Islam was founded in _______ by __________ in AD 622

Arabia, Muhammad

Islam grew out of the ___________ Peninsula.

Arabian

why does Arabia enjoy a special status in Islam

Arabic involvement in Islam goes back to the earliest history of Islam, Arabic is the location of Muslim sacred sites, and Arabic is the language of Islam.

What are the major contributions of Rome?

Arches and Senate

Bering Strait

Area of water between Russia and Alaska

Cuneiform

Around 3000 BCE, the Sumerians created this "wedge-shaped" system of writing, one of the greatest cultural advancements in history.

Ink

Artists would create a design on a block of wood and spread what on the wood.

The Vedas of Hinduism

Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.

Hinduism was founded by

Aryans

Hinduism was introduced by the

Aryans

Hitler believed that _____________ were the Highest or Greatest Race.

Aryans

Mauryan Dynasty (324-183 BC) came about after ______ and time of foreign invasions into India.

Aryans

Prior to WWII, Aldolf Hitler, the Nazi dictator claimed that true Germans were decedents of _________.

Aryans

In 1500 BCE Indo European nomads began to move out of Central Asia, known as the _____________ through the Hindu Kush using the Khyber pass and settled along the ____________ river.

Aryans, Ganges

city-states

As a result of migration to different areas of Africa the Bantu created ________ along the East Coast and Southern Africa.

stateless

As a result of migration to different areas of Africa the Bantu created ________ societies in Central Africa, the NIger River Valley, and the City of Jenne-Jeno.

Define: Specialization of labor

As society got larger, workers were able to focus on one skill, allowing them to get better

outward

As the Plague was finally abated Europeans began to look ___________.

trade

As_____ increased in Europe during the High Middle Ages people wanted to live in closer proximity, this lead to the growth of cities and towns.

The Mauryan Empire unified India and grew it into a strong, powerful and prosperous empire, especially under _________.

Ashoka

Greeks set up cities in ______ (modern day Turkey_

Asia Minor

Homo Erectus migrated out of Africa to ______ and ______.

Asia and Europe

Before the Babylonians, the __________ were dominant in Mesopotamia

Assyrians

Iron was a new technology that allowed the ________ to conquer territory very quickly.

Assyrians

What is the order of empires? (Babylonians, Persians, Assyrians)

Assyrians Pabylonians, Persians

Greek City States, fearing another invasion bound together around ___________.

Athans

During the Peloponnesian War internal struggles undermined the government of _____.

Athens

Greece's _____ was originally oppressed by merchants.

Athens

What were the 2 major greek city states?

Athens and Greece

Two major Greek city-states were

Athens and Sparta

Octavian would become

Augustus Ceasar

__________ was one of the earliest ancestors of humans.

Australopithecus

The recorded teachings of Zoroaster was the

Avesta

gods

Aztec human sacrifice was demanded by the

sun rise

Aztecs believed that human sacrifice would help the

Cyrus the great was the King who defeated ___________ and ended the ___________ captivity.

Babylon, Jews

At the same tame as the Assyrian Empire, the __________ Empire prospered.

Babylonian

The first Jewish Diaspora was called the

Babylonian captivity

When the Babylonians kicked the Jews out of their Promised Land under the rule of King Nebuchadnezzar this was called

Babylonian captivity

Diasporas in 597 BC by the

Babylonians

The Assyrian empire fell to ________.

Babylonians

The ________ came after the Assyrians. Babylonians successfully created the first law code called ______.

Babylonians, Hammurabi's Code

Africa

Bantu is a language group,, settlers and farmers migrated across ____________ and influenced hundreds of languages.

the people

Bantu means

Explain major beliefs of Legalism

Based on teaching of Hanfeizi "The nature of man is evil" Only way to achieve order was to pass strict laws and harsh punishment

Empress Wu

Because her son was sickly, who controlled and ruled China for years?

why is Muhammad referred to as the Seal of the Prophets

Because of Muhammad's unique significance for Islam rests in the belief that he is the final prophet, revealing the will of Allah fully and precisely and for all time is why he is known as the Seal of the Prophets.

long distance trade

Because the Aztecs lived on floating islands in the middle of Lake Texoco they depended on ________ to meet their most basic needs.

journeyman time, Master time, create a master piece

Before becoming a Master in a guild what did a person have to complete?

ox pulled plows, less ground plowed, farmers planted half their land

Before the high middle ages how was farming conducted?

very cold

Before the high middle ages the environment was _______ _____ and large areas could not be planted

Define: Monotheism

Belief in one God

Mandate of Heaven

Belief that the gods transfer their power to a specific family in China that is meant to establish a dynasty and rule the region. Used to justify the dynastic cycle in China.

Explain why Zoroastrianism was significant

Beliefs unified Persia Good vs. Evil Christianity and Islam started later, but also built on idea of Heaven, Hell and Final Judgement

Define: Polytheism

Believing in many Gods

Define: Egalitarian

Believing in the idea that all people are equal

The Athens leadership was initially __________.

Benevolent

well meaning and kindly

Benevolent

Christians believe that the _______ is the inspired word of God.

Bible

The __________ is the Christian holy book. It is divided into the _____ and ______ Testaments.

Bible, Old and New

Images and Drawings

Block printing was not just text but included?

The Nika Conquer Riots between two groups ________ and _______ at Hippodrome Chariot Race

Blue and Greens

Lower class/poor and women

Both Christianity and Buddhism had early high conversion rates from these two social groups.

reincarnation

Both Hinduism and Buddhism believed in _________

Compare the Han Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty

Both achieved things Qin Dynasty was harsh Han dynasty was less harsh

Why did Egyptians have a positive view of the afterlife and Mesopotamians had a negative view?

Both believed in life after death, but Mesopotamians believed life after death was in a grim horrible underworld.

Hinduism had 3-main gods

Brahma (Creator), Vishnu (Preserver), Siva (Destroyer)

In Hinduism the single force in the universe is:

Brahman

What are the 7 things HIndus believe?

Brahman, Atman, Devas, Reincarnation, Karma, Moksha, Dharma

Senate

Branch of Rome's government composed of 300 patricians who served for life.

The use of Bronze was very important in the advancement of civilizations. Many ancient civilizations utilized _____.

Bronze

Buddhism name of deity

Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama is called

Buddha or Enlightened one

In which religion is there no creator or god?

Buddhism

__________ like Christianity, spread along trade routes, had early conversion rates, and appealed to women and lower classes.

Buddhism

Explain the roles of women in Buddhism

Buddhism consider men and women equal

Leadership of Buddhism

Buddhist Monks and Nuns

Ashoka grew the Mauryan Dynasty and spread ____________ teachings around the empire via ___________.

Buddhist, edicts

asoka's edicts

Buddist

Darius I of the Persian Empire divided his empire into provinces called Satrapies to make it manageable. This was called an Imperial _______.

Bureaucracy

Way of the Warrior

Bushida means

The Eastern Empire with it;s capital at Constantinople would call themselves the

Byzantine Empire

The Hagia Sophia was a testament to the incredible wealth of the

Byzantine Empire

Jews settle in Modern day Israel, called

Cahaan

At the end of the Punic Wars Rome decided invade

Carthage

As the Romans expanded they came into conflict with other empires like the

Carthaginians

The _____ based in North Africa were a hindrance to Roman expansion

Carthaginians

_______ traces Christian leadership back to St. Peater, Pope is head of church, based in Rome, Italy.

Catholicism

Two major branches of Christianity are ________ and ______.

Catholicism and Protestantism

Identify causes and effects of the Neolithic Revolution

Cause: They learned to farm. Effects: Early villages established Men became dominate New technology invented Domesticated animals

Rome became an empire under general _____ who became a dictator after defeating rivals

Ceasar

What were the advantages of Constantanople (3)

Center of world trade routes, Connection between Asia and Europe, Easily deffended

What was China's unique government China along the Huang River?

Centeralized government around emperor and dynasties (1-family rules)

The aryans were an ancient people from _________.

Central Asia

China developed a government structure similar to Egupt with a ____ government around divine king and his dynasties.

Centralized

The Gupta Empire was founded by________ in Northern India.

Chandragupta

Define: Conversion/Convert

Change to a new religion

Define: Foreign

Characteristics of a country or language other than ones own

Confucianism and the Analects are taught to school children in

China

Confucianism is very important in modern day _____, it is being taught in all schools.

China

The Han Dynasty was a time of incredible technical advancements in _____.

China

Which river valley has community with importance placed on family, had sharp social divisions, and the mandate of Heavan?

China

Which river valley included the Huang He which flooded unpredictably, had natural barriers (mountains and deserts), and was geographically isolated?

China

Which river valley included the science and technology of writing, silk, coined money, and cast iron?

China

Confucianism focused on restoring order to ________. He advocated the proper way of living ________.

China, Dao

After the Qin Dynasty the next dynasty to arise was one of the greatest and longest lasting in __________ history

Chinese

During the Han Dynasty students had to learn:

Chinese, history, law, and confucian philosophy

C & D

Choose all that are correct. Which of the following was/were results of the Crusades: A) Decreased power of kings; B) Increased power of Popes; C) Weakening of Feudalism; D) Exposure to foreign ideas

Constantine adopts _____ as official religion after having vision from God.

Christianity

Eventually the Roman Empire adopted ______ as the official religion.

Christianity

What religion was adoptedby Roman Empire

Christianity

What was spread across europe and Byzantine empire

Christianity

_______ continues to be the dominant religion in Europe today.

Christianity

Compare Judaism to Christianity

Christianity believes Jesus is the son of God and Messiah, Judaism does not

Hagia Sophia

Church of Holy Wisdom

Explain the changes that came from the agricultural revolution

Cities were formed. People worked on jobs other than farming

CRAWGS

Cities, Religion, Art, Writing, Government, Social structure.

In classical greece there was fighting between Greek ________

City State

Confucian teaching

Civil Service Exam was based on what?

Ceasar's assassination pushed Rome into another period of _____. This would lead to the end of the _____.

Civil War, Republic

The start of democracy was created in Athens by the

Cleisthenes

Define: Vedic

Collection of prayers, hymns and teachings used in Ancient India about 1500 BC

Old World and New World

Columbus and others began an exchange between two worlds:

INdia

Columbus was convinced he had found

One effect of the fall of Constantinople was that _____ sailed to _______ and discovered America

Columbus, China

The Ten _______ is the basic code of law for the __________.

Commandments, Jewish

After Darius, Persian kings became ___________.

Complacent

Define: Civilization

Complex, highly organized social order

Rome was successful because they established a Roman ______

Confederation

Like Islam, __________ followers wrote down his sayings, called the analects

Confucius

Like Jesus' Disciples, __________ had a loyal group of followers

Confucius

Who said the duty of children to their parents is the foundation from which all virtues spring

Confucius

_______ traveled China to persuade leaders to follow ideas

Confucius

Confucianism Diety

Confucius (viewed by many as god)

Define: Sacred

Connected with God or religion

Maritime

Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity. The Greeks were experts in __________________ trade.

After having a vision Constantine converts to Christianity and establishes the capital in Byzantium, changes name to

Constantanople

Nika Conquer Riots broke out in

Constantinople

Rome divided into two parts. Western Rome was destroyed in 476 ____________ continued

Constantinople

The eastern capital of the Roman Empire was

Constantinople

The major reason for the Great Schism was that Rome wanted to use icons to aid church services and _____ wanted them removed

Constantinople

Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his _______.

Crucifixion

What are the major contributions of the Persian Empire?

Cultural Diffusion, standardized money throughout the Mediterranean

What were the major contributions of Greece?

Culture

What was the science and technology of Mesopotamia?

Cuneiform, irrigation, Bronze, Wheel, Sail, Plow

The Qin Dynasty created a single _______.

Currency

The Persian Empire was ruled by

Cyrus the Great

Confucius advocated a proper way of living called

Dao

Daoism ideas are discussed in the way of the

Dao

When the Greeks defeated Persia who was the Persian leader?

Darius

Who ruled the Persian Empire after Cyrus the Great?

Darius I

Diaz, Portugal

De Gama followed _______ into the Indian Ocean. He successfully established trade routes that brought incredible wealth to ___________.

Athens created the ___________ after the Persian threats, culture flourished.

Delian League

The __________ moved the Athens Direct Democracy.

Delium League

Politically fragmented into small kingdoms but predominantly united by the Catholic Church.

Describe Western Europe after 600 A.D.

Manorialism developed to meet the people's economic needs

Describe the type of government in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Hinduism has a number of key beliefs, __________ is a set of Spiritual duties and obligations

Dharma

Songhai, Slaves

Dias began his explorations along the coast of Africa. He made contact with the _____________ Empire, European interest in Africa would shift from salt and gold to ___________.

Jews have been kicked out of their holy land a number of times, these are called _______.

Diasporas

Yes

Did Han win the Sino Xiongnu Wars?

No.

Did Norte Chico have a written language?

No.

Did Norte Chico have ceramics?

Yes

Did the Olmec Civilization come before Aztecs and Maya?

Define: Corruption

Dishonest conduct by those in power

Corruption

Dishonest conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.

Define: Class Divisions

Divisions of different classes in society

Who discovered "Lucy" om 1974?

Donald Johanson

trade

Due to increased population, merchants and artisans began to ____ throughout Europe and the world during the High Middle Ages.

Aristocracy

During Tang/Song Golden age, newly educated class of scholar-Gentry began to replace old_____?

Buddhism

During Tang/Song Golden age, the introduction of __________ with a revival of Confucianism and Daoism

rising sun

During WWII the Japanese flag showed a

golds and precious metals

During a sacrifice in the Mayan culture captives were thrown into pits with ____ and ____ as offerings to gods.

Mathematics and Astronomy

During the Abbasid dynasty, what were Muslims interested in studying?

West Europe

During the High Middle Ages Universities developed in ____ ____ in Paris, Bologna, Italy, and Oxford.

new jobs in government or the church

During the High Middle Ages in Europe University learning was focused on (2)

Jews

During the High Middle Ages who lived separately in segregated parts of the cities called Ghettos

horses

During the High Middle Ages who pulled plows?

Mongals

During the High Middle Ages who revitalized the Silk Road Trade

Jews

During the High Middle Ages who were the money lenders

population increase demanded more goods

During the High Middle Ages why was their a growth in merchants and artisans?

fairs and trade routes

During the High Middle ages there was a population growth which resulted in increased demand for goods from merchants and artisans. To sell their goods what two things were created?

muslim world and Asia

During the High Middle ages there was a population growth which resulted in increased demand for goods from merchants and artisans. Trade routes were created that linked Europe to which two geographical regions

Burghers

During the High middle ages what term was used to label craftsmen and artisans

Surplus

During the Neolithic Age, agricultural communities started to have a __________________ of food, meaning more food that they needed to feed the population. This allowed them to have specialization of labor and social stratifiction/hierchies.

Agriculture

During the Neolithic revolution, this is the practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products. _____________________________ developed independently in several major areas in the world.

Confucianism

During the Song Dynasty there was a resurgence of what?

Flourished

During the Song Dynasty trade _________?

Influence

During the Song Dynasty trade flourished along Ocean Trade, Chinese _____________ expanded as well.

Food Surplus

During the Sui Dynasty, population increased due to rice technology and were able to ship faster leading to what?

Confucianism

During the Sui-Song era Buddhism and Daoism became popular, but _____________ ideals cemented the political system together.

Farming

During the Sui-Song it was still primarily a ____________ society with wealthy aristocratic families owning the majority of the land and peasants effectively becoming serfs or slaves.

Grand Canal

During the Tang/Song Golden Age the ______________ was completed? It connected N. China to S. China

Tribute System

During the Tang/Song Golden age the _________________ was revived.

Portugal, Spain, France, England, Netherlands

During the high middle ages and later trade routes were prevalent in: (5)

inventions and technology

During the high middle ages interaction with different cultures resulted in new ____ and ____ spreading to Europe.

3,000BC

During which time period did the Bantu begin to move east and south?

Caste

Each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status. It determine not only a person's occupation, but also his or her position in society. Based partly on skin color, but mostly on birth.

C) Buddhism

Early Islam borrowed directly from all of the following religions except: A) Judaism; B) Zoroastrianism; C) Buddhism; D) Christianity

Ocean trade

Eastern Africa connected to India via ________.

Constantine I chooses the Greek colony of Byzantine as Capital of

Eastern Rome

In Paleolithic communities men and women were critical to collecting food, they considered themselves equal to each other, they were generally an _____ society.

Egalitarian

Describe the society the Paleolithic people had

Egalitarian (believe all people are equal) Nomads Used stone weapons

Due to trade and other links, the plow was adapted in Ancient _________.

Egypt

Which river valley developed the science and technology of hieroglyphics, pyramids, mathematics, geography, and medicine?

Egypt

Which river valley had the power/authority of pharaohs who ruled kingdom as gods and built pyramids?

Egypt

Which river valley included the Nile flooding which was predictable, natural barriers (deserts), and an easy transportation link?

Egypt

Severed draught caused jews to move from Cahaan to ____.

Egypt.

Kingdom of Ghana

Emerged c. 500AD, located in the upper Niger River Valley, between the Sahara and tropical rain forests along the west African Coast.

In Canstantinople the _______ was the head of Church

Emperor

b

Emperor Ashoka and Constantine have which of the following in common? (a) they both created incredible inequality with the harsh laws they created (b) their religious conversions lead to major changes in their respective empires, (c)they were both buddhists who both outlawed criminal punishment (d) they both supported womens rights (which letter)

330 CE

Emperor Constantine moves the capital from Rome to Byzantium, soon named Constantinople.

285 CE

Emperor Diocletian divides the administration of the Roman Empire into western and eastern halves.

World

Empires in the Americas developed differently and independently from the rest of the ____

Secondary

Empress Wu started as a _____________ wife.

Nirvana

Enlightenment in Buddhism, the union with the ultimate spiritual reality/Great World Soul, which allows people to escape from the cycle of rebirth. This is similar to moksha in Hinduism, without the caste system!

The establishment of the roman republic occurred when the Romans overthrew the last

Estrucans

Hannibal led forces across ______ during the 2nd Punic war

Europe

spices, silks, precious metals

Europeans began to look outward when the Crusades created a demand for Asian goods like: (3)

navigation

Europeans began to look outward when they had new __________ technologies

Feudalism and serfdom

Even though wealthy aristocrats continue to buy peasants' lands who were unable to afford working it, in exchange for their eternal labor, led to what??

The skeleton of lucy, an Australopithecus, one of the earliest ancestors of humans supports the theory of _____.

Evolution

Define: Social inequality

Existence of unequal opportunities and rewards in society

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

Faith, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage, Prayer

Judaism was founded by Abraham. He was seen as

Father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Political system in which upper class is rewarded lands in exchange for military service to monarch

Feudal

The China Shang King constantly had to keep warlords of the aristocracy from________.

Fighting each other.

Explain why the code of Hammurabi was significant

First attempt by a ruler to codify all laws

What are three important components of the Hummurabis Code?

First to codify or arrange laws for everyone to know and follow, eye for an eye justice, heavily influenced by hierarchy by favoring the upper class and wealthy

Many Muslims practice acts of worship called the ____________.

Five Pillars of Islam

Women and poor

Followers of Buddhism had early converts of two groups.......

Lily-foot

Foot binding was called

Unable, high

Foot binding was proof that woman is ________ to do any work, they were _______class.

Messiah

For Jews and Christians, the promised "anointed one" or Christ; the Savior. Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah who delivered mankind from its sins.

Why was the Rural Road important?

For trade and messages

how do Muslims interpret the Fall from perfection in the Garden of Eden

Forgetfulness is a key element in the Muslim

Explain the major beliefs and practices of Confucianism

Foundation to establish social values Filial piety; respect Understanding of right and wrong Social harmony 5 virtues (kindness, righteousness, sobriety, wisdom, trustworthiness)

Facts about Christianity

Founded 35 CE Founder: Jesus Founded in Judea/Palestine/Israel Most important missionary is Paul of Tarsus Included everyone (rich, poor, women, all races) Salvation through faith in Jesus 12 apostles spread the religion

Facts about Buddhism

Founded 545 BCE Founded by Siddartha Guyahama/Buddha Founded in India/Indus Valley The Four Noble Truths Nirvana through meditation Rejects caste system and formal rituals Holy writings: Triptaka Spread through trade routes

Facts about Judaism

Founded about 1600 BCE Founder: Abraham, father of the Hebrews Holy book is Torah Covenant between God and the Jewish people

Facts about Confucianism

Founded around 500 BCE Founder: Master Kung Founded in China Foundation to establish social values Filial Piety; respect Mongol Wisdom (right and wrong) Social Harmony 5 Virtues (kindness, righteousness, sobriety, wisdom, trustworthiness)

Explain major beliefs and practices of Buddhism

Four Noble Truths Nirvana through meditation Rejects caste system and formal rituals Holy writings: Triptaka

Caste

Four classes of people (priests, warriors, peasants/traders, laborers/craftsmen) started in India with untouchables even below all the castes.

weapons, guns, iron, horses

Francisco Pissarro arrived and exploited the differences of the Inca. These differences included superior ____________ and advantages: (3)

The normal Islam day of worship is

Friday

Muhammad got a vision from angel ___________

Gabriel

When Muhammad was meditating the Angel ______ appeared to him and gave him _______.

Gabriel, revelation

476 CE

Germanic peoples conquer Rome; Western Roman Empire falls.

Rome and Western Roman Empire was destroyed by

Germanic tribes

In 476 CE the ______ leader Odoacer overthrew the last Western Emperor Romulus _______.

Germanic, Agustus

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

Getting approved by God to rule

salt

Ghana was incredibly wealthy due to the vast amounts of gold. THey traded their wealth for ______.

Christians refused to recognize Cesar as a _____.

God

Name of Christianity Deity

God

What does Allah mean in English?

God

Who told Cyrus the Great to release the Jews?

God

islam holds the boyd ultimately belongs to ?

God

Name of Judaism Deity

God (Yahweh)

The Trinity includes

God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost

The one god of Christianity consisted of 3 persons

God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost

After Darius, Persian kings became complacent. They were surrounded by __________ and _________ and ___________ from their empire.

Gold, Treasures, Tribute

After Jesus' death his disciples and apostles (or leaders) spread the __________.

Good News

Regime

Government in power

Define: Theocracy

Government run by religious leaders

Define: Aristocracy

Government where power is held by nobility

Trade brought huge wealth into Rome and the _______ culture spread.

Greco-Roman

Explain the consequences of the failed Persian invasions of Greece

Greece had control of Aegean Sea and Persia was scared to mess with Greece

After suppressing internal revolts in ___, Alexander set out to defeat the __________.

Greece, Persian empire

Athens dominated _______ after the ______ invasions. While beginning as a force for good, Athens soon began to tyrannize other city states. ________ would stand against Athens.

Greece, Persian, SpartaPericles

Under Alexander the Great the Romans adopted many ____ ideas

Greek

What society was polytheistic?

Greek

Classical Greece saw the rise and fall of the ___________

Greek Empires

Lucrative Rome trade routes resulted in a blending of which two cultures?

Greek and Roman

The Hellenistic culture was a combination of what cultures?

Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian

Darius I of the Persian Empire brought the Empire into conflict with the ______.

Greeks

Sculpture, architecture, and literature of the Latins of Italy were influenced by the

Greeks

The __________ developed in a rocky isolated area.

Greeks

The Latins (who become the Romans)were greatly influence by the

Greeks and Etruscans

learning

Growing trade and growing cities increased the desire for ___ during the High Middle Ages

The ___________ Empire came after the Mauryan Empire and time of disunity.

Gupta

The ___________ Empire united Northern India and became incredibly wealthy from trade and good governance.

Gupta

What Empire came after the Mauryan Empire?

Gupta Empire

What Empire is described by "The king and his companions drank wine out of ruby cups."

Gupta Empire - describing extreme wealth

What is the leadership of Hinduism?

Guru, holy man, Brahama, Priest

When jews rebelled against Roman rule the Emperor ______ expelled the Jews from the holy land. The Jews settled around the world.

Hadria

Under Justinian's Reign most significant building was the

Hagia Sophia

Like ____________ Legalism emphasized complete obedience to authority, with strict punishments to maintain order.

Hammurabis Code

206 BC _______ Dynasty established

Han

Writing on paper began during the _____ Dynasty about 100CE. Paper was made with hemp/linen and Bamboo.

Han

During which dynasty was gunpower used for ceremony and fireworks?

Han Dynasty

While the empire expanded, peasants struggled under the

Han Dynasty

Who developed the magnetic compass?

Han Dynasty

Who developed the rudder allowing for the steering of ships?

Han Dynasty

The _______ Emperor _____

Han, Wudiforced the Xiongnu back through war and diplomacy.

The _____ adopted ____________ as their ruling philosophy, mixed with elements of legalism.

Han, confucianism

The Carthaginian during the 2nd Punic War was

Hannibal

When Rome invaded Carthage ____ was recalled to Carthage and was defeated by the Roman General ____

Hannibal, Scipio

Who is Cyrus I and why was he important?

He was tolerant and expanded Persian empire

Judaism Holy Book

Hebrew Bible, including the Torah

Foes defeated by Sparta became

Helots

Guilds

High Middle Ages of similar merchant grouped together to establish standards, high quality, and to set prices. These groups were called ____.

What geographic feature blocked the northern expansion of the Mauryan Empire?

Himalayas and Hindu Kush

Geography of India (Indus River Valley) included:

Hindu Kush, Khyber Pass, and Himalayas

Reincarnation was a belief of what religion in Ancient India?

Hinduism

The religion of _____ developed and evolved over a long time in India, giving rise to a variety of beliefs and practices and to other religions, including Buddhism.

Hinduism

What is the oldest codified religion?

Hinduism

What religions spread on the Silk Roak

Hinduism and Buddhism

monotheistic

Hinduism and Buddhism are not ____________ types of religion.

Buddhism was established as an alternative religion to __________ and emphasized giving up worldly goods in pursuit of ______________.

Hinduism, Nirvana

Hatshepsut was called

His Majesty

Migrating across the Bering Strait

Historians believe that the first Americans arrived in North and South America by:

Crusade

Holy Wars/military campaigns by European Christians.

Explain the major beliefs of Judaism

Holy book is Torah Covenant between God and Jewish people All knowing and powerful God

____________ was the first to walk upright, control fire, use stone tools, and migrate out of Africa.

Homo Erectus

Neanderthals lived during _______________.

Homo Sapiens

Neanderthals lived partly during the time of _______

Homo Sapiens

Heavily armed infantry or foot soldiers

Hoplites

The Greek military was based on

Hoplites

A) It shaped African languages, spread iron working and promoted settlement.

How did Bantu migration influence the development of Africa? A) It shaped African languages, spread iron working and promoted settlement; B) It spread the spice trade from West Africa t East Africa; C) It provided the Bantu great political power in Sub-Saharan regions of Africa; D) It resulted in the establishment of the Songhai kingdom

child would apprentice for 5-9 years, became journeyman and had to perfect craft, then become a master

How did one become a master which allowed them to join a guild? (3 steps)

More trade and faster attacking

How did the Grand Canal change China?

D) Local traditions began to assert themselves and many of Muslim women's rights were replaced by older traditions which denied women equal rights.

How did women's rights in Islam change as the empire expanded into already established societies and civilizations? A) All convert women were required to wear a veil in order to mask the fact that they were not born Muslim; B) Women took a more aggressive role in economics and politics as they were seen as major producers of their societies; C) Women were responsible for making paper that would be used by the great Muslim scholars of this time; D) Local traditions began to assert themselves and many of Muslim women's rights were replaced by older traditions which denied women equal rights.

40-60 days

How long did it take to cross the Sahara Desert?

2 Centuries

How long did the Sino Xiongnu Wars last?

3 miles

How many miles a day could a camel travel?

Camels

How was trade possible in Africa?

The river valley in China was the

Huang He

What was the river of the China River Valley?

Huang He

Nomadic

Human communities that move from place to place frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement. Especially, this characterized human communities during the Paleolithic Age. Since they moved around, they couldn't accumulate goods. Also, Paleolithic societies were small.

Africa (Great Rift Valley)

Human life first began on this continent

Out of Africa Theory

Humans evolved into their current form, and then migrated from Africa.

King Hummurabi of Babylon created a law code known as

Hummurabis Code.

Why did the Gupta Empire end?

Hun invasion

languages

Hundreds of African _________ can be traced back to the Bantu.

As humans moved out of Africa they established small communities. These early people were _____ and ______.

Hunters and Gatherers

Define: Hunter-forager

Hunts for their food

Alexander the Great may have bred resentment in his men, because they refused to advance any further into _____ and he was forced to head back.

INdia

sacrificed

If a Mayan noble or leader was captured during war they were _____.

16

If farming during the middle ages shifted from 1 farm field and one Fallow field (50/50%) to 2 farm fields and one fallow field (33.3/33.3/33.3%) what was the increase in the amount of farmable land? (round up)

Islam religious leaders are called

Imams

Muslims worship in Mosques usually on Fridays. Their religious leaders are called _____.

Imams

_________ were elite Persian soldiers.

Immortals

Enlightenment

In Buddhism, an understanding of the meaning of life

Define: Nirvana

In Buddhist belief, union with the universe and release from reincarnation

Dynastic Cycle

In China, this is when: 1. a new family establishes a dynasty (new institutions, economy) 2. Period of prosperity and Golden Age 3. Dynasty grows weak 4. Internal rebellions and/or external rebellions 5. Dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven 6. New dynasty emerges

Filial Piety

In Confucian philosophy and Chinese culture, this is a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.

first son

In Europe all money went to the _______________.

mines

In Ghana large __________ produced Billions of dollars in wealth.

Rationalism

In Greek culture, this was the attempt of philosophers to understand the world using logic and observation.

Define: Enlightenment

In Hindu and Buddhism, sometimes called "awakening"

Define: Dharma

In Hindu belief, a persons religious and moral duties

Define: Karma

In Hindu belief, all the actions that affect a persons faith/level in the next life

Define: Reincarnation

In Hindu belief, the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form

Define: Moksha

In Hindu belief, the ultimate goal of existence, to achieve union with Brahman

Reincarnation

In Hinduism and Buddhism, this refers to the belief that the soul or spirit, after biological death, begins a new life in a new body.

Dharma

In Hinduism, this is the divine law that requires all people to do their duty, depending on your status in society.

Karma

In Hinduism, this is the force generated by a person's actions that will determine how the person will be reborn in the next life.

Define: Caste

In Indian society, unchangeable social group to which you are born

Bushido, Chivalry

In Japan Samurai followed the code of _____ in Europe Knights followed _____.

Feudal Society

In Japan a ____ ____ was dominant, divided into four tiered groups.

god

In Japan each clan had their own ___.

Yamato

In Japan the most powerful clan was

Shogun, Daimyo, Kings and Nobles

In Japan the ruling/upper class included (2). In Europe the ruling/upper class included (2)

Samurai, Knights

In Japan the warrior class was ____ in Europe it was _____

clans

In Japan various _____ controlled their own territories.

territories

In Japan various clans controlled their own _______.

Terrace Farming

In agriculture, this is a technique in which a piece of sloped plane is cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming. Common in the Inca Empire.

Centralized/ Decentralized

In centralized government power comes from a leader at the top. With decentralized government power is distributed over multiple areas of control.

B) Road Networks

In order to link their empire together the Inca created incredible__________________ A) Fast moving navies; B) Road Networks; C) Alliance Networks; D) Railroad links

Warrior

In the Aztec society boys were to they would become ____.

house

In the Aztec society girls were told they must say in the ____.

not equal

In the Aztec society men and women were

own and inherit property, become priestesses, work as textile makers

In the Aztec society women could (3)

artisans and craftsman

In the High Middle Ages as people needed goods who would create them>

money, profit

In the High Middle Ages the church inhibited christians from loaning _____ and making a ______.

Before the battle of the Milvian Bridge Constantine saw a cross in the sky and saying

In this sun you will conquer

1488

In what year did Bartholomeu Diaz begin long distance exploration?

Explain the major beliefs of Christianity

Included everyone Salvation through faith in Jesus/God 12 apostles spread the religion

gold

Incredible amounts of _______ were found in Ghana.

What was the power an authority of Mesopotamia?

Independent city-states governed by monarchs, City-states united into first empires

Hinduism was founded in _____, is the oldest _____ religion and their sacred text are _____, written in Sanskrit

India, codified, vedas

After defeating the Persians, Alexander pushed on to _____, his men grew tired and threatened to _____.

India, rebel

Explain the consequences of Specialization of Labor

Individuals specialized in certain jobs. New technology was introduced. People learned to make weapons and metal tools. People became dependent on others

The river valley in India was the

Indus

What was the river of the Indus Valley?

Indus

Identify regions where agriculture emerged

Indus River Valley

Which river valley had a strong centralized government and planned cities?

Indus Valley

Which river valley included flooding which was unpredictable, had natural barriers (mountains, deserts), and had monsoon winds?

Indus Valley

Which river valley used the science and technology of writing, cities built on a precise grid, plumbing, sewing and systems

Indus Valley

Alexander the Great expanded his empire to the ________ river in _____.

Indus, India

A) They share many of the same beliefs, including the views of the afterlife and a monotheistic approach to religion

Islam is similar to Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism in that: A) They share many of the same beliefs, including the views of the afterlife and a monotheistic approach to religion; B) They all accept the same polytheistic deity; C) They all have the same views of women; D) They all have many converts to the religion and all 4 religions are continuing to grow even in modern times.

what was the extent of Islamic expansion one century after Muhammad's death

Islam was the religion of the entire Middle East, Persia, North Africa, and almost all of Spain.

Quran

Islamic Holy Book

Constantinople would be renamed by the Turks as ____ which remains to this day.

Istanbull

why have some African Americans argued that Islam is better suited for their community than is Christianity

It is estimated that nearly 20% of Africans brought to North America as slaves were Muslim. This heritage is one reason why some African Americans have argued that Islam is better suited for their community than Christianity, which they regard as the religion of their white oppressors.

mystery

It is still a ________ why the Maya declined

Social Stratification

It refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. It is a synonym of social hierchy.

Why did the Gupta Empire fail?

It was invaded by the Huns the white Huns. the Gupta were able to hold off the Huns for the first half of the 5th century, but they did so out of tremendous cost, which Weakned the State. Bcentury, there were hun kingdoms in western and northern India.

Emperor Justinian Reclaimed what lands?

Italy, Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, and Middle East

Archipebgo

Japan is an island chain in the Pacific Ocean called the ____.

instability

Japan rose out of a period of _____

Shintoism

Japan's religion was called

Chinese

Japanese culture was heavily influenced by the

stratified

Japanese society was very _____.

The jews established their capital in

Jerusalem

King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Temple of __________ and scattered _______.

Jerusalem, Jews

Our calendar is based on _______ birth.

Jesus

Founder of Christianity

Jesus Christ

Christians believe that _______ is the Messiah, the Son of _____, the fulfillment of the _________.

Jesus Christ, God, Old Testament

Christians believe that _____ _____ was the Messiah.

Jesus of Nazareth Jesus Christ

Saturday is the time for _______ worship. It begins at sundown on __________.

Jewish, Friday

Cyrus the great of Persia freed the

Jews

Parts of the writing contained in the Old Testament are also sacred to _____ and ________.

Jews and Muslims

Diaspora

Jews expelled from Judea creates Jewish diaspora, the dispersion of Jews from their Homeland

Moses successfully led the ______ out of slavery in Egypt. His efforts allowed the Jews to return to ____________.

Jews, Israel

What is the oldest Monotheistic religion?

Judaism

__________ is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths

Judaism

Three religions that are monotheistic

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

What were the five major world religions?

Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism

The Hebrew leader Abraham founded ______ in ______.

Judaism, Mesopotamia

After Constantine, Emperor __________ comes to power.

Justinian

As the Byzantine Empire expanded the emperor created the _________ code which comnbined Roman and Byzantine Law, it's the foundation for many ___________.

Justinian, Western law codes

Muhammad married ________

Kadiih

Muhammad was a wealthy a caravan manager with his wife _____.

Khadija

Mesopotamia government was ruled by _________ with ________ also holding significant power.

King, priests

poor sanitation and people and animals in close proximity

Lack of organization in cities in Europe during the High Middle Ages led to (2)

Mesopotamia meant

Land Between Rivers

The use of fire to cook food and give off heat by Homo Erectus also offered protection, created meeting spaces, and possibly lead to __________.

Language

Daoism was founded by

Laozi

Indo European people who spoke latin and settled on the plain of Latium

Latins

Like Daoism and Confucianism __________ came about during the Warring States Period

Legalism

Many people did not agree with Shi Huandgi's ________ teachings.

Legalism

Shi Huangdi adopted __ to rule his regime.

Legalism

Unlike Daoism and Confucianism __________ said all men are evil by nature.

Legalism

Who is this quote from: If people who are guilty of faults are not punished, and those who have no merit are rewarded, then isn't ruin a likely outcome?

Legalism

Greeks

Like _____ the Maya were individual city states led by divine kings.

Rome and Persia

Like _______ and _______ the Inca built massive roads

Maya

Like the _____ Aztecs believed in human sacrifice.

Explain origins and significance of the Silk Road

Linked China to the West New food came to China 4000 miles long Chinese sent large quantities of silk westward

Aztec, Maya, Inca

List the 3 American civilizations from north to south which were located along the coast of central america and south america?

Messiah

Literally, the anointed one. In Judaism, this refers to a king who will be sent by God to save the Jews. In Christianity, this refers to Jesus Christ. Ex. The major philosophical difference between Christianity and Judaism is the interpretation of Jesus, and whether or not he was the _____________________.

Han and Roman. Civil War

Long distance trade declined after the collapse of what empires? Why?

Like Christianity Buddhism appealed to the _________ and _______.

Lower class and women

What are the major contributions of the Han Dynasty?

Lowered taxes Eased Legalism policies Confucian advisors in Govt. Govt. control of iron/salt to reduce taxes and increase income Silk Road Civil service system Advanced science/medicines Paper Making Expanded the Arts

Sparta and Athens were weakened by the Peloponnesian war. They were united by the

Macedonians

killed, native population

Magellan made it all the way to the Philippines where he was _______ by __________

peaceful or Pacific

Magellan named the Ocean along the west coast_________ or ____________

Asia

Magellan was trying to find another route to

Increase

Major___________ in Ocean trade and sea exploration during Song Dynasty.

Filial Piety

Male dominance, importance of family, a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors. Example: China

Manorialism / Manor System

Manor: in medieval Europe an agricultural estate that and Lord ran and peasants work. Manorialism: a social economic and political system in which Lords exchange land for service, center on a manor

exploration

Many reasons drove Europeans to explore. Wealth and exotic goods encouraged them to find new trade routes that required _______.

Mesopotamia

Many scholars believe that this early civilization developed a negative view about life and the afterlife because of its harsh physical setting.

The Greeks were a _____ empire

Maritime

Because the Greeks were a ________ empire, this pushed them into conflict with the _____.

Maritime, Persians

city-states

Maya cities were organized with

gods

Mayan and ______ rulers descended from

royal, hereditary ruling clans

Mayan city-states were governed by

gods

Mayan rulers descended from

eachother

Mayans were often at war with _____.

Muslims are required to pray 5 times a day facing _____.

Mecca

Muslims are requried to travel to _____ once in their lifetime

Mecca

Muslims make pilgrimage to

Mecca

Hannibal was defeated as well as Carthage in the 2nd Punic Wars. Rome would return to destroy Carthage completely and become masters of the _____ Sea.

Mediteranian

Utilizing Roman Trade Routes, Christianity spread quickly across the ______ world.

Mediterranean

The Romans had eaasy access to the _______ sea due to their geography

Mediterranean sea

During the Bronze age 1200 - 11-- BCE Major civilizations in the Middle East began to decline and collapse in ____, ____, and _____

Mediterranean, Greece, and Mesopotamia

As Empire expanded around ________ Sea Byzantine Empire controlled numerous people. They would need a _____ to help govern

Mediterranean, code

Name the ancient civilizations most noted for bronze metal working

Mesopotamia

The first river valley civilization was _____________ between the Tigris and Euphrates River Vallys.

Mesopotamia

The plow was invented in _____________.

Mesopotamia

Compare the culture, geography and government of Ancient Egypt to Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia - Complex city-state government Women held higher power Lots of farmers Invented writing Egypt - Farming by the Nile Pharaoh's had centralized government Polytheistic Women held higher status Scientific advances

What were the names of the four Early River Valley Civilizations?

Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, China

The collapse of the Bronze Age led to a warring period in _______ much like the ____________ Period in China.

Mesopotamia, Warring States

Jews are still waiting for the ___________ to return.

Messiah

The old testament says (and Jews believe) that a _____ would come.

Messiah

Jews await the ______ who will be an earthly king. They believe in ________, but that god determines where they go after life on earth.

Messiah, Heaven

Metallurgy

Metal-working. The technique or science of working or heating metals. The working of metals became very important to early human settlements for tools & weapons.

The New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (1567-1652 BC) militaristic, began to aggressively expand into __________.

Middle East

Judaism started in the _______ or ________.

Middle East or Mesopotamia

two modern nations taht have a Shi'i majortiy or a significant shi'i population

Modern nations that have a Shi'i majority are Iraq and Iran. Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Pakistan have a significant Shi'i population.

Explain Monotheism and Polytheism

Monotheism - belief in one God Polytheism - belief in more than one God

Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are _________ religions.

Monotheistic

Islam is a _______________________ Religion

Monotheistic

The Muslim building for communal worship is called a _____.

Mosque

Aztec, Inca

Much like the _________, the _____ were unable to defeat the Spanish due to the incredible advantages the Spanish possessed.

Founder of Islam

Muhammad

_________ attempted to preach his message but was pushed out by wealthy merchants.

Muhammad

What is the timeline of Islamic " Owners "

Muhammad -> Abu Bakr -> The 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs -> The Umayyad Dynasty -> The Abbasid Dynasty

sunna

Muhammad's own teachings and actions' Islam's second most important authority after the Qur'an

_______ began to meditate on the inequalities he saw.

Muhammad.

Murder in Justinian Code

Murder was punished by banishment

Abu desired to expand ______________ influence

Muslim

Abu was a unifying figure for __________

Muslims

what areas of the globe are presently populated with the greatest concentration of Muslims

Muslims are located in the northern half of Africa, all of the Middle East and southwestern Asia (including Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan), South Asia, and the islands of Malaysia and Indonesia.

Indigenous

Native, original inhabitant. The Aztec and Inca were _________________________ people of the Americas when the Spaniards arrived.

At the beginning of the Punic Wars what was Rome without that gave them a disadvantage

Navy

Athens had a very strong

Navy

Cave paintings were a part of _______ culture.

Neanderthals

King __________ conquered Assyria.

Nebuchadnezzar

Yin is

Negative energy

The phrase from Herodotus which is the unofficial motto of the United States Postal Service says:

Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night states these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds

2nd Class Status

Neo-Confucian beliefs in China played a key role in pushing women into a ?

Binding

Neo-Confucianism was the beginning of womens foot ___________?

After the ice age the climate began to warm. crops grew along rivers, life along rivers began, small communities began to settle, people began to domesticate animals. This began the ____________ revolution.

Neolithic

The _____________ fundamentally changed human history and paved the way for the modern day societies and cities that the majority of all of live in.

Neolithic Revolution

When did metallurgy begin?

Neolithic Revolution

Were human diets and lifestyle better in the Neolithic or Paleolithic Era?

Neolithic people were nomadic and moved a lot, but a small group could easily be stricken with a disease. Paleolithic people were more sedentary.

Who were the five good emperors that followed Octavian Rome

Nerva, Trojan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius

Theodora was incredible important to Justinian and successfully kept him in power during the ____________.

Nika Riots

The river valley in Egypt was the

Nile

What was the river of the Egypt River Valley?

Nile

In Buddhism people want to reach

Nirvana

In Buddhism you work to achieve

Nirvana or ultimate reality

Did Mesopotamia Sumer believe in an afterlife?

No

Leadership of Confucianism

No Clergy

Leadership of Islam

No clergy but a scholar class, called the Ulama and the Imam who may lead prayers

What is the holy book of Hinduism?

No one book - sacred tesxts including the Vedas the Puranas

The holy book of Buddhism

No one book - sacred texts, including the Dhammopada

Explain the major beliefs and practices of Hinduism

No single sacred text Countless Gods Oldest codified religion Karma/Dharma/Moksha/Reincarnation Formal rituals and caste system

Nirvana is reached by following the:

Noble Eightfold Path, Right views, Right resolve, Right speech, Right conduct, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, Right concentration

Before

Norte Chico was a complex civilization before or after the Incas?

The Incas.

Norte Chico were an example of an advanced civilization in South America before who?

The fall of the Roman Empire was due to a number of reasons. One was invasions. Where were Barbarian invasions from?

North and East

Aryans settled in

Northern India

Who were the Xiongnu

Numadic warriors to the North of China?

After the assassination of Ceasar who came into power?

Octavian

Centralized

Of a government or empire brought under the control of a single authority. Most empires during the Classical Era were highly ______________________.

Decentralized

Of a government or empire that is NOT under the control of a single authority. Usually, when the authority is transferred from central to local government.

Hellenistic

Of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC.

Mummification was developed by which Kingdom of Ancient Egypt?

Old Kingdom

The Torah is the first 5 books of the _______.

Old Testament

Like Judaism, Christians believe you can have a personal relationship with God. Christians Holy Book is the Bible, it contains the ____ and ____ Testaments.

Old and New

What were the names of the 3 different kingdoms of ancient egypt?

Old, middle, and new kingdom

What activity is done to honor the Greek Gods?

Olympic games

Monotheistic

One God

Bantu

One early African society was the _______.

Sedentary

Opposite of nomadic. These are communities that settled in permanent towns or cities.

In Ancient China ____________ were evidence of writing

Oracle Bones

The Talmud is the Jewish _______.

Oral Tradition

The Byzantine Empire, overstretched and fighting numerous enemies, was defeated by the ___________ in 1453. This would have enormous consequences.

Ottoman Turks

yzantines woudl continue on until 1453 when they were defeated by the ___________. Use of the __________ allowed them to Win

Ottoman Turks, Cannon

Islamic

Overland routes were blocked by ___________ Empires

____________ people were nomadic.

Paleolithic

Buddhism had 2 holy books

Pali Canon and Dhammapada

Orthodox church leader

Partiarch in Constantinople

What was the Capital City of the Mauryan Empire?

Patalifutra

Early Rome was divided into two groups ____ and ____.

Patricians and Plebians

The five good emperors led Rome into a period called the _____ or the _____.

Pax Romana or the Roman Peace

Athens and Sparta were weakened after the _____ war

Peloponnesian

Sparta, fearing Athens hegemony, created their own alliance, the two fought the ________ war.

Peloponnesian

To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the ____________ League

Peloponnesian

Why did humans become sedentary in the Neolithic Era?

People began settling into villages

Failure to pay debts under the Justinian Code

People owed something had to sue the person owing them to gain debt back.

Athens prospered under which leader?

Pericles

During the Athens leadership of ___________ initially the leadership was benevolent. Gradually they began to dominate and tyrannize other city states.

Pericles

Under which leader did trade flourish and wealth increase in Athens?

Pericles

Athens flourished under _________, however, some City states came to resent ______ success and influence.

Pericles, Athen's

During the Peloponnesian War Sparta even allied with _______ their old enemy agains the ___________.

Persia, Delian League

Babylon was defeated and replaced by the ________ empire in 539 BCE

Persian

Alexander the Great took advantage of the chaos of the __________ and conquered them.

Persian Empire

The Elite Military of Persia contained people from all over the ___________.

Persian Empire

Alexander the Great adopted many ____ and ____ customs.

Persian, Egyptian

180,000 _______ invaded Greece in the Battle of Thermopylae in 480BC

Persians

Alexander the Great suppressed Greek revolts and then turned to conquering the ___________

Persians

Athens was a dominate power after ____________ invasions

Persians

Classical Greece fought the

Persians

The Greeks defeated the _________.

Persians

Satraps/Satrapies

Persians governors that ruled over different territories while serving under the king.

the Greeks defeated the ______ ath the Battle of _________, the Persians would be back.

Persians, Marathon

Basic beliefs of Islam

Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life.

Hannibal's elephants would go out in front of infantry to disrupt Romans

Phalant

After defeating the Persians Alexander the Great marched to Egypt to claim his newly acquired territory and was made

Pharaoh

When jews moved to Egypt they were enslaved by _____. they were seen as a threat

Pharaoh

From the top of the pyramid to the bottom was were the social classes in ancient egypt?

Pharaoh, Government officials (Vizier, Priest, Noble), Soldiers, Scribes, Merchants, Craftsmen, Peasants, Slaves

The Egypt government was ruled by ___________ with a ___________ and _____________

Pharaoh, bureaucracy, vizier

The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2700-2200 BC) have very powerful ____________.

Pharaohs

In Greece each person was a member of a _____ not state.

Polis

The Greek Acropolis sat atop the _____.

Polis

____ was the basic political unit of Greeced and was designed to promote civic and commercial life.

Polis

Define: City-State

Political unit that includes a city that it's surrounding lands

Persian Empire Kings practiced __________

Polygamy

The leader of the Roman Catholic church was

Pope in Rome

spice

Portugal controlled the ___________ trade which led to money and power

Africa

Portugal controlled trade routes around___.

Yang is

Positive energy

Salah

Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca

Athens, Constatinople, rome, Muslim Empires

Prior to the High Middle Ages there was a long history of universities and learning in these areas:

Define: Cultural Assimilation

Process by which a culture or language come to resemble those of another group

Mesopotamians were _____ creating epics and law codes on clay tablets.

Prolific

By the rivers of babylon we sat and wept when we remembered Zion (the __________) How can we sing the songs of the Lord in a foreign land"

Promised Land

Moses successfully led Jews back to the _______.

Promised land

Define: Evidence

Proof

_________ broke from Catholic Church over different beliefs, role of the Pope, and worship style.

Protestantism

Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca

Put the empires in order from their start date: Aztec, Inca, Maya, Olmec

The _____ dynasty unified written Chinese, created a single currency, built roads, dug the Grand Canal from the Yangtze to Central China.

Qin

Shi Huangdi's viscious ruling style isolated him and led to his overthrow and fall of the ____________.

Qin Empire

Because of attacks along the Northern Border by Xiongnu, the _______________ began to build the ____________.

Qin Empire, Great Wall of China

Holy book of Islam

Quran

Muhammad's revelations were written down in the ________ which is the ____________.

Quran, Muslim Holy Book

Jewish worship is led by a __.

Rabbi

Leadership of Judaism

Rabbis

Muslims perform fasting during _____

Ramadan

suicide

Rather than accept defeat many Samurai would practice ritual

Women generally had more freedom in Rome than Greece. Both men and women were expected to _____ and _____.

Read and write

Define: Submissive

Ready to conform to the authority or will of others

more food

Redistribution of land to peasants brought?

B) Gold

Referred to as "Sweat of the Sun" the Inca put a huge value on: A) God; B) Gold; C) Glory; D) Germs

Animism

Religious belief in various gods and Spirits in the natural world. Polytheistic. Examples: Shinto, Hinduism, Daoism, and Buddhism.

Sunni & Shia

Religious schism (aka split) in Islam that began as a result of disagreements over who should follow as the leader of the Muslim world after the death of Muhammad

Mongal and Persian

Religious toleration was widely practiced in which of the following empires or civilizations? han and song Egypt and aztec mongol and persian byzantine and quin

Define: Filial Piety

Respect for parents

Cyrus the great of Persia's respect made the people who lived under him __________ of his rule.

Respectful

Cyrus the Great of Persia allowed the Jews to

Return to the Holy Land

The Neolithic Revolution led the development of _________________ in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other locations.

River Valley Civilization

Robbery under the Justinian Code

Robbery was not a crime. The victim could sue the robber for up to four times the values of the stolen property

The two churches that resulted from the Great Schism were

Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Church

Great Schism, 1054

Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox split and caused a division in Christianity known as the _____________________. The cause for this split was disagreement over Popes and idols.

Justinian saw himself as a

Roman Emperor

The Roman Patricians were the minority of the

Roman Republic

The Justinian Code was a blending of ___ and ____ law codes

Roman and Byzantine

Hannibal crosses the Alps but the elephants all die. He is still a threat to the

Romans

In 132 AD the Jews were kicked out of their Promised Land by the

Romans

Christians were seen as a threat by _________ because they did not recognize ____________.

Romans, Roman Gods

As Constantinople become more powerful their Church leaders wanted greater independence from

Rome

Due to multiple invasions _____ was divided into two halves.

Rome

The Punic wars ended when Hannibal without the troops and elephants was unable to defeat _____ or other cities.

Rome

The western capital of the Roamn Empire was

Rome

Why did Rome fall?

Rome cared to much about conquering and land, and expanding their horizons, instead of taking care of what they had. Corruption.

The Twelve Tables

Rome's first Code of laws that granted protection by the law to all free Roman citizens, patricians and plebeians.

The ___________ allowed the Persians to govern effectively. Their military, using the ______, was able to move quickly.

Royal Road, Royal Road

Define: Dynasty

Ruling family

Socially complex

Rural societies (those without cities) became more?

After the Fall of Constantinople the Orthodox Church would move to _____ where it still is.

Russia

Who expanded the Gupta Empire?

Samudragupton

swordsmen, horseman, archers

Samurai were expert (3)

The Hindu Vades was written in

Sanskrit

Darius I of the Persian Empire divided his empire into provinces called _____ to make it manageable.

Satrapies

Define: Messiah

Savior sent by God; Jesus

Define: Metallurgy

Science dealing with metals

The _____ pushed byzantines out of the Middle East in 1071 AD

Seljuk

Why were Pastoralists important in the Neolithic Era?

Semi-nomadic and helped spread new metal technologies

Why was Ceasar assassinated

Senators became jealous

What are the names of the Five Pillars of Islam?

Shahadah, Salah, Sawm, Zakah, Hajj

The first Chinese Dynasty was the _______ during the Bronze Age Civilization

Shang Dynasty

What was the first dynasty of China along the Huang River?

Shang Dynasty

221-206 BC Win Dynasty established and ruled by

Shi Huangdi

Emperor _______ unified China under a single leader, becoming the first Emperor of China.

Shi Huangdi

The Qin Empire United China after the Warring States Period. Their first emperor was

Shi Huangdi

__________ of Qin Dynasty emphasized the burning of books to reduce education and maintain order

Shi Huangdi

The way of gods

Shintoism means:

Buddhism

Shintoism was influenced by

After a number of trials, the Roman Navy defeated Carthage which led to the control of

Sicily

At the beginning of the PUnic Wars both Rome and Carthage wanted control over

Sicily

Buddhism was founded by

Siddhartha Gautama

In ancient times the _______ connected China to India to Europe.

Silk Road

The Gupta Empire grew very wealthy from the trade of the ____.

Silk Road

Explain the major beliefs of Zoroastrianism

Single high God Cosmic belief in good and evil

Zoroastrianism helped unify the Persian Empire and prevented ___________.

Slavery

How is caste determined and why is it significant?

Social group into which people are born into and cannot be changed. Castes had own leader Hinduism was for Castes/Buddhism was against Karma determined Caste in next life Each caste depended on each other

Basic Beliefs of Confucianism

Social order, harmony, and good government should be based on strong family relationships. Respect for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered society. Education is important both to the welfare of the individual and to society.

Define: Patriarchy

Society where men hold greatest legal and moral authority

Greek philosophers included:

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

slaves

Soldiers who were captured during Mayan wars became

Hunter-forager

Someone who hunts animals and gathers plants for food; Paleolithic Age, -Complete or near-complete reliance on hunted, fished, or gathered foods*

Golden Age

Song Dynasty was considered the ?? of China.

Explain major beliefs of Daoism

Sought to live in harmony with nature Focus on the Dao, or the way of the universe

The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) conquest into __________________.

Southern Egypt - Nubia

spain hiring Columbus to sail west to find India

Spain wanted to expand influence with Ferdinand and Isabella after reconquista. This resulted in

The incredible influence and wealth of Athens bred enemies like

Sparta

Warlike society based on warefare

Sparta

Fearing Athens dominance _________ and its allies fought against _________ led Delian League.

Sparta, Athenian

During the Battle of Thermopylae the Greeks were led by

Spartans

_____ were a very warlike, military society

Spartans

Define: Cultural diffusion

Spread of ideas, customs and technology from one people to another

Facts about Hinduism

Started around 2000 BCE No single founder Founded in India No single sacred text Countless Gods Oldest codified religion Karma/Dharma/Moksha/Reincarnation Formal rituals and caste system

Jenne-Jeno

Stateless societies have no king or capital an example is

Define: Neolithic

Stone age

Life in all ancient civilizations in the River Valley Civilizations was ______. There was a division between the rich and the poor.

Stratified

agricultural

Successful _____ practices led to the accumulation of wealth.

Grand Canal

Sui Dynasty built what?

China

Sui Yangdi unified ?? after a period of discord?

Societies which were stratified included:

Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Shang and early Zhou dynasties in China, Harappa and Mohenjo Darho

Christians worship in a ________, services are led by a pastor or priest and they usually meet on ________ mornings.

Sunday

The Christian day of worship is normally _____. This is the day ______ raised from the ______.

Sunday, Jesus, dead

what is sunnism

Sunni is drawn from a longer phrase referring to the people who follow the established custom, or sunna, meaning the sunna of the Prophet. It is simply the common name for the form of Islam practiced by the majority (about 87%) of Muslims.

The majority of Muslims split into which group?

Sunnis

What are the names of the 2 Islamic Groups

Sunnis and the Shi`ites

centers

Swahili Cities became cultural and political

African, Arab, Indian, and Asian

Swahili City-States were a mix of what cultures?

Islam

Swahili City-States, along the East Coast of Africa converted to ________ due to trade networks and trade with the Indian Ocean area.

The jewish worship is led by a ________ and led by a __________.

Synagogue, Rabbi

Jews worship in _______ or __________.

Synagogues or temples

Define: Class

System of ordering society by dividing people

Define: Hierarchy

System of ranking groups

Internal

Tax shortages and land ownership disputes were examples of Internal or External reasons for the fall of the Han Dynasty

Pax Romana

The 200 year era of peace and prosperity in Rome

Civil Service Exam

The ??? led to a scholar-Gentry class in China.

idols

The Aztec and the Mayan tribes had a lot of gods, and many of them were represented by sculptures made from volcanic rocks, and pottery. They were used as _______ in Aztec religion and sacrifice ceremonies.

Chinampas

The Aztec created ______ whiich were floating islands to adapt to harsh environmental circumstances.

tribute

The Aztec demanded _________ from other cities in the region.

Tenochtitlan

The Aztec developed into ___________ (Mexico City).

c

The Aztec empire is similar to the Assyrian Empire in: (a) their reliance on human sacrifice, (b) their creation of a well-organized government consisting of people pulled from across the empire, (c) their use of fear and a powerful army to force neighboring cities to accept their rule and pay tribute, (d) offering conquered people citizenship and rights that made them less likely to rebel

4 million people

The Aztec had indirect rule over approximately ____

stratified

The Aztec society was _____ between men and women and rich and poor.

long distance

The Aztec valued this type of trade

warlike

The Aztech were a ______ civilization.

temples, public buildings, housing, stone roadways

The Aztecs built (4)

Central Mexico

The Aztecs developed in __________.

The Mongols because they demanded tribute

The Aztecs were mos similar to which other world empire and why?

blood

The Bantu had a strong sense of community based on ______.

not one mass movement, over a long period of time

The Bantu moved east and south. Describe the rate of this movement:

C) Linguistic

The Bantu people can best be categorized as a(n) _______________ group. A) Religious; B) Cultural; C) Linguistic; D) Spiritual

farmers and nomads

The Bantu were ___________ and ___________.

iron working and better farming

The Bantu were farmers and Nomads with __________ and ____________ skills/tools.

Europe

The Black Death was most devastating in _____.

China

The Black Death/Bubonic Plague most likely started in ____.

Founder of Buddhism

The Buddha

Mandate of Heaven

The Chinese philosophical concept of the circumstances under which a ruler is allowed to rule. Good rulers would be allowed to rule with the Mandate of heaven, and despotic, unjust rulers would have the Mandate revoked.

The fact that nearly everyone in Europe was Christian

The Churches influence in the Middle Ages result

The fact that nearly everyone in Europe was Christian

The Churches influence in the Middle Ages resulted from?

small pox

The Columbian Exchange dramatically changed the entire world. Disease, especially ______ would decimate native populations

linguistic

The Eary African society of Bantu were a _________ group.

Marco Polo

The Europeans began to look outward with a greater curiosity about the East from explorers one explorer was _____________ who served in Kublai Khan's court (Yuan Dyn).

civil war, Francisco Pissarro arrived

The Fall of the Inca was the result of: (2)

Why did the Golden Age of Greece end?

The Golden Age ended with When they are conquered by the Masodonians

Why did the Han Dynasty fail?

The Han dynasty ended because of weak rulers, a weakened central government, dishonest officials and greedy aristocrats began grabbing more land and wealth, which angered the farmers. Eventually by A.D. 220 the Han dynasty plunged into a civil war.

Andes

The INca established an empire throughout the _________ mountains.

unity

The INca were incredible builders, using terrace farming and creating cities on a massive scale. They were prolific road builders, which helped maintain _________ of the empire.

describe the figure of the Imam to Shi'ism

The Imams is believed to have special spiritual insight, and is revered as the true earthly authority. Most Shi'is believe there have been twelve Imams, all of them descended from Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and her husband Muhammad's cousin Ali.

C) The Persians

The Inca are most closely related to what empire in regards to their roads and treatment of defeated enemies? A) The Romans; B) The Greeks; C) The Persians; D) The Han

terrace

The Inca created enormous ______ farms.

weaker

The Inca defeated ___________ tribes.

providences

The Inca divided their empire into ________.

war, army

The Inca in South America built their society on ____, all men were required to be in the _____.

governer

The Inca providences had a _________.

Aztec and Maya

The Inca were a stratified society like the _____ and _____.

gold

The Incan Temple of the Sun was decorated with _______.

sun

The Incas built a massive temple to the _____.

the sweat of the sun

The Incas called gold:

gravity

The Incas created monumental architecture. They had no concrete just _______.

Egypt, Japanese

The Incas like ____ and _______ built a massive temple.

rich nobles

The Japanese Daimyo was similar to

king

The Japanese Shogun was similar to a

instability, clans

The Japanese formed during a period of _____ and family _____ played a key role.

Korean, Chinese, and Japanese

The Japanese writing system was influenced by (3)

agricultural

The Kingdom of Ghana was a _________ geographical area.

The Greeks because they were a collection of city-states.

The Maya can most closely be compared to which civilization and why?

independent city-states, Ancient Greece

The Maya developed a complex society based on ____ ___ ___ like _____ ______

southern Mexico and Central America

The Maya developed in ______ and __________.

solar calendar, written language, beautiful cities, extremely tall buildings

The Maya had a number of achievements like (4)

Greeks, hieroglyphics

The Mayan and _____ wrote complex books using _____ language.

solar

The Mayan calendar was a _____ calendar.

~300-900 CE

The Mayan civilizations flourished during what time period?

long count calendar

The Mayan created the ___ ____ ___ based on creation and destruction

Greeks

The Mayan government was similar to the government of the

history

The Mayan recorded their own _____.

trained priests, future, omens

The Mayan sacred calendar was only for _____ _____ to read and use to fortell the _____ and read ______.

hieroglyphics

The Mayan wrote complex books using ______ language.

Theocratic

The Mayans had a _____ form of government

Italian

The Mediterranean sea was blocked by ________city-states

Aztec

The Mexica were later known as _____.

Yellow Turban Rebellion

The Peasant Rebellion was called what?

King Phillip of Spain

The Philippines were named after

Great Schism

The Pope excommunicated the Byzantine emperor (kicked him out of the church) and in 843 BCE the ban on icons lifted. All this led to the great schism (split) of 1054 CE. Representatives of each Church, East and West excommunicated each other.

English, Dutch, French

The Portugal were unable to settle/protect trading posts which led to _____________ (3) pushing Portugal out.

record

The Quipu was a ____ keeping device.

Trans-Saharan trade routes

The Sahara desert forced many sub saharan africa empires to trade via _______________.

Bushida

The Samurai lived a strict warrior code called

Bushido

The Samurai were elite warriors who followed a strict warrior code called ___.

Shogun and Daimyo

The Samurai were solely responsible for the protection of (2)

Foreign Invasion

The Song Dynasty lost trade routes along the Silk Road due to what?

After

The Sui Dynasty came before or after the Han Dynasty?

Trade

The Sui Dynasty had a massive increase in what?

Grand Canal

The Sui Dynasty unified China after a period of Civil War. They started the what?

money and different religions

The Trans-Saharan trade routes connected sub Saharan Africa empires to trade via Trans-Saharan trade routes the effect was ____________.

Southern Mexico

The Yucatan Peninsula is East of Teotihuacan in:

Crusades

The ____ brought Europeans into contact with different cultures during the High Middle ages

Crusades

The _____ were a series of wars during the Middle Ages where the Christians of Europe tried to retake control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims.

Subordination

The act of giving someone or something less importance or power. Subject to the authority or control of another. Ex. During the classical civilizations, public life was a male domain, and women were generally __________________ to men in most cultures.

Conversion (religious)

The act or process of changing from one religion, belief, etc., to another.

Satrap/ Satrapies

The administrators of the Persian government. King Darius set up 20 provinces called satrapies, governed by rulers called satraps.

Define: Paleolithic

The area of history that lasted from 2 million BC to 9000 BC

Polytheism

The belief in many gods or deities. Ex. Hinduism, Greek religion, Roman religion.

Monotheism

The belief in one god or deity. Ex. Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam.

two modern Muslim teachings on the care of the body

The body is to be kept clean; recall that washing is part of the Muslim prayer ritual. Clothing should be neither overly seductive nor overly luxurious, but there is nothing wrong with choosing clothes that are fashionable and attractive. Islam regulates the diet. It forbids the eating of pork and the drinking of alcohol. Sexuality is celebrates as one of Allah's greatest gifts, but one that is to be enjoyed only within marriage.

Scholar Gentry Class

The civil service exam led to the rise of what class?

Chivalry

The code of behavior of Medieval knights, which emphasized bravery, military skill, generosity in victory, piety, and courtesy to women. Similar to Bushido in Japan.

Codification

The collection of a number of laws or rules into one organized body. Ex. The Code of Hammurabi is the first example of ____________________________.

Agriculture

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. *

Manorialism

The economic counterpart to feudalism. It describes how a Lord would generate income on the land. The Lord of the Manor exploited the serfs or tenants who worked his estate, or fief.

What events allowed agriculture to emerge?

The end of an ice age led to an increase in fertile soil

Social Inequality

The existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or classes within a society.

Bantu were responsible for teaching new agricultural technologies to adjacent tribes

The expected outcome for tribes the Bantu people encountered were_______.

Asia

The fall of Constantinople resulted int Europeans loosing their land route to ______.

Aztecs, cortez

The fall of the Inca was very similar to the __________ who were defeated by ___________.

how does Sufism extend the first sentence of Isma's confession of faith

The first pillar of Islam declares "There is no god except God." Sufism extends this a step further, declaring that there is nothing but God. If that is the case, then the worshiper too must be one with God.

f

The following were advancements during the High Middle Ages (a) agricultural, (b) growth of trade networks (c) increased foreign invasion (d) rise of feudalism (e) all of the above (f) just a and b (g) just a, b, and c

diverse

The geography of Africa is very _______.

agricultural communities

The geography of Africa led to ______ __________ in Central/Sub-Saharan Africa.

mountains

The geography of Japan is primarily

Heresy

The goal of the Dominican Order in the Middle Ages and Renaissance was to defend the Church from who?

fragmented

The government of Western Europe after the fall of Rome became ___________ with no major ruler.

monarch, lords, officials, priests, commoners, indentured servents, slaves

The hierarchy of the Aztec society included (7) groups

Aristocracy

The highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices, , esp. nobility. Also, a form of government in which power is held by the nobility. It is a synonym of elite class.

gold

The incas valued _______.

Catholics, Jews

The inquisition was begun by the _______ as a way of finding ________.

Dominicans, Heretics

The inquisition was begun by the ___________ as a way of finding _______________.

What is the king of Upper and Lower Egypt? He is god by whose dealings one lives, the father and mother of all men alone by himself, without an equal. What does without an equal mean in this quote?

The king was the most powerful, no man was equal to his status.

rules

The leaders of the Kingdom of Ghana were strong rulers who governed without any laws and relied on well-trained armies to enact their __________.

Define: Migration

The movement of people

Byzantine Empire

The name given to the East half of the Roman Empire after the fall of Rome

Philosophy

The original meaning of this word comes from the Greek "love of wisdom." It refers to the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the most important Greek _______________________.

Classical Era

The period in World History after the decline of river valley civilizations where large empires first emerged (about 1000 BCE - 600 CE). Greek civilization, Roman Empire, Zhou and Han Empires in China, Mauryan and Gupta Empires in India

European society

The plague almost destroyed _____ _____.

D) Mecca

The presences of the Ka'ba attracted pilgrims to _________. A) Baghdad; B) Damascus; C) Medina; D) Mecca

Assimilation

The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and cultural characteristics of a group

Buddhism

The silk road greatly contributed to the spread of which religion?

Elite

The socially superior part of society. A group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise much power or influence. Ex. members of the ruling ________________ It is a synonym of aristocracy.

Basic beliefs of Hinduism

The soul never dies, but is continually reborn, Persons achieve happiness and enlightenment after they free themselves from their earthly desire, freedom from earthly desires comes from a lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts

Cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural items—such as ideas, customs, religions, technologies, languages etc. Ex. Hellenism under Alexander the Great

b

The three field system had which major effect? (a) animals like horses were used to farm land, (b) there was an increase in the food and population, (c) feudalism began to breakdown as a social order, (d) the church lost significant amount of power (which letter)

Mediterranean, West Africa

The trans-Saharan trade routes connected port cities on the ____________________ coast with trading centers of ______ __________.

Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan

The triple alliance was between 3 major cities and included:

Metallurgy

The working and shaping of metals. Heating rock to melt out the metal which can be cast to form tools and weapons.

Basic Beliefs of Judaism

There is only one God, who watches over and cares for his people. God loves and protects his people, but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings. Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings.

while the Greeks were defeated at _________ they delayed the ___________ who would be defeated. _____________ would become dominant force in Greece.

Thermopylae, Persians, Athens

Agricultural Revolution

These major changes developed in human societies due to this ___________________ revolution: The domestication of animals A population increase Specialization of labor Male dominated societies

Asoka and Constantine

These two emperors had religious conversions during their reign which caused significant changes in their respective empires.

Christianity and Buddhism

These two religions had the following similarities: 1. Both spread along trade routes. 2. Both had large conversion rates from the poor, lower classes, and women. 3. Both had powerful emperors who converted to one of these religions during the Classical Era.

Explain the common goal of Legalism, Confucianism and Daoism

They all wanted to end conflict

Why were Paleolithic societies called egalitarian?

They believed all people are equal

Type

They created movable what?

What does Ashoka and Constantine have in common?

They switched cultures

Explain why Buddhism and Christianity had high conversion rates

They welcomed all people as equals

Paragraph

They would arrange individual letters to make what?

Legalism

This Chinese philosophy believed that order could be maintained by clearly stating laws and enforcing them with rewards and punishments.

Egypt

This First Civilization was above all shaped by the single river that flowed through it and flooded predictably every year to fertilize and bring water to the fields.

Faster communication

This allowed rapid printing of key works, which had what effect?

Indus Valley/Harappan Civilization

This ancient civilization was most known for advanced city planning including plumbing and grid patterns in major city streets.

Specialization of Labor

This began during the Neolithic Age when due to the food surplus not all villagers needed to farm.

Hunter-forager

This is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

Agrarian

This is and adjective that refers to the cultivation of land. During the Neolithic Age, humans lived in ________________ societies.

Pastoralism

This is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. __________________________ transformed early human societies by rapidly increasing technology. ____________________ societies were more mobile (movable) than agricultural societies.

River Valleys

This is where early agricultural communities independently flourished into civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mohenjo-Daro, and China.

Domestication

This refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.

Neo-Confucianism

This resurgence of Confucianism was sometimes called?

Class

This term usually implies a social and economic hierarchy, in which those of higher standing have greater status, privilege, prestige, money and authority.

Feudalism

This was the political and social order developed in the Middle Ages. Nobles offered peasants protection and the land in exchange for service and a portion of the peasant's harvest.

Darius I of the Persian Empire added ________ in Europe to the Persian Empire.

Thrace

What is the name of the Deity of Hinduism?

Three main gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva

Rome developed along the ___________ which was 18 miles inland from sea

Tiber River protected from Navy

What were the two rivers of the Mesopotamia River Valley?

Tigris and Euphrates

What was the environment of the Mesopotamia?

Tigris and Euphrates flooding unpredictable, No natural barriers, Limited natural resources

10,000 BC

Time that people migrated from Asia to North/South America

Define: Codification

To arrange to set down in writing

Conversion (Convert)

To change from one religion to another. Example to convert to Islam.

Define: Tolerance

To have tolerance for someone

master

To join a guild one had to become a ____.

Define: Claim

To say it is true

Tutors and schooling

To take the civil service exam it required what?

Define: Domestication

To tame animals and adapt crops

Define: Toleration

Tolerating differences

Judiasm is monotheistic with two main holy books, the _____ and _____.

Torah and Talmud

What are the two Jewish holy books?

Torah, Talmud

colonies, expiditions

Trade made Spain, France, and England very rich. They wanted to expand influence so they started exploring new areas and creating ________. They depended on explorers to lead ________.

Muslim merchants

Trade revived under Tang and with SE Asia because of ?

colonies

Trade route countries, during the Age of Exploration, resulted in Europe beginning to explore foreign lands and creating _________.

middle east

Trahs-Saharan trade routes connected Africa to the ______________.

True

True or False: Because of the Aztecs significant use of Human sacrifices, other tribes in the region would ally themselves with the Spanish against the Aztecs.

Japan and China

Two civilizations that rose out of a period of instability included:

The community of Muslims is called

Umma

what determines inclusion in the umma

Umma is the community that transcends the boundaries of race, ethnicity, language, and other cultural factors. The Umma is a brotherhood and sisterhood based solely in religion

Islam stressed the community called the _____. Like Christianity, Islam has split into two separate groups ____ and _____.

Umma, Shia, Sunnis

church, Jews, relaxed

Unable to gain credit or money due to ______ regulations, merchants went to ______ for money. Gradually the church _____ its regulations. (High Middle Ages)

Beauty and giving birth

Under Neo-Confucianism women were good for what?

Constricted

Under Neo-Confucianism women's status was?

What are the major contributions of the Qin Dynasty?

Unified China Strong authoritarian Qin government Legalism Constructed the Great Wall Unity imposed - workers created roads to strengthen transportation system

Continuity

Uninterrupted and/or duration without essential change

The Roman Law codified Roman Law. The Law of Nations was the

Universal Law

South, provinces, roads

Unlike the Aztecs, the Inca established their empire in _______ America, along the Andes Mountains. They divided their empire into ____________ and connected it with __________.

Who is being described in this quote? "when we go to buy milk, they won't even take the money from our hands, we must put it down and then they pick it up. They don't let us in their homes, we can't sit with them, we can't eat with them."

Untouchables from Ancient India - that still exist in the caste system of India today

Define: Elite

Upper class

What does Homo Erectus mean

Upright

The Hindu sacred writing was the

Vadas

Emporers

Various Warlords had distrust and assassinated who?

India

Vasco De Gama continued Diaz's route but reached _______.

1497

Vaso De Gama explored in what year

When the Aryans settled along the Ganges river ___________ religions began. This was the start of __________.

Vedic, Hinduism

The Han Dynasty expanded territory into modern day

Vietnam

256-221 BC __________ perio. Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism developed

Warring States

Like Confucianism and Legalism, Daoism started during the

Warring States Period

Confucius started during

Warring States period

Yes

Was a Dark Ages manor self-sufficient?

Empress Wu

Was a cultural icon in the Tang Dynasty

Why did the Persian Empire fail?

Weak leadership, Alexander the Great conquered them

Explain why the Indus Valley civilization was unique

Well planned cities Plumbing systems (sewers) Own system of writing

Yes

Were plots within the emperor's court to assassinate important officials one of the internal reasons for the fall of the Han Dynasty?

Who were the Huns and Xiongu?

Were warlike, nomadic people who defeated everything in their path

Darius I of the Persian Empire added ___________ to the Persian Empire

Western India

At the Fall of the Roman empire Rome was divided into _____ and _____ empires.

Western and Eastern.

Greater population with the ability to colonize and settle, Larger and advanced military to defeat established civilizations

What 2 advantages did the Spanish have when exploring?

Aztec and Inca

What 2 civilizations did the Spanish defeat

Astrolabe, Advanced ships

What 2 key inventions allowed the spanish to look for new ways to Asia

Sahara, Savanna, Rainforests

What 3 types of geography are found in Africa?

Song

What Dynasty was after the Sui and Tang Dynasties?

Empress Wu

What Empress demonstrates the fact that the Tang Dynasty were more lenient toward the role of women?

Camel

What animal made the trans-Saharan trade viable?

Diaz, De Gama, Columbus, Magellan

What are 4 explorers who led expeditions during the European Age of Exploration?

agriculture advancements, trade increase, rise of the guilds, finance expansion, growth of cities, establishment of universitites

What are 6 advancements which were observed during the high middle ages

transfer of culture like language (Spanish/English/French), transfer of religion (Christianity)

What are debatable aspects of the columbian exchange

Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku

What are the 4 main islands of Japan

sub-Saharan Africa

What area did Africa largely exclude in it's trading?

salt and gold

What did Bartholomeu Diaz trade for with the Songhai?

Tea, silk and porcelain

What did Chinese export?

Exotic woods, precious stones and tropical goods

What did Chinese import?

Large intricate buildings

What did Norte Chico build?

Tribute like gold and Human sacrifice

What did the Aztecs demand from conquered people?

iron working, domestication of crops, animals, disease, language

What did the Bantu bring to Africa as they moved to the east and south? (5 things)

Massive head statues

What did the Olmec Civilization build?

Long distance trade networks.

What did the Olmec Civilization establish?

Possibly a jaguar god. 1/2 man, 1/2 Jaguar.

What did the Olmec Civilization worship?

Destabilized the Han Dynasty

What did the Sino Xiongnu Wars do to the Han Dynasty?

Boats and Astrolabe

What did the Song Dynasty need for their type of trade?

those who serve

What does Samurai mean

Rebirth

What does resurgence mean?

Crusades

What event/idea led to the Europeans looking for different ways to Asia?

Bartholomeu Diaz

What explorer from portugal was the first to begin long distance exploration?

Cut off

What happened to the Silk Road during the Song Dynasty?

roads

What helped connect the Inca Empire?

Writing and Buddhism religion

What influences did the Chinese have on Japan (2)

Upper Class Society

What is Gentry?

Fief

What is a grant of land given by a lord to a vassal in return for an oath of loyalty and armed warriors?

Absolute power will corrupt

What is a long term lesson one can learn from the inquisition?

Copy Machine

What is a modern day example of Wood Block Printing?

Serf, Feudal

What is a peasant bound to work on his lord's land and subject to his lord's will while gaining his protection? What type of system is this?

Fighting

What is discord?

Invasion, Internal Revolt, Natural Disaster

What is known about the decline of the Maya (3 possibilities)

Areas assimilated under conquest were normally allowed to keep the same people in power and run affairs as normal

What is on similarity that both the Islamic Empire and Persian Empire shared?

Sun

What is on the Japanese flag?

Calendar

What is one tool that was developed by the Mayan

The government became decentralized and fragmented

What is the best description in Western Europe after the fall of Rome?

Listen to the Pope in all matters

What is the only way a king can maintain his kingdom?

zero interaction

What is the reason that people in the Americas had a lack of immunity to old world diseases?

When Muslims fast to understand what it is like to go hungry and have an increased appreciation for the poor.

What is the significance of Ramadhan?

payment to a dominant empire

What is tribute?

Astrolabe and Advanced Ships

What key invention allowed the Spanish to look for new ways to Asia?

Quechua

What language did the Inca speak?

Yellow and Yangtze

What rivers did the Sui Dynasty link?

using a tribute system on conquered people

What similarity do the Mongols and Aztecs share? appreciation for the arts the lack of a written language advanced math and science contributions using a tribute system on conquered people

C) The Islamic conquest of the region resulted in many conversions to Islam and the adoption of Islamic customs

What statement best explains the adoption of the Arabic language across North Africa? A) The retreat of the Roman Empire allowed people to return to their native language; B) The Islamic conquest destroyed the native populations living in this region; C) The Islamic conquest of the region resulted in many conversions to Islam and the adoption of Islamic customs; D) The defeat of the Byzantine Empire convinced many inhabitants of the superiority of Arabic culture

A banking system

What system did Islamic merchants establish that allowed them to dominate the world economy during the pre-modern world?

Songhai and Umayyad

What two empires were linked to Europe by the European trade route?

Japan and Mesopotamia

What two societies were feudal?

Pyramids and possible temples to a Sun Diety

What type of buildings did Norte Chico build?

Swahili

What type of city-states were located along the east coast?

Magnetic

What type of compass did the Song Dynasty use?

B) Theocratic

What type of government did the Maya have? A) Democratic; B) Theocratic; C) Republic; D) Aristocracy

complex city state government

What type of political structure did the Maya have

External

What type of reason, internal or external, for the fall of the Han Dynasty was the Sino Xiongnu Wars?

Feudal

What type of society (Japan) had a rigid social structure where local rulers, elite families or warlords dominate the land?

Land trade

What type of trade did Africa only rely on?

Ocean trade

What type of trade did the Song Dynasty depend on?

C) Rival tribes turned against them with foreigners

What was an effect of the Aztecs being a warring and vicious civilization? A) They made excellent allies against the Spanish; B) They forced conversion on the Incan people; C) Rival tribes turned against them with foreigners; D) They pursued a policy of peace to make allies

New goods were exchanged throughout Europe and the Middle East

What was one major impact of the Crusades?

They had new technology which allowed them to sail further and faster.

What was the advantage of Portuguese ships which were acquired from Muslims during the Crusades?

they had guns and cannons and were able to defeat established Muslim empires and native populations

What was the advantage of Portuguese weapons?

The Omlec Civilization

What was the first major complex civilization in Central America?

The House of Wisdom

What was the greatest and largest Islamic university during the Abbasid dynasty?

Chivalry. Japanese code of Bushido

What was the name of the code of ethics European Knights were to uphold during the middle ages? What was it similar to?

The sacraments of the Catholic Church

What was the only path to salvation for the people of Europe in the Middle Ages?

they had a lack of major codified religions

What was the religious status of the Americas

Disease

What was the result of fast growing cities during the High Middle Ages?

Kings, nobles, priests, warriors, specialized merchants, peasants

What was the social hierarchy of the Maya

140 degrees

What was the temperature in the Sahara Desert?

Quipu

What was the writing system of the Inca?

Chinese Seas

What water bodies did the Song Dynasty depend on for their Sea Trade?

Spanish invasion by Cortez, Jaded Native Mexican rulers allied with Spanish

What were 2 external factors that led to the fall of the Aztec empire in the 16th century?

lords wanting independence, overspending of money on war and sacrifice, food shortage

What were 3 internal factors that led to the fall of the Aztec empire in the 16th century?

growth of cities, increased interaction, lack of cures or remedies

What were 3 reasons for the destructive effects of the Plague in Europe?

reduced population, trade decline, decline of feudal system, higher pay

What were 4 effects of the Black Death/Bubonic Plague?

Nomadic warriors

What were Ulghers, Kazakhs, Mongols, Jurchens(Manchu), and Xiongnu?

Abbasids and Umayad

What were other Golden Ages of China?

Disruption of trade routes and decline of literacy

What were some of the effects of the fall or Rome?

Crusades created a demand for Asian goods, Curiosity about the East, New navigation, Fall of Constantinople

What were the 4 reasons Europeans began to look outward?

Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasents

What were the 4 tiers of the Japanese Feudal Society?

Agriculture, population, goods, trade, finance, guilds, cities, universities

What were the 8 pieces that flowed together during the High Middle Ages (begin with agriculture and end at universities)?

90% of native population may have died from disease, enslavement of native population dropped and slaves were imported from Africa

What were the negatives of the Columbian Exchange

America received horses, pigs, cattle, sheep and Europe received tomatos, potatoes, corn, tabacco, cocoa

What were the positives of the Columbian Exchange

God, Gold, Glory

What were the reasons Europeans were encouraged to explore? (3)

Healthier population, larger families, growth in population

What were the results of more food being grown in the High Middle Ages? (3)

winter crop, spring crop, fallow field

What were the three fields of the three field system?

Rimbuktu, Taghaza, Cairo

What were three cities the Trans-saharan trade passed through?

Advanced weapons and ships

What where two advantages of Portuguese ships and sailors?

Paper

What would artist stamp their image on?

A) Stratified

What would be the best description for the Maya Society? A) Stratified; B) Mobile; C) Egalitarian; D) Friendly

Diasporas

When Jews are kicked out of their holy land

Han Dynasty

When did the Great Wall begin?

220 A.D.

When did the Han Dynasty collapse?

Migration

When peoples or animals move from one place to another. Ex. According to the "Out of Africa" theory, humans _______________ from Africa to the rest of the world.

907-1279

When was the Song Dynasty?

581-618

When was the Sui Dynasty?

618-907

When was the Tang Dynasty?

Tang Dynasty

When was wood block printing developed?

South toward the tip of Africa

Where did Bartholomeu Diaz explore?

around the cape of good hope

Where did Bartholomeu Diaz sail?

Korea, Japan and Vietnam

Where did Buddhism spread to?

modern day Dominican Republic

Where did Columbus land?

Yucatan Peninsula

Where did the Mayan civilization flourish between ~300 - 900 BC

Along major rivers and natural resources

Where did the Olmec Civilization settle?

Jerusalem

Where was the most difficult shrine for most Christians in the Middle Ages to make a pilgrimage to?

Coastal areas of South America and along river valleys

Where were Norte Chico based?

Modern day Mexico

Where were the Olmec Civilization from?

Aztec and Song

Which 2 civilizations demanded tribute?

A) Displacement and movement of people and diffusion of agricultural technologies

Which BEST summarizes the LARGEST, LONGTERM impact of the Bantu Migrations? A) Displacement and movement of people and diffusion of agricultural technologies; B) Distribution of the knowledge of slash and burn agriculture; C) The spread of language and destruction of most West African stateless societies; D) The spread of Islam through Sub-Saharan Africa

d

Which civilization has never had its writing deciphered? (a) sumer, (b) egypt, (c) shang, (d) Harrapan (which letter)

Magellan

Which explorer helped Spain push past north and south america and into the Pacific Ocean

C) A decentralized state with warring states constantly fighting

Which is the best description for the Maya? A) Highly centralized state focused on a dominant god-king; B) An aggressive empire that focused only on Human Sacrifice; C) A decentralized state with warring states constantly fighting; D) A powerful central government centered at Tikai & Chitzen Itza

b

Which of the following best describes Western Europe after 600 AD? (a) Politically and religiously united by the catholic pope (b) Politically fragmented into small kingdoms but predominantly united by the catholic church, (c) Politically and religiously united by the Byzantine Emperor, (d) Politically fragmented into small kingdoms but predominantly united in religions by the Patriarch of the Orthodox church (which letter)

a

Which of the following best describes the political structure of Maya from 600-900 BC? (a) numerous, independent, warring city-states (b) a highly centralized, aggressively expansionist empire, (c) several weak kingdoms under Aztec control, (d) numerous, small coastal villages dependent on maritime trade (which letter)

d

Which of the following cultural traditions did NOT develop in China during the "age of warring states"? a. Confucianism b. Daoism c. Legalism d. Buddhism (which letter)

A) There were no major codified religions like Hinduisim

Which of the following was a major difference between the development of the Americas and that of the Afro-Eurasians? A)There were no major codified religions like Hinduisim; B) Only a few places had mass domestication animals; C) They lacked immunity to small pox but not to influenza; D) While Americans had the wheel they lacked metallurgy.

a

Which of the following was primarily a philosophical movement that emphasized piety, respect for elders, and family obligations? (a) confucianism, (b) Judaism, (c) Hinduism, (d) Zoroastrianism (which letter)

F

Which of the following were effects of the Crusades? (a) increased power of the pope, (b) increased power of the monarchy, (c) weakening of the feudal system, (d) increased animosity (anger) between Catholics and Orthodox), (e) all of the above, (f) A and B, (g) b, c, and d (which letter)

Aristocrats

Who could afford tutors and schooling?

Mongols

Who defeated the Song Dynasty?

established African Kingdoms

Who did Bartholomeu connect with?

Quetzalcoatl

Who did Montezuma think Cortez was?

craftsmen and artisans

Who did not fit into the High Middle Ages European Feudal Pyramid?

DeGamma

Who traveled further? Diaz or DeGamma?

Sui Yangdi

Who was the Major Emperor of the Sui Dynasty?

Hernan Cortez

Who was the Spanish leader who defeated the Aztecs?

Everyone

Who was the civil service exam open to?

Magellan

Who was the first to sail around the world

Peasants, because they are poor

Who would be excluded from the civil service exam and why?

No language and no written records.

Why are we unsure of the collapse of the Olmec Civilization?

could not access the Mediterranean sea

Why did Bartholomeu Diaz begin exploring?

to become famous

Why did Europeans explore for Glory?

spread christianity

Why did Europeans explore for God?

to grow wealthy

Why did Europeans explore for Gold?

to preserve food

Why did Ghana trade their gold/wealth for salt?

trade with Arab and Indian worlds

Why did Islam spread rapidly in Swahili City States?

They believed that the Inquisition was saving peoples souls

Why did some Christians agree with the mission of the Inquisition.

They thought the Sun needed the strength from human blood

Why did the Aztecs practice human sacrifice?

Because it had fresh water

Why did the Norte Chico base where they did?

Buddhism

Why did the women in Tang Dynasty have more relaxed expectations?

they have no set nation, lack central authority figure, have no king, capital city or military

Why did where stateless societies in Africa called stateless? (5 examples/reasons)

He was sickly

Why was Empress Wu's son not able to rule?

Black Death

Why was their a population drop in Midieval England between 1300 and 1400

haphazard construction, mixing of animals with people, lack of clean water

Why was there disease in High Middle Ages cities? (3)

to set quality standards for common goods

Why were guilds created?

A) They were promised gold and titles

Why were rival kingdoms so willing to work with the Spanish? A) They were promised gold and titles; B) The Aztecs were benevolent rulers; C) Aztecs demanded sacrifices and gunpowder; D) All the above; E) Just A & C

as people traded more they desired to be closer to eachother

Why were there growths of cities during the High Middle Ages?

They truly believed that the church was the only path of salvation.

Why would people be willing to follow the will of the Catholic Church in almost anything in Medieval Europe?

Columbian Exchange

Widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage.

Inheritance under Justinian Code

Woman could not inherit property from their husbands unless it was provided in a will. Children received equal amounts of their father's estate.

_______________ were central to Paleolithic cultures around the world, because they understood that life - children - came from women.

Women

Explain the roles of women in Confucianism

Women at every level of society held a lower place than men

The Silk Road expanded during the Han Empire under ____. _________ also expanded

Wudi, wealth

What where the threats from the North to the Qin Dynasty

Xiongnu

Jews believe that there is a single god _________.

Yahweh

China along the Huang River was located on the Yellow (______) and Huang He River

Yangtze

Does the Caste system still exist in India?

Yes

Daoism believes in a balance of _________ and ________ energies

Yin and Yang

Zoroastrianism sacred book was the

Zend

1045 BC ______ Dynasty established rules for 900 years

Zhau

256 BC _________ Dynasty Collapses

Zhou

Warfare broke out between Chinese nobles at the end of the ______ dynasty

Zhou

Mesopotamia built monumental architecture they called _________ to please gods.

Ziggurats

Zoroastrianism was founded by

Zoroaster

Like Islam, Christianity & Judaism __________ in Persia taught belief in one universal, all powerful god. They were monotheistic.

Zoroastrianism

____________ was the original religion of the Persian Empire

Zoroastrianism

Americas and Afro Eurasians

_______ and _____ developed in much different ways.

Americas

_______ had a lack of immunity to old world diseases.

sacrifice

_______ was an important form of divine celebration

Americas

_________ had no mass domestication of animals.

Nahua

_________ people migrated down into the Valley of Mexico in ~1100 AD.

Columbus

__________ accidentally found the New World. Spain, with its larger population and economy were able to settle and dominate Central and South America. Spanish is still the dominant language there today.

Islam

___________ spread rapidly in Swahili City States.

Tenochtitlan

____________ quickly rose to dominate the two other Aztec cities in the triple alliance.

Monarchy

_____________ remained the type of government with a large bureaucracy supporting it which was a Government and Economy Accomplishment of the Sui-Song era.

Monastery

a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.

Edifices

a building, especially a large, imposing one

Monastery/ Convent

a community of persons devoted to religious life under a superior. Monks live in a monastery. Nuns live in a convent.

According to Sozomen what led Constantine to Byzantium

a divine hand

Terrace

a form of farming on a hill side with stepped ponds

Theocracy

a form of government in which a god or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, with the god's or deity's laws being interpreted by the religious authorities. Example: Pharoah

Inflation

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. Example. When Mansa Musa spent lots of gold in Alexandria.

Deity

a god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion).#

Empire

a group of states or countries under a single supreme leader. Example: emperor or empress.

Class

a grouping of people

Pilgrimage

a journey, esp. a long one, made to some sacred or holy place as an act of religious devotion. Ex. A Christian would do a ______________________________ to the Holy Land

Bureaucracy

a large organization that uses a particular system of administration. This system is characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a division of duties, strict rules of operation and documentation of actions performed.

shaykh

a master and teacher in Islam, such as the leader of an order in Sufism

heretics

a person who differs in opinion from established religious practice

Feudalism

a political and social order in which a ruler (king, lord) offered protection and land in exchange for service.

Sinification

a process where non-Chinese societies come under the influence of Chinese societies. Areas of influence include alphabet, diet, economics, language, law, lifestyle, religion, and cultural values. Ex. Both Japan and Korea experienced ________________________________.

Sinification

a process whereby non-Han Chinese societies come under the influence of Han Chinese state and society.

Surplus

a quantity much larger than is needed. *

Hierarchy

a ranking system

Shamanism

a religion characterized by belief in an unseen world of gods, demons, and ancestral spirits responsive only to the shamans. Religion of Genghis Khan and the Mongols

Dynasty

a series of leaders in the same family

Patriarchy

a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

Schism

a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief

City-State

a state with political and economic control over a city and its surrounding farmland. Examples: Sumerians, Mayan

Social Stratification

a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy by status, wealth, power, etc.

Bureaucracy

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives Example: The Sui Dynasty (581 - 618) United China. Expanded bureaucracy and CS exam

Pilgrimage

a trip to a religious place, like the Hajj to Meca.

Under the Athens Direct Democracy every citizen had

a vote

In 1800 BCE there was a decline in India (Indus River Valley)cities were __________ by BCE. This may have happened due to draught, change in Indus River Levels, and/or declining trade.

abandoned

During the Iron Age Assyrian kings ruled with _________ power

absolute

Corruption

acting dishonestly as a government official. Example would be taking bribes.

Linguistic

adjective relating to language. Ex. The Bantu people can best be categorized as a _____________________ group.

Aryans were ____________ fighters.

advanced

There were incredible __________ during the Greek empire.

advancements

Because they buried their dead Neanderthals were thought to believe in ________.

afterlife

Scholars believed that early Paleolithic humans believed in an __________ and followed ceremonies that revolved around a Creator Deity.

afterlife

What were three important accomplishments of the Shang Dynasty?

agricultural revolution, era of city states, copper to bronze to iron to steel

identify two Sufi methods or disciplines

alfina (breathing/chanting and dancing), whirling dervish

Womans rights under the Justinian Code

all woman can own property, make contracts and will, and bring a lawsuit

The Spartan ____________ destroyed the Athenians.

alliance

Where did the Xiongnu invade China

along the northern borders

Impermanence

also called Anicca or Anitya, is one of the essential doctrines and a part of three marks of existence in Buddhism. The doctrine asserts that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is "transient, evanescent, inconstant".

sufi

an adherent of Sufism, the form of Islam characterized by a mystical approach to Allah, who is experienced inwardly

Abrahamic

an adjective that refers to any or all of the religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) that revere Abraham, the Biblical patriarch.

Astrolabe

an instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant. I

Like Egyptians, Ancient China believed in life after death, but unlike Egyptians, they practiced _____________.

ancestor veneration

The Harsh rule of Shi Huandgi _________ many in his Empire.

angered

Neanderthals made clothes from

animal skins

Paleolithic communities believed that there were spirits in all animals and objects. This is called

animism

Shrewish means

annoying

How did the Romans make sure people had water before pumps?

aquaducts

jihad

arabic for "exertion" or "struggle"

Only about 10 % of the land along the Huang River was

arable

why does Arabia enjoy a special status in Islam

arabs currently make up over 50% of the entire Muslim population and Muslim sacred sites are located in Arabia, and arabic is the language of Islam

Romans persecuted Christians, and threw them into ___ with _________,

arenas, wild animals

All river valley civilizations created _____.

art

The Paleolithic religion was expressed in _________________.

art in the form of cave paintings

Chinampas

artificial Islands used for farming made by piling mud from the lake on rafts -> floating gardens. Example: Aztecs

River Valley Civiliazations

as agriculture spread different areas began to grow different crops that were suited to their environment. These places wehre people began to settle down, grow crops, and start villages.

9 kings after Darius 6 were __________. This weakened the Empire

assassinated

Alexander the great ___________ the cultures of his conquered regions into a common culture called____________.

assimilated, Hellenistic culture

Confucianism emphasized respect for _____.

authority

Utilizing the Hoplite, the Greeks were very effective in _____

battle

The Romans, building a navy, defeated Carthage in the 1st Punic war. The Carthaginians would

be back

why is Allah thought to be as genderless

because maleness and femaleness are human qualities and would thus limit God's nature.

Abated

become less intense or widespread (ended)

Like Confucianism Daoism stresses proper forms of _____.

behavior

what is the Muslim view of the natural world

being the creation of Allah, is good and worthy of reverence.

Shamanism

belief in an unseen world of gods, demons, and ancestral spirits responsive only to the shamans

Claim

belief that somebody had about something???

Confucianism believed that rulers should be

benevalent

Holy book of Christianity

bible

Shi Huangdi held mass ___ to get rid of ideas contrary to what he believed.

book burnings

when and where was Muhammad born

born about AD 570 into the leading tribe of Mecca, a city on the Arabian Peninsula that was an important center of commerce and trade.

What is reincarnation

bring reborn into this world lifetime after lifetime

Because of the Xiongnu threats and attacks the Qin Empire began

building the Great Wall of China

Neanderthals were the first to ______ their dead.

bury

Muhammad's wife Kadihah was an extremely successful _______.

business women

What were the Egypt river valley achievements? (5)

calendar, mummification, papyrus paper, written language of hieroglyphics, and strong cultural identification

3rd pillar of Islam

calls for fasting, which takes place during Ramadan (9th month of the Muslim year)

describe the Qur'an's size and structure and identify its original language

can be compared to Jesus Christ's role for Christianity. It is about four-fifths the size of the New Testament and is divided into 114 suras or chapters. Originally written in Arabic

Knowledge of Nile flooding allowed ancient Egyptians to build elaborate _________ to irrigate the desert.

canals

River valley civilizations created monumental architecture including

canals, pyramids, and city defences

The Aryans established a social system called a _______ system.

caste

Neanderthals lived in _____ and ____

caves and tents

1st pillar of Islam

central creedal statement, confession of faith known as the Shahada

The Qin Dynasty had a __ power to avoid another civil war

centralized

The decline of the Roman Republic occurred as rome expanded and continued to

change

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share many _____ and ________.

characteristics and holy figures

_______ was founded by Jesus Christ who was crucified around AD 33 in ________

christianity, Palestine

The Christian place of worship is called a

church

Large scale building occured after the Nika Riots including (3)

churches, statues, and entertainment venues

Rome was successful because they extended roman _________ and allowed states to run internal ________.

citizenship, affairs

When Sparta invaded Athens Pericles allowed people from the countryside to move inside the _____.

city

Sumer: Ur and Uruk =

city states

Confucianism helped establish China's ________ exam system.

civil service

After the death of Shi Huandgi there was another period of __________.

civil war

As the Roman Republic expanded and faced many challenges including government and army challenges a _____ broke out.

civil war

The Han Dynasty collapsed due to a number of reasons. ________ broke out after it's fall

civil war

Ancient Mesopotamians wrote on ________.

clay tablets

The environmental changes which occurred during the Bronze age included

climate change, drought, and volcanos

A Hoplite battle unit used a ___ formation that created a wall of _____ to protect the soldiers

close, shields

The aryans were the first to use cotton as ________.

cloth

Hinduism is the oldest _________ religion

codified

Romans built aquaducts. THey also used _____ to build massive structures including

coliseum, temples, roads

220 AD Han Dynasty _____

collapsed

The Western Empire at Rome ________, The Eastern Empire, with it's capital at Constantinople would _________.

collapsed, continue.

The greeks became overcrowded and began to spread out and started new ____ that eventually became _______.

colonies, city-states

The Greak influences on Latins were due to Greek ___________:

colonization

what is the meaning of the term shi'i

comes from the shi'at'all, which means "partisans of Ali."

After victories many Greeks would have _________ pots made

commemorative

In Paleolithic society fires created a space to gather and ________ during the night.

communicate

Xi Jianping sees confucianism as a way to enforce the ______ party's power.

communist.

Mulims emphasize the ______ of _________.

community of muslims

Dao humanity was

compassion

The Legalism ruler did not have to show ___________.

compassion

During the Bronze Age civilizations were in full swing with ____ government

complex

The Romans were incredible builders, this helped with new technology like _____ and the ____.

concrete and the arch

Current Chinese Leader Xi Jianping is focusing on _______

confucianism

Unlike the Qin, the Han adopted ______. But they kept the Civil Service Exams from the ______.

confucianism, Qin

The fall of constantinople and the Byzantine Empire would have major ______ for the world

consequences

The Great Schism was a break between Rome and Constantinople which _____________

continues today

Like Christianity, Buddhism had early ___________ rates.

conversion

Theodora gave her speech to remain and fight. Her words ______ the crown and rebellon successfully crushed ______ were killed

convinced, 30,000 rioters

Aryans grew

cotton and spices

What textile was developed by the Han Dynasty?

cotton cloth

muhammad

creator of Islam

Writing systems were _____ to passing down knowledge, tracking records, establishing law codes and writing stories.

critical

Roman Geography included flat geography which allowed for growing _______.

crops

Confucianism influenced China's ________ to this day.

culture

What are the 9 characteristics of Empire and States

culture, government, social class, writing, literature, architecture/arts, religion, lifestyle, worldview

The ice age ended when ice bridges melted. Distinct ________ began to establish

cultures

Because Mesopotamia did not have natural borders life was __________ and _________. They were more prone to attacks and believed that the gods were angry.

dangerous and unpredictable.

Augustus Ceasar decaared that the Emperor of Rome, the Republic is

dead

Shahadah

declaration of faith, I bear witness that there is no god but god; I bear witness that Muhammad is the prophet of god

Athens was the birthplace of

democracy

Cyprus the greate ended the second _______.

diaspora

Cooked food is easier to ______ allowing more nutrients to be absorbed.

digest

Rome was successful because they had a good

diplomatic ambassador

Jesus gathered 12 ________ to help spread the __________.

disciples, gospel

The decline of the Roman Republic occurred because poor landowners grow _____ creating growth of _____

disgruntled, instability

Class Divisions

division into rigid groupings, such as in Hinduism

Because each person was a member of their polis and not a state there was _____ among city states and no _____ of Greece.

division, unity

Muslim woman have the rights to: (2)

divorce, inherit property,

three specific points of contention are commonly cited by critics with women

divorce, polygamy, and the wearing of the veil

Early man began to ____________ and ______________ around 10,000 BC this started the Neolithic Revolution.

domesticate animals and farm crops

Classical Greece had ___________ expansion

dramatic

sufism

draws its adherents from both Sunnism and Shi'ism

Dao focused on ____ and ____.

duty and humanity

Buddhism teaches you can escape suffering by giving up _____ desires.

earthly

what is teh literal meaning of the term qur'an

earthly center of Islam

islamic dietary regulations forbid

eating pork and drinking alcoholic beverages

In Rome both men and women were _____. Males were _______. Most women were required to have a ________ with them.

educated, head of household, guardian

What type of animal did Hannibal use in war

elephants

The second Punic War 218 to 201 BC Carthage was ____ by 1st Punic War and vowed revenge

embarrased

Iron Age kingdoms kept direct contact with the people who helped administer their

empire

The Iron Age was a new __________

empire

Roman expansion led to conflict with established

empires

During the Bronze age Collapse there were _____ and ______ changes

environmental and cultural changes

In gods eyes everyone was ________.

equal

For God so loved the world he sent his only begotten son so that whoever believes in him would not perish but have ________.

everlasting life.

Why were woman attracted to Christianity?

everyone was equal, empowered poor and powerless

In Ancient India the untouchables are

evil men

During the Great Schism/Break in the Church fights esculated between groups both groups _______ each other and two separate _____ were created

excommunicated, churches

Darius I came after Cyrus, he ________ the Persian Empire greatly and established ______ to help manage the huge empire.

expanded, Satrapies

The Paleolithic culture used art to

explain the world around them (supernatural forces that controlled their world)

Hammarabis code

eye for an eye

Christians believe that they are saved by ________ and _______.

faith and good works

What are the five Pillars of Islam?

faith, prayer, almsgiving (or charity) to the poor, fasting

clan

family may also be referred to as

Sawm

fast during the month of Ramadan

Muslims _____ for one lunar month each year, a period called _____.

fast, Ramadan

Aryans could clear jungle around the Ganges for _________.

fertile farm land

What does impassioned mean

filled with or showing great emotion

Social class in ancient civilizations of the river valley was enforced by ____ or ____.

fines or punishment

Homo Erectus used _______ to cook food and give off heat.

fire

Homo Erectus was believed to be the first to control _____.

fire

Paleolithic communities - most important invention

fire

Zoroastrianism was the ________ monotheistic religion.

first

The roman geography was (high or flat)

flat

Dao duty was

focus on family

coerce means to ______

force

The Byzantine Empire was threatened by many

foreign groups

what leads to sin?

forgotfullness

Jericho

found in ancient Palestine near the Dead Sea. It was in existence by 8000 BCE

Sub-Saharan

from or forming part of the African regions south of the Sahara desert.

Age of Exploration

from the end of the 15th century to the 18th century, was an informal and loosely defined European historical period marking the time period in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and the beginning of globalization.

In Paleolithic communities women were mainly in charge of

gathering fruits and berries

Athens faced a serious _________ disadvantage from the start of the Peloponnesian war.

geographical

The Greek _____ forced them to create city-states and focus on maritime trade.

geography

Zakah

give money to charity

What is Moksha

goal of human existence, escape from cycle of reincarnation to join with the Brahman

Greek culture believe in multiple _______ who lived ________.

gods, on top of Mt. Olympus

Some river valley civilization rulers were seen as _____ or _____ for the _____.

gods, patrons, gods

benevalent means

good

Virtues are

good things

Shi successfully unified China and instituted a number of reforms to make _______ easier.

governance

River valley civilizations had strong central

governments

Mauryan's __________, Ashoka, grew the empire of the Mauryan Dynasty.

grandson

Greek influence on the latin people of italy included an influence on agriculture with the cultivation of the

grape and olive

Cyrus the great ruled form 559 to 530 BCE ans was a _______ leader

great

Veneration

great respect; reverence. In several cultures, like in China or Africa, the ancestor __________________________ is the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living.

Alexander the Great had to suppress some ____ after his father's death.

greek revolts

The intricate city plans of India (Indus River Valley) Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro included:

grid patterned streets, sewage system, garbage chutes, and multi-story buildings

Kin

group of family and close relations

Paleolithic communities were organized by small __________ of about 20-40 people, of _____.

groups, kin

The Fall of Constantinople marked the regular use of ______ in combat

gun powder

The Babylonians King Nebuchadnezzar constructed the _____ gardens of Babylon, 7 wonders of the world

hanging

Daoism, like Confucius, started during the Warring States Period, emphasized ________ with nature.

harmony

Daoism emphasizes ________ with _________.

harmony with nature

Confucianism is ________, Legalism is even more ________ and Daoism is ___________.

harsh, harsh, equal

From the age of 9 Hannibal's father made him swear to always

hate Romans

Social Inequality

having classes where some people ranks higher than others. Example Hindusim.

Polygamy means

having many wives

Christians believe in _______ and _______.

heaven and hell

The Assyrian Empire brutally enforced

hegemony

In Buddhism rich and prosperous families gave up riches to ______.

help the poor

In Paleolithic society fire was an important invention for man because:

helped cook food, provided security, provided safety, may have facilitated the invention of language

Iron Age transportation/courier system was a system on _________ used to deliver messages

horseback

The Xiongnu mastered the art of fighting on ________ using ______ archers to attack.

horseback, horse

Assyrians were excellent ______ with an excellent ________

horsemen, military

The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) Pharaoh was seen as more _____________ and ________________ of the people.

human and caretaker

Because humans have extra food and a permanent home after settling after the ice age

human populations began to grow causing cities to grow larger

God sent his son to earth to save __________ from the consequences of its _________.

humanity, sins

Hominids

humans and other mammals that walk upright

Because humans began to settle after the ice age

humans began to domesticate animals and grow crops

Because the ice age came to an end

humans began to settle along fertile river valleys

Because there was an ice age

humans had to feed themselves by hunting and gathering.

The Persians were ______ by Greeks at ________. Xerxes the next Persion leader vows to avenge his __________.

humiliated, Marathon, father

Early Humans were _______________ during the Ice Age.

hunter-gatherers

In Paleolithic communities everyone in the group was responsible for

hunting and gathering

In Paleolithic communities men were mainly in charge of

hunting wild game

Early man lived during the _____ age.

ice

During the ice age large portions of the world were connected via _________.

ice bridges

Alexander the great would have a long lasting ____ on the world.

impact

During the Nika Conquer Riots Justinian and other royals wanted to leave. Theodora gives an _________ speech for remaining and fighting

impassioned

critical means

important

Classical Greece made cultural ___________

improvements

Moksha

in Hinduism, this is the release from the cycle of rebirth that the highest caste can achieve if dharma is followed and karma is generated

meager

inadequate, lacking quality

two modern nations whoe goverment isbased on the Shari'a

including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan

Fall of the Roman Empire - as Rome expanded they faced a number of issues. What are 5 of these issues?

inflation, military dependence on mercenaries, moral decay, political problems, invasions

Sparta was located _______ the __________navy was no good against them.

inland, Athenian

Hoplite troops were disciplined to hold a line which created a nearly ______ forest of points to the front

inpenetrable

Aryans used ___________ tools and weapons.

iron

Assyrians utilizing ______ were able to dominate large portions of the Middle East.

iron

Colonization

is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.

Classical Era

is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome

Toleration

is the acceptance of an action, object, or person which one dislikes or disagrees with

Sub-Saharan

is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

The first Greek civilizations, in the form of city-states, emerged on islands and valleys _______ from others

isolated

China along the Huang River developed in __________ from Mesopotamia, Egypt and Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. This was ended by the ___________.

isolation, Silk Road

Hinduism belief in ______________ - doing good things will bring good to you and do ill then bad will happen to you.

karma

excommunicated

kicked out of church

Decimate

kill, destroy, or remove a large percentage or part of

The Satraps of the Persian Empire protected the ________, collected __________, provided justice and security, and got ________ for the army.

kingdom, taxes, soldiers

The decline of the Roman Republic occurred because the army came from _____, urban poor joined _____, generals involved in _____. All of these pieces caused_____.

landless farmers, promised land, politics, instability

The people of Italy were

latins

The Justinian Code was a ___________

law code

Legalism's fear from harsh punishment would keep people from breaking _______.

laws

Complacent means

lazy

Confucius is similar to

legalism and daoism

Most ancient writing systems were

legophonetic

Plebians were mad up of ____________ landholders, crafts people, merchants, and small farmers.

less wealthy

qur'an

literally "reading" or "recitation"

homo erectus

lives in Africa and uses large tools

When Muhammad was pushed out by wealthy merchants he fled but he was able to gain support of ___________ and was able to defeat the merchants and _____________.

local tribes, spread his teachings

Emperor Justinian worked to recover

lost lands of Rome

Plebians were the __________ of the Roman Republic

lower class

Plebians were the workers made up the _____ of the population.

majority

Hajj

make a pilgrimage to Mecca if it is financially possible

Hoplites were _____ citizens who normally owned property or business and could afford bronze armor, weapons, and training

male

Patriarchy means

males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

China established along waterway independent from any other civilizations. They believed in the ___________ where you received your power to rule from heavan.

mandate of heavan

What is Devas

manifestations of Brahman that are active in the world and who help to maintain order

The writing of a legal code standardizes the coe so that it is not as easily

manipulated

Athans focused on trade and _____ empire

maritime

briefly describe the Night of Power and Excellence

marks the beginning of Muhammad's career as a prophet.

In Buddhism all ill in the world is because of human attachment to ________________________.

material or worldly things

The balanceof Ying and Yang is found in _____ and _____.

medicine and rituals

Egypt achievements

medicine, pyramids, hieroglyphics

Egalitarian society

men and woman were considered equal to eachother

Han Dynasty officials and rulers were chosen by ______ rather than birth.

merit

Other empires took advantage of the Bronze Age Collapse by stabilizing their monarchy and developing the strongest army in the ____________.

middle east

After Muhammad's death Islam spread through the ___________ and ___________

middle east and north Africa

Alexander the great is considered one of the greatest _____ leaders of all time.

military

Warlords (of China - Huang River - Shang Dynasty)

military leaders who command their own armies and who are put in charge of territories of land

Islam worshippers are called to worship from __________.

minarets

The Justinian code is the basis for may __________ day law codes

modern

The fall of the Roman Empire was due to a number of reasons. One reason was inflation and the increased spending of the military. What was inflation?

money was worth less

islam is...

monotheistic

The Babylonians were an advanced civilization that built _________ architecture like the Hanging Gardens

monumental

Under Caesar Rome became an empire and a number of reforms occur (5)

more land for the poor, large building projects and jobs for poor, larger senate gave ceasar more power, a new calendar of 365 days

Greece had to trade for ________.

most goods

Chandragupta Maurya united

most of India

The Greek Geography included many ____

mountains

Greece was isolated by

mountains, hills, and seas

who is Ishmael, and what is his place in Islam

moved to Mecca and became the ancestor of the Arabs.

5th pillar of Islam

must make their pilgrimage or hajj to Mecca

Indigenous

native, originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country

Roman Geography included __________ barriers

natural

In 30,000 BCE Homo sapiens sapiens replace _______

neanderthals

The first humans were

neanderthals

insatiable

never satisfied

what does heir mean

next leader

The Jewish see Jesus as a ____________ person

normal

inconceivable

not capable of being imagined or grasped mentally; unbelievable.

Foreign

not native

Impermanence

not permanent. This is one of the essential doctrines in Buddhism. The doctrine asserts that all of existence, without exception, is "transient, evanescent, inconstant".

Rome collapsed for a _____ of different reasons.

number

Hinderance menas

obsticle

The caste system is based upon __________ and ____________.

occupation and family ties

Matrilineal

of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.

Matrilineal

of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line. Ex. Many African societies traced lineage through the mother, and were therefore ________________, even though these societies were patriarchal, as men usually held political power.

Foreign

of, from, in, or characteristic of a country or language other than one's own.

Sunni

one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.

Shia

one of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true successor.

Jike Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Confucius' teaching was ____.

opposed

Estruscan Kings were seen as

outsiders

The decline of the Byzantine Empire was due to the Byzantine Military becoming

overstreched

Along the Nile Papyrus plants grew and were used to create

paper

All river valley civilization societies were

patriarchy

tranquility

peace

Liu Bang a man of ______ origin was the founder of the ______ Dynasty

peasant, Han

Early conversion rates means

people believed in that religion

Elite

people who have power over those under them.

Mosques contain only designs, there are no

people, animals or furniture

As Rome expanded it came into contact with many different

peoples

When the gods created Gilgamesh they gave him the _____ body. Shamash the glorious sun endowed him with beauty, Adad the god of the storm endowed him with _____... terrifying like a wild bull. Two-thirds they made him god and one-third man.

perfect, courage (Epic of Gilgamesh)

Christians believed that they can have a ______ relationship with God.

personal

Basic beliefs of Buddhism

persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating their attachments to worldly things

The New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (1567-1652 BC) had key ________________ like Hatshepsut (first female pharaoh).

pharaohs

The word Mosque comes from the Arabic word for

place of prostration

Subordination

placed in or belonging to a lower order or rank

Overcrowding of the Athens city led to a ________ that killed 1/3 of the people

plague

Harappa/mohenjo-daro achievements

pluming and sewage system

There was no direct evidence of a _____________ structure in India (Indus River Valley)

political

Hinduism is a ____________ religion that is still practiced by millions of people around the world.

polytheistic

Soil in Greece was ______ for agriculture.

poor

Christianity empowered the ____ and _____.

poor and powerless

a food surplus in Rome led to a large

population

Peasants struggled during the Han Dynasty because

population growth reduced the amount of available farm land

What were reasons the Han Dynasty fell? (5)

population, finances, rivalries, complicated bureaucracy, Norther invaders

The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) had massive public works project to benefit the ___________.

population.

Confucianism believed that social hierarchy is

positive

The Laws and politics of Rome were __________ and created institutions that responded to ______.

practical, problems

2nd pillar of Islam

prayer

When Jesus was 30 years old he began to _____.

preach

Christian services are led by a ___, ____, or ____.

priest, pastor, or reverand

Leadership of Christianity

priests, ministers, monks, nuns

How did development along the Tiber river protect Romans?

protected from Navy

Mauryan Dynasty (324-183 BC) divided India into ____________ and ___________ his power.

provinces and concentrated

After the death of Alexander the great the empire was divided into

ptolemys

Rome fought 3 wars against the Carthaginians called the

punic Wars

During the Qin Dynasty people who oppsed rule were ______ or ______.

punished or executed.

Sparta would ____ the population of the foes it defeated

purge

The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2700-2200 BC) built _________ .

pyramids

The Indus River monsoons were critical in bringing ________ to farmers and __________ helped push ships for _______.

rain, winds, trade

Farming

raising crops, like the three sistors

As teh Republic, and later Empire, the legal code was expanded to apply to everyone, a universal law based on

reason

If womeone in Mesopotamia hit a person of a higher rank that person would

receive 60 strokes with an oxtail whip in public

Emperor Justinian wanted to ____ the Roman lands that were lost when Rome was separated into two halves.

reconquer

Egalitarian

relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Divine

relating to or coming from God or a god

Paleolithic

relating to or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used. * The Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools. *

Neolithic

relating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.

Unlike Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia had no natural barriers, consequently, this altered their belief in _____________.

religion

No separation between ________________ and _________

religion and state

Cyrus the great of Persia treated conquered peoples fairly by allowing them to keep their own __________ and ________.

religions and customs

monotheistic

religions with one god

Cyrus the great ruled with _____ tolerance of other cultures

religious

Endure

remain in existence or last

Sedentary

remaining in one place *

The Immortals numbers were never allowed to fall below 10,000. To maintain this number they were .....

replaced from behind so they appeared to never die

The Romans kicked out the Etruscans and over the next 200 years united the Italian Peninsula under a

republic

the muslim practice of daily prayer

required to pray five times a day: early morning, noon, mid afternoon, sunset, and evening. Prayer requires ritual washing of the hands and face, prostration in the diresction Mecca, and other ritual movements.

Filial Piety

respect family and authority

The location of Constantinople made it ideal for trade, defense and connecting teh Byzantine Empire with the

rest of the world

People under Cyrus the Great of Persia's rule were less likely to _____ because of his respect of people.

revolt

Pastoralism

revolution of domestication, 11,500 years ago, alternative food producing in 4000 BCE, raising livestock, where agriculture wasn't possible, kinship based groups or clans, women were higher status, supported smaller populations, connected to agricultural neighbors, mounted warfare military advantage. Huge part in Eurasian history, Mongol influence, utilized all land, military strength

affluent

rich

During the Bronze age societies were stratified _____ versus _____

rich versus poor

Lucrative trade routes brought goods from around the world into Rome. What does lucrative mean?

rich, lots of money

Human civilization began along ___________ in Mesopotamia, the Nile, the Indus, and in China.

river valleys

Like other ancient civilizations, China developed along key ___________.

rivers and water ways

Rome was successful because ____ allowed soldiers to be deployed quickly

roads

Rome was successful because they built towns connected by _____

roads

Nomadic

roaming about from place to place to survive. Both men and women were responsible for finding enough food to eat.

Hoplites carried a 3 things

round shield, short sword, thrusting spear

The roman empire was divided into Western and Eastern Empires they were too large to _____.

rule

The Roman Patricians were great landowners, they were the

ruling class

Vedas

sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests

Fire provided ________ from hungry, larger, animals and from enemy clans in Paleolithic society.

safety

Circumnavigate

sail or travel all the way around (something, especially the world).

Circumnavigate

sale all around the world. Example: Magellan

The Justinian code was created to ensure every where was under the

same law

The Satrapies provinces of the Persian Empire were ruled by a governor called a

satrap

After the fall of Canstantiople and the trade routes to china and india being cut off Europeans began to look for new ways to Trade with China and India via

sea routes

In Rome during events men and women were not

segregated

What is Dharma

set of spiritual duties and obligations that must be fulfilled to achieve moksha

As the Ice Age ended humans began to __________.

settle

The effects of the fall of Constantinople included the land trade routes to China and India being _____by Ottoman Turks

severed

If your husband does something wrong, gently correct him.... Don't imitate those __________ women who love to clash head with their husbands all of the time. (Confucianism Analects for Women)

shrewish

The _________ roads was established after Ashoka.

silk

Shang China achievements

silk, cast iron

Were Australopithecus large or small?

small

Why did Hammurabi write down the laws?

so people won't do bad stuff, everyone would know laws so abusive ruler can't change the law.

Warfare which broke out between Chines nobles at the end of the Zhou dynasty led to a period of upheaval and chaos. This caused people to think about the best way to restore (3 things)

social order, harmony, respect for authority

Due to chaos during the Warring States Period, Chinese began to look at new philosophies to organize ______..

society

Agrarian

society whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland. *

River valley civilizations were an organized ____ by _____ if necessary

society, force

Rome was successful because they had skilled persistent ______ and brilliant _____.

soldiers, strategists

Christian believed that Jesus Christ was the ________.

son of god

During the Peloponnesian War with the help of the Persian navy, the ___________ captured _____________ and stripped it of its fleet and empire.

spartans, Athens

five pillars

specific religious and ethical requirements for Muslims: the confession of faith (shahada), praer or worship, fasting during Ramadan, wealth sharing, and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

Cultural diffusion

spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another. Example: Caused by the Crusades

After Darius, Persian kings became complacent. They were content to

stay in palaces

In the Aryan Caste system in India if you were born into one class you _________.

stayed in that class

The Han Dynasty developed _____ for stronger and more durable tools and weapons.

steel

During the Neolithic Revolution advancement of 3 items occured

stone tools, better clothing, pottery for food storage

Indian society was like Ancient Egypt , very ____________ between different social classes.

stratified

For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will _____ the first born in the land of ________ both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute the judgments - I am the Lord.

strike down, Egypt

The Assyrian empire utilized Iron which allowed them to make _______ to defeat enemies.

stronger weapons

During the Han Dynasty peasants _______.

struggled

All river valley civilization had powerful governments that were able to coerce the population into ____.

submission

In Confucianism women are considered to be ______ to men

submodinate

Confucianism emphasized social hierarchy, women were _____.

subordinate

Hunters and gathers lived a _____________ lifestyle.

subsistance

Roman Geography played a key role in their_____ as an empire.

success

The Han Dynasty Fell from its own _____

success

Theocratic

system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

Hannibal's war elephants were modern day

tanks

After Darius, Persian kings became complacent. They increased ______ and isolated the ________.

taxes, empire

Under the Han Dynasty many were forced to sell their land and become _____ farmers while wealthy land owners gained much of the land.

tenant

Holy book of Confucianism

the Analects, the Five Classics

The Great Schism in Canstantinople was

the Break in the Church

Hajj

the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.

mosque

the Muslim place of worship, traditionally a structure that includes a prayer hall and an enclosed courtyard, with towers called minarets at the corners

mosque

the Muslim place or building of worship, traditionally including a prayer hall and courtyard, with towers called minarets at the corners

Codification

the action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan.#

Colonization

the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the native people of an area.

al-fana

the aim of Sufi mystics; the extinction of one's sense of separate existence before achieving union with Allah

who appeared to Muhammad in a dream on the Night of Power and Excellence

the archangel Gabriel

Animism

the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.

Polytheism

the belief in or worship of more than one god.

what has made the Shi'ism more politically volatile than Sunnism

the belief in the return of Muhammad al-Mahdi and the general emphasis on the imam as an authority figure

Umma

the community of all Muslims

Agriculture

the consistent growing of cops on a continuing basis

The resurrection is

the day that Jesus rose from the dead

Culture

the different ways that people express themselves

What allowed for the Neolithic Revolution?

the discovery of agriculture

Diaspora

the dispersion of any people from their original homeland. This term often refers to Jewish dispersion beyond Israel. King Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE began the Babylonian Captivity, the first ________________, or scattering, of the Jewish people. They are freed by Cyrus the Great, return to Jerusalem and rebuild their city. They are eventually conquered by the Romans and become the Roman province of Judea. The Romans destroy the Temple of Jerusalem for the second time in 70 CE thus starting the Second ______________________. The second ____________________, many believe, ended with the establishment of the Nation of Israel in 1948.

Dharma

the divine law that requires all people do their duty based on their caste.

Shari'a

the divine law, derived from the qur'an and the sunna, encompassing all and setting froth in detail how Muslims are to live

sunni

the division of Islam practiced by most Muslims, named after the Sunna

Monotheism

the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

hijra

the emigration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later called Medina in AD 622)

Nirvana

the end of pain and suffering state of enlightenment- in the Buddhist religion

What is Brahman

the eternal being, created and preserves the world, everything in the world is an aspect of Brahman

What was the Civil Service Exam

the exam you had to pass to be able to work in the government during the Han Dynasty

muslims consider Muhammad to be the Seal of the Prophets because they believe that he is

the final prophet, revealing the will of Allah fully and precisely and for all time

Shahada

the first pillar of Islam; the tradition's central creedal statement

Karma

the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life.

The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) was called what age?

the golden age or age of stability

Chivalry

the idea of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility. It was a code of ethics that Knights were supposed to uphold similar to the: Samurai. Bushido.

Florida

the island chains of Japan would stretch from Canada to ____.

imam

the leader fo the Friday worship service who also delivers a sermon (spiritual leader)

Shia's believed that

the leader of Islam should come from Muhammad's family

Sunnis believed that

the leader of Muslims were appointed from consensus/election

Economy

the management of wealth and resources of an area

caliphs

the military and political leaders of the Muslim community who succeeded Muhammad after his death

Ramadan

the month-long period during which Muslims fast from dawn until sunset each day

hajj

the pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are to make at least once in their lifetime, if they can afford it and are physically able

Heaven

the place where God or gods live. Also where human rulers often said their power came from.

What does Prolific mean?

the power to reproduce in kind or to assist in reproduction - (writing a lot)

Rationalism

the principle or habit of accepting reason as the supreme authority in matters of opinion, belief, or conduct.

Philosophy

the rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics. Philosophy is a set of ideals, standards or beliefs used to describe behavior and thought. An example of philosophy is Buddhism.

Reincarnation

the rebirth of an individual's soul in a different form after death.

Centralized government means

the rule resided in one individual who assigned responsibility to others

China's unique government along the Huang River was described as centralized, what does this mean?

the rule resided in one individual who assigned responsibility to others.

Linguistic

the scientific study of the structure, sounds, and meaning of language.

Who is Alexander the Great and why was he important?

the son of Philip II, became king of Macedonia, and he defeats the Persians

What is Atman

the soul, each person has one that is an aspect of Brahman, can't ever be destroyed

Ka'ba

the stone cubical structure in the courtyard of mecca's Great Mosque that is regarded by muslims as the sacred center of the Earth

Karma

the sum effect of a person's actions, good and bad, which helps shape future experiences

Bronze Age

the time in history when bronze was used as the primary metal

Society (Paleolithic Characteristics)

the way that people organize themselves compared to each other - rich vs poor, men vs women, children vs adult, etc.

What were the achievements of Mesopotamia? (5)

the wheel, the plow, written language (cuneiform), epics, number system with base 60 and 360 degress

Columbian Exchange

the widespread transfer of: plants and animals, diseases, culture, human population, technology and ideas. Between the Americas and Europe/Africa in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries beginning with Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage

According to the ____________________ human life began in Africa and gradually evolved over millions of years.

theory of evolution

What theory says that modern day humans evolved from the great apes over millions of years and migrated out of Africa?

theory of evolution

animism

there are spirits in all animals and objects

Basic beliefs of Christianity

there is only one god, who watches over and cares for his people, Jesus was the sone of god. He died to save humanity from sin. His death and resurrection made eternal life possible for others.

Evidence

things such as artifacts, about which little information is given, requiring scientists to make educated guesses

Hinduism is the _____ largest religion in the world.

third

arable

this term means farmable

Assimilated means

to absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group

stratified

to arrange in a hierarchical order, especially according to graded status levels

Cultural Assimilation

to become like the culture that people move into.

stratified

to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or social strata (what is the term for this)

Veneration

to hold in high regard and honor, such as burning objects to accompany the dead.

Migration

to move from one country or place to live or work in another. Example: Bantu migration

Why did Alexander the Great turn to conquering the Persians?

to prove his strength

Domestication

to tame (an animal), to live in close association with human beings as a pet or work animal and usually creating a dependency so that the animal loses its ability to live in the wild. OR to adapt (a plant) so as to be cultivated by and beneficial to human beings.

Cyrus I practiced religious _______ on his defeated subjects.

tolerance

Homo Erectus used stone _____.

tools

Minarets

towers on the mosque corners

What was a Greece Polis

town, city, village

Why was writing important in river valley civilizations?

track records, trades, harvest, used as propoganda, talk about a ruler, establish law codes, write stories

Because their soil was poor it was necessary for Greece to _____.

trade

During the Bronze Age _______ was occurring regularly between large settlements

trade

The Hellenistic Culture spread by

trade

Islam came out of the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammad saw a vision from Gabriel and the Revelations became the Quran. Like Christianity, Muhammad was able to spread his message along ___________.

trade routes

Like Christianity, Buddhism spread along ________

trade routes

Greek Drama developed the

tradegy

Greece City-states developed _____ fleets and maritime culture.

trading

Using gun powder Cortez and Pissarro would decimate South/Central American _____.

tribes

Christians believed that Jesus Christ died for all mans sins and rose from the grave. Christians believe in the _______.

trinity

In Rome as both men and women were educated there was a demand for Greek

tutors

The ______ tables were the first code of Roman Law

twelve

After the death of Muhammad __________ was hard to maintain

unity

Warfare which broke out between Chines nobles at the end of the Zhou dynasty led to a period of _________ and ________.

upheaval and chaos

Aristocracy

upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to the next.

How did homo erectus walk?

upright

exploited

use (a situation or person) in an unfair or selfish way.

Jesus was born of the _________ and ____________.

virgin Mary and Joseph

Behold the ________ shall be with child and shall bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel which means ______.

virgin, god with us

The Zhou Dynasty Collapse led to the __________ period

warring states

Nomadic

way of life used by people who are not settled and rely on constantly migrating to find food.

During Justinian's reign, after the Nika riots inconceivable _________ flowed into the empire.

wealth

The New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (1567-1652 BC) brought huge __________ into Egypt

wealth

4th pillar of Islam

wealth sharing, helps ensure the economic welfare of the entire Muslim community. must share 2.5 %

The decline of the Roman Republic occurred because the government was dominated by

wealthy aristocrats

Iron Age Kingdoms were

well organized and efficient

Specialization of Labor

what happened when civilizations had a surplus of food. It allowed for different jobs from just hunting and gathering. Storage of surplus Goods. -> Encourage trade. -> Trading encourages more people to learn crafts. -> This led to a greater division specialization of Labor. -> Artisans became more skilled. -> More refine tools.

What was the Ides of March

when Ceasar was assassinated by the jealous senatorsOctavian

Hegemony

when one leader or group of people uses social and cultural qualities to control an area

Cause and Effect

when one thing happens it effects another

Most ancient writing systems were legophonetic meanig using a symbol to designate both ______ and ______.

whole words and particular sounds

Empress Theodora was ____ wife and _______ or co emperor

wife, co-regent

It is thought that during the Neolithic Revolution discovery of agriculture that ________ discovered agriculture.

women

Muslims stress the equality of

women

Paleolithic ____________ played a key role in ancient religion.

women

Who was not able to participate in the democracy of Athens?

women and slaves

In Buddhism to rid the world of ill you had to give up _________.

worldly things

Ancestry veneration is:

worship of ancestors and honoring them will protect the family

Cuneiform is

writing

What was the Epic of Gilgameshj?

writing about the heroic deeds of Gilgamesh, a Mesopotamian king over the City of Uruk

The Qin Dynasty unified ___________ Chinese

written

Hammarabis Code

written down laws to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy wicked and evil doers; so that the strong not harm the weak..., to further the well-being of mankind

Mesopotamia Sumer achievements

written language, cuneiform, wheel, sail, plow

One of the greivances of the Plebeians was the fact that Roman Law had no

written law code


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