Basis Flagstaff World History Packets and quizzes
Pre-history
"The time before writing was developed." To study humans during this time, historians rely on archeological and biological evidence (artifacts and fossils)
what is the english translation of the Muslim confession of faith
"There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God"
what is the Hijra and why is it important
"emigration" Muslims base ther system for assigning dates on this event, using the abbreviation (AH).
Muslim
"one who submits"
the name muslim means?
"one who submits"
what is the root meaning of the name islam
"surrender" or "submission" Islam can be summed up into submission to the one God or Allah
Moksha
(in Hinduism and Jainism) release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma. The transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the cycle of rebirth. state of perfect understanding of all things release from rebirth in Hinduism
what is the sunna of the prophets
(or "custom")of the Prophets is the second most important authority for Islam
Jesus was born _______ (year).
0 AD
Sacred
1. devoted or dedicated to a deity or to some religious purpose; consecrated. 2. entitled to veneration or religious respect by association with divinity or divine things; holy. ... pertaining to or connected with religion (opposed to secular or profane )
Day of judgement
1. mahdi will est order everywhere 2. Jesus will return to Jerusalem 3. allah judges everyone
Vedic
1.) of or relating to the Veda or Vedas. 2.) of or relating to the Aryans who settled in India c1500 b.c., or to their literature or religion.
Homo eructus appeared in Africa about ________ years ago.
1.5 million
What was the timeline of the Neolithic Revolution?
10,000 BC - 3,000 BC
two of Islam's prophets other than Muhammad
10. Abraham, whom Muslims regard as the father of the Arabs, just as he is father of the Isrealites. Moses, Judaism's greatest prophet, is also revered in Islam. He pronounced Allah's ethical laws, the Ten Commandments.
Some Persian Kings had over ____ children
100
The Eastern Roman Empire continued for almost ___________ years.
1000
arable
11% of Japan's land was ____.
Emperor Shi Huangdi unified China under a single leader, becoming the first Emperor of China at the age of
13
How many miles was the Great Wall of China
13,170
Less that _____ percent of the world's Muslims are Shite, or Shia; most Muslims are _____
15%, Sunni
The Han Emperor Wudi broght peace to the empire fo _____ years.
150
After Muhammad's death Muslims split into ______.
2 different groups
The Peloponnesian war was a _______ year war which engulfed all of __________.
27, Greece
Islam is the ____ largest religion
2nd
Australopithecus lived ____ years ago
3 million
Christians believe that there is only one God, but that this one god consisted of _______.
3 persons
Judaism is _______ years old
3000
Paleolithic life expectancy
35 years of age
The Great Wall of China was built over ___ different empires and emperors
4
Buddhism established 4 _____________ and 8 _________.
4 noble truths and 8 fold path
Buddhism is the ________ largest religion in the world
4th
Islam worshippers are called to prayer _________.
5 times a day
Facts about Daoism
550 BCE Founder Laoz Tse (Laozi) Founded in China Meditation Simple living End of striving
Spartans were in the Army until they were ____. They were unable to live with _____.
60, wives
Facts about Zoroastrinism
600 BCE Founder: Zoroaster Founded in Ancient Prussia Single high God Cosmic conflict between Good and Evil
THe first year of the Islamic Calendar is
622 AD
In the Spartan life ___ were taken from family.
7
Moses successfully led Jews back to the Promised Land to do this 3 things happened
7 plagues against Pharaoh, Final plague was killing the first born son of the Pharaoh, Jews spent 40 years wandering the desert
Semitic speaking people who used iron weapons to build an empire by
700
what % of mulims are non arabic
80% of muslims are non arabic
Hellenistic
= "to imitate Greeks"
Civilization
A civilization is generally defined as an advanced state of human society containing highly developed forms of government, culture, industry, and common social norms. The six of the most important and basic characteristics of a civilization are: Cities -> density of population, Governments -> State System, State religion, Social structure -> developed of a class system, Writing -> accumulated learning, • Representative art.
Civilization
A complex culture in which a large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements. A _____________________ is an advanced state of human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences. Six of the most important and basic characteristics of a _________________ are: Cities - density of population Government - state system State Religion Social structure - stratified social ranks Writing - accumulated learning Representative Art
Dynasty
A family of rulers.
Muslim
A follower of the religion of Islam.
Inflation
A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Deity
A god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion). The creator and supreme being (in a monotheistic religion such as Christianity).
Toleration
A government policy of permitting forms of religious belief and worship not officially established. Ex. in Persia under Cyrus the Great.
Theocracy
A government ruled by religious authority. Sumerians believed that the gods ruled the cities and that government was established by divine authority, which is an example of _________________________. Also Ancient Egypt had this type of government.
Fief
A grant of land given by a lord to a vassal in return for an oath of loyalty and armed warriors was called a
Polis
A greek city-state
Define: Empire
A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler
Empire
A large geographic area with different states and peoples under a single ruler (emperor). Ex. an ___________________ conquers and rules other states.
Patriarchy
A male-dominated society, characteristic of the Neolithic Age and early civilizations.
Islamic
A minaret is found on what type of mosques?
Age of Exploration
A period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, when European explorers traveled west to claim land in the Americas.
Define: Nomadic
A person who moves from place to place
Hajj
A pilgrimage to Mecca.
City-State
A political unit based on an independent urban center with its surrounding villages and countryside.
Cultural Assimilation
A process by which members of a group lose cultural characteristics that distinguish them from the dominant cultural group or take on the cultural characteristics of another group. Ex. Rome and Persia both _______________________ cultures. This means that both civilizations took in or adapted other cultures.
Define: Satrap/Satrapies
A provincial governor in Ancient Persian empire
Crusades
A series of military expedition made by European Christians to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
Alphabet
A series of symbols (letters) representing sounds. This is the most important cultural achievement of the Phoenicians, which became a model for later western cultures (Greek and Roman).
Silk Road
A series of trade routes that expanded from China to the Mediterranean Basin. Linked traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, and nomads. It contributed to the spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam
Class Divisions
A synonym of social hierarchy.
Bureaucracy
A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives is a what?
Feudalism
A system of mutual obligations where vassals exchange land and protection for service and loyalty.
Hierarchy
A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
Arabs trace their lineage to __________.
Abraham
Founder of Judaism
Abraham
Judaism was founded over 3000 years ago by ________. He is seen as the father of ____, _____, and _____.
Abraham, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were seen as ______ religions.
Abrahamic
one of three ___________ religions
Abrahamic
Who was the first Successor to Muhammad?
Abu Bakr
Abrahamic
According to tradition, Israelites were descendants of the patriarch. Example: Mohammed: Return to the old pure religion of Abraham
The upper part of the Greek city where the temples and public buildings were located.
Acropolis
Egalitarian
Adjective that describes the type of society Paleolithic humans lived in, in which man and women had equal responsibilities and there were no hierarchies among people.
Early human societies have been referred to as the Original ______ Society not because they had so much but because their material needs and wants were so _________.
Affluent, meager
At the end of the Punic Wars Carthage became a Roman Province of
Africa
Humans gradually migrated out of ________________ and spread around the world.
Africa
What continent did humans originate from?
Africa
Where did Australopithecus live 3-4 million years ago?
Africa
Greece
Africa and ____________ had city-states.
trade routes, islam
Africa's geography directly effected their ____ _____ which helped spread _________.
150-200,000 years ago Homo erectus migrates out of ______ into _______
Africa, Eurasia
similar
African stateless societies were culturally ___________.
kinship
African stateless societies were culturally similar and organized around _________ groups.
Vasco De Gama, India
After Bartholomeu Diaz explored who else did Portugal send to explore and where did he explore?
Ferdinand, Isabella, Spain, Inquisition, Heretics
After ____ (King) and __________ (Queen) united ____________ country they wanted to cement their authority so they started the ___________ (event) that tried to find people who didn't agree with the Church's teaching, these people were also called ___________.
Open air market place, usually below the Acropolis. Allowed for people to be outdoors and take an active part in commerce and politics.
Agora
population
Agricultural advancements led to increased food which led to larger and healthier ____ during the middle ages.
Persian kings became complacent and weaker until the Empire fell to the Greeks led by ___________ the Great.
Alexander
After the death of his father _____ had many conquests.
Alexander the Great
During Classical Greece who rose?
Alexander the Great
Philip II was the King of Macedonia when Sparta and Athens were united. He was the the father of ______.
Alexander the Great
The Peloponnesian war weakened both Athens and Sparta. This paved the way for ___________ to conquer all of Greece.
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great founded the city ________ in Egypt and lay the foundations of the spread of ________.
Alexandria, Hellenism
in 10,000 BCE where were homo sapiens found?
All over the world
Islam Diety
Allah
What were the consequences of a surplus of food?
Allowed to feed more people, populations increased into cities. This allowed others to work at jobs other than farming
Most of the elephants Hannibal used died as they crossed the
Alps
The natural barriers of Roman geography included (2)
Alps in the north, seas on both sides
Neolithic
Also called New Stone Age, this is the period of human culture that began around 10,000 years ago in the Middle East and later in other parts of the world. It is characterized by the beginning of farming (deliberate cultivation of plants), the domestication of animals (tame and breed wild animals), and significant technological developments. During this period, people started to settle into villages.
Paleolithic
Also called Old Stone Age, this is the early period of human history when humans first developed stone tools. During this period, humans were hunters and gatherers. During this period, humans created cave art and developed rituals and stories to help them deal with human existence. Peoples caused animal extinctions and purposely altered the natural environment, such as deliberately set fires to encourage the growth of particular plants. NO writing systems.
Chinampas
Also known as "floating gardens". This is a type of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. The Aztec used this agricultural technique
wheel, ironworking, gun powder
Americas had a lack of major technologies including:
Divine
An adjective for something of, from, or like God or a god. In Egypt or the Aztec Empire, the emperor was a _______________ figure.
Vedic
An adjective of or relating to the Veda or Vedas, the most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests. Originally brought to India by the Aryans around 1500 BCE and preserved by oral tradition.
The sayings of Confucius are call The
Analects
Name ancient civilizations that had a theocracy
Ancient Egypt
What civilizations made up the classical era?
Ancient India, Ancient China, Classical Greece, Classical Rome
India (Indus River Valley)religion
Animistic, polythistic
Which mountain range went through the Italian Peninsula
Apenninemt
Islam was founded in _______ by __________ in AD 622
Arabia, Muhammad
Islam grew out of the ___________ Peninsula.
Arabian
why does Arabia enjoy a special status in Islam
Arabic involvement in Islam goes back to the earliest history of Islam, Arabic is the location of Muslim sacred sites, and Arabic is the language of Islam.
What are the major contributions of Rome?
Arches and Senate
Bering Strait
Area of water between Russia and Alaska
Cuneiform
Around 3000 BCE, the Sumerians created this "wedge-shaped" system of writing, one of the greatest cultural advancements in history.
Ink
Artists would create a design on a block of wood and spread what on the wood.
The Vedas of Hinduism
Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.
Hinduism was founded by
Aryans
Hinduism was introduced by the
Aryans
Hitler believed that _____________ were the Highest or Greatest Race.
Aryans
Mauryan Dynasty (324-183 BC) came about after ______ and time of foreign invasions into India.
Aryans
Prior to WWII, Aldolf Hitler, the Nazi dictator claimed that true Germans were decedents of _________.
Aryans
In 1500 BCE Indo European nomads began to move out of Central Asia, known as the _____________ through the Hindu Kush using the Khyber pass and settled along the ____________ river.
Aryans, Ganges
city-states
As a result of migration to different areas of Africa the Bantu created ________ along the East Coast and Southern Africa.
stateless
As a result of migration to different areas of Africa the Bantu created ________ societies in Central Africa, the NIger River Valley, and the City of Jenne-Jeno.
Define: Specialization of labor
As society got larger, workers were able to focus on one skill, allowing them to get better
outward
As the Plague was finally abated Europeans began to look ___________.
trade
As_____ increased in Europe during the High Middle Ages people wanted to live in closer proximity, this lead to the growth of cities and towns.
The Mauryan Empire unified India and grew it into a strong, powerful and prosperous empire, especially under _________.
Ashoka
Greeks set up cities in ______ (modern day Turkey_
Asia Minor
Homo Erectus migrated out of Africa to ______ and ______.
Asia and Europe
Before the Babylonians, the __________ were dominant in Mesopotamia
Assyrians
Iron was a new technology that allowed the ________ to conquer territory very quickly.
Assyrians
What is the order of empires? (Babylonians, Persians, Assyrians)
Assyrians Pabylonians, Persians
Greek City States, fearing another invasion bound together around ___________.
Athans
During the Peloponnesian War internal struggles undermined the government of _____.
Athens
Greece's _____ was originally oppressed by merchants.
Athens
What were the 2 major greek city states?
Athens and Greece
Two major Greek city-states were
Athens and Sparta
Octavian would become
Augustus Ceasar
__________ was one of the earliest ancestors of humans.
Australopithecus
The recorded teachings of Zoroaster was the
Avesta
gods
Aztec human sacrifice was demanded by the
sun rise
Aztecs believed that human sacrifice would help the
Cyrus the great was the King who defeated ___________ and ended the ___________ captivity.
Babylon, Jews
At the same tame as the Assyrian Empire, the __________ Empire prospered.
Babylonian
The first Jewish Diaspora was called the
Babylonian captivity
When the Babylonians kicked the Jews out of their Promised Land under the rule of King Nebuchadnezzar this was called
Babylonian captivity
Diasporas in 597 BC by the
Babylonians
The Assyrian empire fell to ________.
Babylonians
The ________ came after the Assyrians. Babylonians successfully created the first law code called ______.
Babylonians, Hammurabi's Code
Africa
Bantu is a language group,, settlers and farmers migrated across ____________ and influenced hundreds of languages.
the people
Bantu means
Explain major beliefs of Legalism
Based on teaching of Hanfeizi "The nature of man is evil" Only way to achieve order was to pass strict laws and harsh punishment
Empress Wu
Because her son was sickly, who controlled and ruled China for years?
why is Muhammad referred to as the Seal of the Prophets
Because of Muhammad's unique significance for Islam rests in the belief that he is the final prophet, revealing the will of Allah fully and precisely and for all time is why he is known as the Seal of the Prophets.
long distance trade
Because the Aztecs lived on floating islands in the middle of Lake Texoco they depended on ________ to meet their most basic needs.
journeyman time, Master time, create a master piece
Before becoming a Master in a guild what did a person have to complete?
ox pulled plows, less ground plowed, farmers planted half their land
Before the high middle ages how was farming conducted?
very cold
Before the high middle ages the environment was _______ _____ and large areas could not be planted
Define: Monotheism
Belief in one God
Mandate of Heaven
Belief that the gods transfer their power to a specific family in China that is meant to establish a dynasty and rule the region. Used to justify the dynastic cycle in China.
Explain why Zoroastrianism was significant
Beliefs unified Persia Good vs. Evil Christianity and Islam started later, but also built on idea of Heaven, Hell and Final Judgement
Define: Polytheism
Believing in many Gods
Define: Egalitarian
Believing in the idea that all people are equal
The Athens leadership was initially __________.
Benevolent
well meaning and kindly
Benevolent
Christians believe that the _______ is the inspired word of God.
Bible
The __________ is the Christian holy book. It is divided into the _____ and ______ Testaments.
Bible, Old and New
Images and Drawings
Block printing was not just text but included?
The Nika Conquer Riots between two groups ________ and _______ at Hippodrome Chariot Race
Blue and Greens
Lower class/poor and women
Both Christianity and Buddhism had early high conversion rates from these two social groups.
reincarnation
Both Hinduism and Buddhism believed in _________
Compare the Han Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty
Both achieved things Qin Dynasty was harsh Han dynasty was less harsh
Why did Egyptians have a positive view of the afterlife and Mesopotamians had a negative view?
Both believed in life after death, but Mesopotamians believed life after death was in a grim horrible underworld.
Hinduism had 3-main gods
Brahma (Creator), Vishnu (Preserver), Siva (Destroyer)
In Hinduism the single force in the universe is:
Brahman
What are the 7 things HIndus believe?
Brahman, Atman, Devas, Reincarnation, Karma, Moksha, Dharma
Senate
Branch of Rome's government composed of 300 patricians who served for life.
The use of Bronze was very important in the advancement of civilizations. Many ancient civilizations utilized _____.
Bronze
Buddhism name of deity
Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama is called
Buddha or Enlightened one
In which religion is there no creator or god?
Buddhism
__________ like Christianity, spread along trade routes, had early conversion rates, and appealed to women and lower classes.
Buddhism
Explain the roles of women in Buddhism
Buddhism consider men and women equal
Leadership of Buddhism
Buddhist Monks and Nuns
Ashoka grew the Mauryan Dynasty and spread ____________ teachings around the empire via ___________.
Buddhist, edicts
asoka's edicts
Buddist
Darius I of the Persian Empire divided his empire into provinces called Satrapies to make it manageable. This was called an Imperial _______.
Bureaucracy
Way of the Warrior
Bushida means
The Eastern Empire with it;s capital at Constantinople would call themselves the
Byzantine Empire
The Hagia Sophia was a testament to the incredible wealth of the
Byzantine Empire
Jews settle in Modern day Israel, called
Cahaan
At the end of the Punic Wars Rome decided invade
Carthage
As the Romans expanded they came into conflict with other empires like the
Carthaginians
The _____ based in North Africa were a hindrance to Roman expansion
Carthaginians
_______ traces Christian leadership back to St. Peater, Pope is head of church, based in Rome, Italy.
Catholicism
Two major branches of Christianity are ________ and ______.
Catholicism and Protestantism
Identify causes and effects of the Neolithic Revolution
Cause: They learned to farm. Effects: Early villages established Men became dominate New technology invented Domesticated animals
Rome became an empire under general _____ who became a dictator after defeating rivals
Ceasar
What were the advantages of Constantanople (3)
Center of world trade routes, Connection between Asia and Europe, Easily deffended
What was China's unique government China along the Huang River?
Centeralized government around emperor and dynasties (1-family rules)
The aryans were an ancient people from _________.
Central Asia
China developed a government structure similar to Egupt with a ____ government around divine king and his dynasties.
Centralized
The Gupta Empire was founded by________ in Northern India.
Chandragupta
Define: Conversion/Convert
Change to a new religion
Define: Foreign
Characteristics of a country or language other than ones own
Confucianism and the Analects are taught to school children in
China
Confucianism is very important in modern day _____, it is being taught in all schools.
China
The Han Dynasty was a time of incredible technical advancements in _____.
China
Which river valley has community with importance placed on family, had sharp social divisions, and the mandate of Heavan?
China
Which river valley included the Huang He which flooded unpredictably, had natural barriers (mountains and deserts), and was geographically isolated?
China
Which river valley included the science and technology of writing, silk, coined money, and cast iron?
China
Confucianism focused on restoring order to ________. He advocated the proper way of living ________.
China, Dao
After the Qin Dynasty the next dynasty to arise was one of the greatest and longest lasting in __________ history
Chinese
During the Han Dynasty students had to learn:
Chinese, history, law, and confucian philosophy
C & D
Choose all that are correct. Which of the following was/were results of the Crusades: A) Decreased power of kings; B) Increased power of Popes; C) Weakening of Feudalism; D) Exposure to foreign ideas
Constantine adopts _____ as official religion after having vision from God.
Christianity
Eventually the Roman Empire adopted ______ as the official religion.
Christianity
What religion was adoptedby Roman Empire
Christianity
What was spread across europe and Byzantine empire
Christianity
_______ continues to be the dominant religion in Europe today.
Christianity
Compare Judaism to Christianity
Christianity believes Jesus is the son of God and Messiah, Judaism does not
Hagia Sophia
Church of Holy Wisdom
Explain the changes that came from the agricultural revolution
Cities were formed. People worked on jobs other than farming
CRAWGS
Cities, Religion, Art, Writing, Government, Social structure.
In classical greece there was fighting between Greek ________
City State
Confucian teaching
Civil Service Exam was based on what?
Ceasar's assassination pushed Rome into another period of _____. This would lead to the end of the _____.
Civil War, Republic
The start of democracy was created in Athens by the
Cleisthenes
Define: Vedic
Collection of prayers, hymns and teachings used in Ancient India about 1500 BC
Old World and New World
Columbus and others began an exchange between two worlds:
INdia
Columbus was convinced he had found
One effect of the fall of Constantinople was that _____ sailed to _______ and discovered America
Columbus, China
The Ten _______ is the basic code of law for the __________.
Commandments, Jewish
After Darius, Persian kings became ___________.
Complacent
Define: Civilization
Complex, highly organized social order
Rome was successful because they established a Roman ______
Confederation
Like Islam, __________ followers wrote down his sayings, called the analects
Confucius
Like Jesus' Disciples, __________ had a loyal group of followers
Confucius
Who said the duty of children to their parents is the foundation from which all virtues spring
Confucius
_______ traveled China to persuade leaders to follow ideas
Confucius
Confucianism Diety
Confucius (viewed by many as god)
Define: Sacred
Connected with God or religion
Maritime
Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity. The Greeks were experts in __________________ trade.
After having a vision Constantine converts to Christianity and establishes the capital in Byzantium, changes name to
Constantanople
Nika Conquer Riots broke out in
Constantinople
Rome divided into two parts. Western Rome was destroyed in 476 ____________ continued
Constantinople
The eastern capital of the Roman Empire was
Constantinople
The major reason for the Great Schism was that Rome wanted to use icons to aid church services and _____ wanted them removed
Constantinople
Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his _______.
Crucifixion
What are the major contributions of the Persian Empire?
Cultural Diffusion, standardized money throughout the Mediterranean
What were the major contributions of Greece?
Culture
What was the science and technology of Mesopotamia?
Cuneiform, irrigation, Bronze, Wheel, Sail, Plow
The Qin Dynasty created a single _______.
Currency
The Persian Empire was ruled by
Cyrus the Great
Confucius advocated a proper way of living called
Dao
Daoism ideas are discussed in the way of the
Dao
When the Greeks defeated Persia who was the Persian leader?
Darius
Who ruled the Persian Empire after Cyrus the Great?
Darius I
Diaz, Portugal
De Gama followed _______ into the Indian Ocean. He successfully established trade routes that brought incredible wealth to ___________.
Athens created the ___________ after the Persian threats, culture flourished.
Delian League
The __________ moved the Athens Direct Democracy.
Delium League
Politically fragmented into small kingdoms but predominantly united by the Catholic Church.
Describe Western Europe after 600 A.D.
Manorialism developed to meet the people's economic needs
Describe the type of government in Europe during the Middle Ages.
Hinduism has a number of key beliefs, __________ is a set of Spiritual duties and obligations
Dharma
Songhai, Slaves
Dias began his explorations along the coast of Africa. He made contact with the _____________ Empire, European interest in Africa would shift from salt and gold to ___________.
Jews have been kicked out of their holy land a number of times, these are called _______.
Diasporas
Yes
Did Han win the Sino Xiongnu Wars?
No.
Did Norte Chico have a written language?
No.
Did Norte Chico have ceramics?
Yes
Did the Olmec Civilization come before Aztecs and Maya?
Define: Corruption
Dishonest conduct by those in power
Corruption
Dishonest conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.
Define: Class Divisions
Divisions of different classes in society
Who discovered "Lucy" om 1974?
Donald Johanson
trade
Due to increased population, merchants and artisans began to ____ throughout Europe and the world during the High Middle Ages.
Aristocracy
During Tang/Song Golden age, newly educated class of scholar-Gentry began to replace old_____?
Buddhism
During Tang/Song Golden age, the introduction of __________ with a revival of Confucianism and Daoism
rising sun
During WWII the Japanese flag showed a
golds and precious metals
During a sacrifice in the Mayan culture captives were thrown into pits with ____ and ____ as offerings to gods.
Mathematics and Astronomy
During the Abbasid dynasty, what were Muslims interested in studying?
West Europe
During the High Middle Ages Universities developed in ____ ____ in Paris, Bologna, Italy, and Oxford.
new jobs in government or the church
During the High Middle Ages in Europe University learning was focused on (2)
Jews
During the High Middle Ages who lived separately in segregated parts of the cities called Ghettos
horses
During the High Middle Ages who pulled plows?
Mongals
During the High Middle Ages who revitalized the Silk Road Trade
Jews
During the High Middle Ages who were the money lenders
population increase demanded more goods
During the High Middle Ages why was their a growth in merchants and artisans?
fairs and trade routes
During the High Middle ages there was a population growth which resulted in increased demand for goods from merchants and artisans. To sell their goods what two things were created?
muslim world and Asia
During the High Middle ages there was a population growth which resulted in increased demand for goods from merchants and artisans. Trade routes were created that linked Europe to which two geographical regions
Burghers
During the High middle ages what term was used to label craftsmen and artisans
Surplus
During the Neolithic Age, agricultural communities started to have a __________________ of food, meaning more food that they needed to feed the population. This allowed them to have specialization of labor and social stratifiction/hierchies.
Agriculture
During the Neolithic revolution, this is the practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products. _____________________________ developed independently in several major areas in the world.
Confucianism
During the Song Dynasty there was a resurgence of what?
Flourished
During the Song Dynasty trade _________?
Influence
During the Song Dynasty trade flourished along Ocean Trade, Chinese _____________ expanded as well.
Food Surplus
During the Sui Dynasty, population increased due to rice technology and were able to ship faster leading to what?
Confucianism
During the Sui-Song era Buddhism and Daoism became popular, but _____________ ideals cemented the political system together.
Farming
During the Sui-Song it was still primarily a ____________ society with wealthy aristocratic families owning the majority of the land and peasants effectively becoming serfs or slaves.
Grand Canal
During the Tang/Song Golden Age the ______________ was completed? It connected N. China to S. China
Tribute System
During the Tang/Song Golden age the _________________ was revived.
Portugal, Spain, France, England, Netherlands
During the high middle ages and later trade routes were prevalent in: (5)
inventions and technology
During the high middle ages interaction with different cultures resulted in new ____ and ____ spreading to Europe.
3,000BC
During which time period did the Bantu begin to move east and south?
Caste
Each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status. It determine not only a person's occupation, but also his or her position in society. Based partly on skin color, but mostly on birth.
C) Buddhism
Early Islam borrowed directly from all of the following religions except: A) Judaism; B) Zoroastrianism; C) Buddhism; D) Christianity
Ocean trade
Eastern Africa connected to India via ________.
Constantine I chooses the Greek colony of Byzantine as Capital of
Eastern Rome
In Paleolithic communities men and women were critical to collecting food, they considered themselves equal to each other, they were generally an _____ society.
Egalitarian
Describe the society the Paleolithic people had
Egalitarian (believe all people are equal) Nomads Used stone weapons
Due to trade and other links, the plow was adapted in Ancient _________.
Egypt
Which river valley developed the science and technology of hieroglyphics, pyramids, mathematics, geography, and medicine?
Egypt
Which river valley had the power/authority of pharaohs who ruled kingdom as gods and built pyramids?
Egypt
Which river valley included the Nile flooding which was predictable, natural barriers (deserts), and an easy transportation link?
Egypt
Severed draught caused jews to move from Cahaan to ____.
Egypt.
Kingdom of Ghana
Emerged c. 500AD, located in the upper Niger River Valley, between the Sahara and tropical rain forests along the west African Coast.
In Canstantinople the _______ was the head of Church
Emperor
b
Emperor Ashoka and Constantine have which of the following in common? (a) they both created incredible inequality with the harsh laws they created (b) their religious conversions lead to major changes in their respective empires, (c)they were both buddhists who both outlawed criminal punishment (d) they both supported womens rights (which letter)
330 CE
Emperor Constantine moves the capital from Rome to Byzantium, soon named Constantinople.
285 CE
Emperor Diocletian divides the administration of the Roman Empire into western and eastern halves.
World
Empires in the Americas developed differently and independently from the rest of the ____
Secondary
Empress Wu started as a _____________ wife.
Nirvana
Enlightenment in Buddhism, the union with the ultimate spiritual reality/Great World Soul, which allows people to escape from the cycle of rebirth. This is similar to moksha in Hinduism, without the caste system!
The establishment of the roman republic occurred when the Romans overthrew the last
Estrucans
Hannibal led forces across ______ during the 2nd Punic war
Europe
spices, silks, precious metals
Europeans began to look outward when the Crusades created a demand for Asian goods like: (3)
navigation
Europeans began to look outward when they had new __________ technologies
Feudalism and serfdom
Even though wealthy aristocrats continue to buy peasants' lands who were unable to afford working it, in exchange for their eternal labor, led to what??
The skeleton of lucy, an Australopithecus, one of the earliest ancestors of humans supports the theory of _____.
Evolution
Define: Social inequality
Existence of unequal opportunities and rewards in society
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
Faith, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage, Prayer
Judaism was founded by Abraham. He was seen as
Father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Political system in which upper class is rewarded lands in exchange for military service to monarch
Feudal
The China Shang King constantly had to keep warlords of the aristocracy from________.
Fighting each other.
Explain why the code of Hammurabi was significant
First attempt by a ruler to codify all laws
What are three important components of the Hummurabis Code?
First to codify or arrange laws for everyone to know and follow, eye for an eye justice, heavily influenced by hierarchy by favoring the upper class and wealthy
Many Muslims practice acts of worship called the ____________.
Five Pillars of Islam
Women and poor
Followers of Buddhism had early converts of two groups.......
Lily-foot
Foot binding was called
Unable, high
Foot binding was proof that woman is ________ to do any work, they were _______class.
Messiah
For Jews and Christians, the promised "anointed one" or Christ; the Savior. Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah who delivered mankind from its sins.
Why was the Rural Road important?
For trade and messages
how do Muslims interpret the Fall from perfection in the Garden of Eden
Forgetfulness is a key element in the Muslim
Explain the major beliefs and practices of Confucianism
Foundation to establish social values Filial piety; respect Understanding of right and wrong Social harmony 5 virtues (kindness, righteousness, sobriety, wisdom, trustworthiness)
Facts about Christianity
Founded 35 CE Founder: Jesus Founded in Judea/Palestine/Israel Most important missionary is Paul of Tarsus Included everyone (rich, poor, women, all races) Salvation through faith in Jesus 12 apostles spread the religion
Facts about Buddhism
Founded 545 BCE Founded by Siddartha Guyahama/Buddha Founded in India/Indus Valley The Four Noble Truths Nirvana through meditation Rejects caste system and formal rituals Holy writings: Triptaka Spread through trade routes
Facts about Judaism
Founded about 1600 BCE Founder: Abraham, father of the Hebrews Holy book is Torah Covenant between God and the Jewish people
Facts about Confucianism
Founded around 500 BCE Founder: Master Kung Founded in China Foundation to establish social values Filial Piety; respect Mongol Wisdom (right and wrong) Social Harmony 5 Virtues (kindness, righteousness, sobriety, wisdom, trustworthiness)
Explain major beliefs and practices of Buddhism
Four Noble Truths Nirvana through meditation Rejects caste system and formal rituals Holy writings: Triptaka
Caste
Four classes of people (priests, warriors, peasants/traders, laborers/craftsmen) started in India with untouchables even below all the castes.
weapons, guns, iron, horses
Francisco Pissarro arrived and exploited the differences of the Inca. These differences included superior ____________ and advantages: (3)
The normal Islam day of worship is
Friday
Muhammad got a vision from angel ___________
Gabriel
When Muhammad was meditating the Angel ______ appeared to him and gave him _______.
Gabriel, revelation
476 CE
Germanic peoples conquer Rome; Western Roman Empire falls.
Rome and Western Roman Empire was destroyed by
Germanic tribes
In 476 CE the ______ leader Odoacer overthrew the last Western Emperor Romulus _______.
Germanic, Agustus
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
Getting approved by God to rule
salt
Ghana was incredibly wealthy due to the vast amounts of gold. THey traded their wealth for ______.
Christians refused to recognize Cesar as a _____.
God
Name of Christianity Deity
God
What does Allah mean in English?
God
Who told Cyrus the Great to release the Jews?
God
islam holds the boyd ultimately belongs to ?
God
Name of Judaism Deity
God (Yahweh)
The Trinity includes
God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost
The one god of Christianity consisted of 3 persons
God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost
After Darius, Persian kings became complacent. They were surrounded by __________ and _________ and ___________ from their empire.
Gold, Treasures, Tribute
After Jesus' death his disciples and apostles (or leaders) spread the __________.
Good News
Regime
Government in power
Define: Theocracy
Government run by religious leaders
Define: Aristocracy
Government where power is held by nobility
Trade brought huge wealth into Rome and the _______ culture spread.
Greco-Roman
Explain the consequences of the failed Persian invasions of Greece
Greece had control of Aegean Sea and Persia was scared to mess with Greece
After suppressing internal revolts in ___, Alexander set out to defeat the __________.
Greece, Persian empire
Athens dominated _______ after the ______ invasions. While beginning as a force for good, Athens soon began to tyrannize other city states. ________ would stand against Athens.
Greece, Persian, SpartaPericles
Under Alexander the Great the Romans adopted many ____ ideas
Greek
What society was polytheistic?
Greek
Classical Greece saw the rise and fall of the ___________
Greek Empires
Lucrative Rome trade routes resulted in a blending of which two cultures?
Greek and Roman
The Hellenistic culture was a combination of what cultures?
Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian
Darius I of the Persian Empire brought the Empire into conflict with the ______.
Greeks
Sculpture, architecture, and literature of the Latins of Italy were influenced by the
Greeks
The __________ developed in a rocky isolated area.
Greeks
The Latins (who become the Romans)were greatly influence by the
Greeks and Etruscans
learning
Growing trade and growing cities increased the desire for ___ during the High Middle Ages
The ___________ Empire came after the Mauryan Empire and time of disunity.
Gupta
The ___________ Empire united Northern India and became incredibly wealthy from trade and good governance.
Gupta
What Empire came after the Mauryan Empire?
Gupta Empire
What Empire is described by "The king and his companions drank wine out of ruby cups."
Gupta Empire - describing extreme wealth
What is the leadership of Hinduism?
Guru, holy man, Brahama, Priest
When jews rebelled against Roman rule the Emperor ______ expelled the Jews from the holy land. The Jews settled around the world.
Hadria
Under Justinian's Reign most significant building was the
Hagia Sophia
Like ____________ Legalism emphasized complete obedience to authority, with strict punishments to maintain order.
Hammurabis Code
206 BC _______ Dynasty established
Han
Writing on paper began during the _____ Dynasty about 100CE. Paper was made with hemp/linen and Bamboo.
Han
During which dynasty was gunpower used for ceremony and fireworks?
Han Dynasty
While the empire expanded, peasants struggled under the
Han Dynasty
Who developed the magnetic compass?
Han Dynasty
Who developed the rudder allowing for the steering of ships?
Han Dynasty
The _______ Emperor _____
Han, Wudiforced the Xiongnu back through war and diplomacy.
The _____ adopted ____________ as their ruling philosophy, mixed with elements of legalism.
Han, confucianism
The Carthaginian during the 2nd Punic War was
Hannibal
When Rome invaded Carthage ____ was recalled to Carthage and was defeated by the Roman General ____
Hannibal, Scipio
Who is Cyrus I and why was he important?
He was tolerant and expanded Persian empire
Judaism Holy Book
Hebrew Bible, including the Torah
Foes defeated by Sparta became
Helots
Guilds
High Middle Ages of similar merchant grouped together to establish standards, high quality, and to set prices. These groups were called ____.
What geographic feature blocked the northern expansion of the Mauryan Empire?
Himalayas and Hindu Kush
Geography of India (Indus River Valley) included:
Hindu Kush, Khyber Pass, and Himalayas
Reincarnation was a belief of what religion in Ancient India?
Hinduism
The religion of _____ developed and evolved over a long time in India, giving rise to a variety of beliefs and practices and to other religions, including Buddhism.
Hinduism
What is the oldest codified religion?
Hinduism
What religions spread on the Silk Roak
Hinduism and Buddhism
monotheistic
Hinduism and Buddhism are not ____________ types of religion.
Buddhism was established as an alternative religion to __________ and emphasized giving up worldly goods in pursuit of ______________.
Hinduism, Nirvana
Hatshepsut was called
His Majesty
Migrating across the Bering Strait
Historians believe that the first Americans arrived in North and South America by:
Crusade
Holy Wars/military campaigns by European Christians.
Explain the major beliefs of Judaism
Holy book is Torah Covenant between God and Jewish people All knowing and powerful God
____________ was the first to walk upright, control fire, use stone tools, and migrate out of Africa.
Homo Erectus
Neanderthals lived during _______________.
Homo Sapiens
Neanderthals lived partly during the time of _______
Homo Sapiens
Heavily armed infantry or foot soldiers
Hoplites
The Greek military was based on
Hoplites
A) It shaped African languages, spread iron working and promoted settlement.
How did Bantu migration influence the development of Africa? A) It shaped African languages, spread iron working and promoted settlement; B) It spread the spice trade from West Africa t East Africa; C) It provided the Bantu great political power in Sub-Saharan regions of Africa; D) It resulted in the establishment of the Songhai kingdom
child would apprentice for 5-9 years, became journeyman and had to perfect craft, then become a master
How did one become a master which allowed them to join a guild? (3 steps)
More trade and faster attacking
How did the Grand Canal change China?
D) Local traditions began to assert themselves and many of Muslim women's rights were replaced by older traditions which denied women equal rights.
How did women's rights in Islam change as the empire expanded into already established societies and civilizations? A) All convert women were required to wear a veil in order to mask the fact that they were not born Muslim; B) Women took a more aggressive role in economics and politics as they were seen as major producers of their societies; C) Women were responsible for making paper that would be used by the great Muslim scholars of this time; D) Local traditions began to assert themselves and many of Muslim women's rights were replaced by older traditions which denied women equal rights.
40-60 days
How long did it take to cross the Sahara Desert?
2 Centuries
How long did the Sino Xiongnu Wars last?
3 miles
How many miles a day could a camel travel?
Camels
How was trade possible in Africa?
The river valley in China was the
Huang He
What was the river of the China River Valley?
Huang He
Nomadic
Human communities that move from place to place frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement. Especially, this characterized human communities during the Paleolithic Age. Since they moved around, they couldn't accumulate goods. Also, Paleolithic societies were small.
Africa (Great Rift Valley)
Human life first began on this continent
Out of Africa Theory
Humans evolved into their current form, and then migrated from Africa.
King Hummurabi of Babylon created a law code known as
Hummurabis Code.
Why did the Gupta Empire end?
Hun invasion
languages
Hundreds of African _________ can be traced back to the Bantu.
As humans moved out of Africa they established small communities. These early people were _____ and ______.
Hunters and Gatherers
Define: Hunter-forager
Hunts for their food
Alexander the Great may have bred resentment in his men, because they refused to advance any further into _____ and he was forced to head back.
INdia
sacrificed
If a Mayan noble or leader was captured during war they were _____.
16
If farming during the middle ages shifted from 1 farm field and one Fallow field (50/50%) to 2 farm fields and one fallow field (33.3/33.3/33.3%) what was the increase in the amount of farmable land? (round up)
Islam religious leaders are called
Imams
Muslims worship in Mosques usually on Fridays. Their religious leaders are called _____.
Imams
_________ were elite Persian soldiers.
Immortals
Enlightenment
In Buddhism, an understanding of the meaning of life
Define: Nirvana
In Buddhist belief, union with the universe and release from reincarnation
Dynastic Cycle
In China, this is when: 1. a new family establishes a dynasty (new institutions, economy) 2. Period of prosperity and Golden Age 3. Dynasty grows weak 4. Internal rebellions and/or external rebellions 5. Dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven 6. New dynasty emerges
Filial Piety
In Confucian philosophy and Chinese culture, this is a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.
first son
In Europe all money went to the _______________.
mines
In Ghana large __________ produced Billions of dollars in wealth.
Rationalism
In Greek culture, this was the attempt of philosophers to understand the world using logic and observation.
Define: Enlightenment
In Hindu and Buddhism, sometimes called "awakening"
Define: Dharma
In Hindu belief, a persons religious and moral duties
Define: Karma
In Hindu belief, all the actions that affect a persons faith/level in the next life
Define: Reincarnation
In Hindu belief, the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form
Define: Moksha
In Hindu belief, the ultimate goal of existence, to achieve union with Brahman
Reincarnation
In Hinduism and Buddhism, this refers to the belief that the soul or spirit, after biological death, begins a new life in a new body.
Dharma
In Hinduism, this is the divine law that requires all people to do their duty, depending on your status in society.
Karma
In Hinduism, this is the force generated by a person's actions that will determine how the person will be reborn in the next life.
Define: Caste
In Indian society, unchangeable social group to which you are born
Bushido, Chivalry
In Japan Samurai followed the code of _____ in Europe Knights followed _____.
Feudal Society
In Japan a ____ ____ was dominant, divided into four tiered groups.
god
In Japan each clan had their own ___.
Yamato
In Japan the most powerful clan was
Shogun, Daimyo, Kings and Nobles
In Japan the ruling/upper class included (2). In Europe the ruling/upper class included (2)
Samurai, Knights
In Japan the warrior class was ____ in Europe it was _____
clans
In Japan various _____ controlled their own territories.
territories
In Japan various clans controlled their own _______.
Terrace Farming
In agriculture, this is a technique in which a piece of sloped plane is cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming. Common in the Inca Empire.
Centralized/ Decentralized
In centralized government power comes from a leader at the top. With decentralized government power is distributed over multiple areas of control.
B) Road Networks
In order to link their empire together the Inca created incredible__________________ A) Fast moving navies; B) Road Networks; C) Alliance Networks; D) Railroad links
Warrior
In the Aztec society boys were to they would become ____.
house
In the Aztec society girls were told they must say in the ____.
not equal
In the Aztec society men and women were
own and inherit property, become priestesses, work as textile makers
In the Aztec society women could (3)
artisans and craftsman
In the High Middle Ages as people needed goods who would create them>
money, profit
In the High Middle Ages the church inhibited christians from loaning _____ and making a ______.
Before the battle of the Milvian Bridge Constantine saw a cross in the sky and saying
In this sun you will conquer
1488
In what year did Bartholomeu Diaz begin long distance exploration?
Explain the major beliefs of Christianity
Included everyone Salvation through faith in Jesus/God 12 apostles spread the religion
gold
Incredible amounts of _______ were found in Ghana.
What was the power an authority of Mesopotamia?
Independent city-states governed by monarchs, City-states united into first empires
Hinduism was founded in _____, is the oldest _____ religion and their sacred text are _____, written in Sanskrit
India, codified, vedas
After defeating the Persians, Alexander pushed on to _____, his men grew tired and threatened to _____.
India, rebel
Explain the consequences of Specialization of Labor
Individuals specialized in certain jobs. New technology was introduced. People learned to make weapons and metal tools. People became dependent on others
The river valley in India was the
Indus
What was the river of the Indus Valley?
Indus
Identify regions where agriculture emerged
Indus River Valley
Which river valley had a strong centralized government and planned cities?
Indus Valley
Which river valley included flooding which was unpredictable, had natural barriers (mountains, deserts), and had monsoon winds?
Indus Valley
Which river valley used the science and technology of writing, cities built on a precise grid, plumbing, sewing and systems
Indus Valley
Alexander the Great expanded his empire to the ________ river in _____.
Indus, India
A) They share many of the same beliefs, including the views of the afterlife and a monotheistic approach to religion
Islam is similar to Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism in that: A) They share many of the same beliefs, including the views of the afterlife and a monotheistic approach to religion; B) They all accept the same polytheistic deity; C) They all have the same views of women; D) They all have many converts to the religion and all 4 religions are continuing to grow even in modern times.
what was the extent of Islamic expansion one century after Muhammad's death
Islam was the religion of the entire Middle East, Persia, North Africa, and almost all of Spain.
Quran
Islamic Holy Book
Constantinople would be renamed by the Turks as ____ which remains to this day.
Istanbull
why have some African Americans argued that Islam is better suited for their community than is Christianity
It is estimated that nearly 20% of Africans brought to North America as slaves were Muslim. This heritage is one reason why some African Americans have argued that Islam is better suited for their community than Christianity, which they regard as the religion of their white oppressors.
mystery
It is still a ________ why the Maya declined
Social Stratification
It refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. It is a synonym of social hierchy.
Why did the Gupta Empire fail?
It was invaded by the Huns the white Huns. the Gupta were able to hold off the Huns for the first half of the 5th century, but they did so out of tremendous cost, which Weakned the State. Bcentury, there were hun kingdoms in western and northern India.
Emperor Justinian Reclaimed what lands?
Italy, Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, and Middle East
Archipebgo
Japan is an island chain in the Pacific Ocean called the ____.
instability
Japan rose out of a period of _____
Shintoism
Japan's religion was called
Chinese
Japanese culture was heavily influenced by the
stratified
Japanese society was very _____.
The jews established their capital in
Jerusalem
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Temple of __________ and scattered _______.
Jerusalem, Jews
Our calendar is based on _______ birth.
Jesus
Founder of Christianity
Jesus Christ
Christians believe that _______ is the Messiah, the Son of _____, the fulfillment of the _________.
Jesus Christ, God, Old Testament
Christians believe that _____ _____ was the Messiah.
Jesus of Nazareth Jesus Christ
Saturday is the time for _______ worship. It begins at sundown on __________.
Jewish, Friday
Cyrus the great of Persia freed the
Jews
Parts of the writing contained in the Old Testament are also sacred to _____ and ________.
Jews and Muslims
Diaspora
Jews expelled from Judea creates Jewish diaspora, the dispersion of Jews from their Homeland
Moses successfully led the ______ out of slavery in Egypt. His efforts allowed the Jews to return to ____________.
Jews, Israel
What is the oldest Monotheistic religion?
Judaism
__________ is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths
Judaism
Three religions that are monotheistic
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
What were the five major world religions?
Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
The Hebrew leader Abraham founded ______ in ______.
Judaism, Mesopotamia
After Constantine, Emperor __________ comes to power.
Justinian
As the Byzantine Empire expanded the emperor created the _________ code which comnbined Roman and Byzantine Law, it's the foundation for many ___________.
Justinian, Western law codes
Muhammad married ________
Kadiih
Muhammad was a wealthy a caravan manager with his wife _____.
Khadija
Mesopotamia government was ruled by _________ with ________ also holding significant power.
King, priests
poor sanitation and people and animals in close proximity
Lack of organization in cities in Europe during the High Middle Ages led to (2)
Mesopotamia meant
Land Between Rivers
The use of fire to cook food and give off heat by Homo Erectus also offered protection, created meeting spaces, and possibly lead to __________.
Language
Daoism was founded by
Laozi
Indo European people who spoke latin and settled on the plain of Latium
Latins
Like Daoism and Confucianism __________ came about during the Warring States Period
Legalism
Many people did not agree with Shi Huandgi's ________ teachings.
Legalism
Shi Huangdi adopted __ to rule his regime.
Legalism
Unlike Daoism and Confucianism __________ said all men are evil by nature.
Legalism
Who is this quote from: If people who are guilty of faults are not punished, and those who have no merit are rewarded, then isn't ruin a likely outcome?
Legalism
Greeks
Like _____ the Maya were individual city states led by divine kings.
Rome and Persia
Like _______ and _______ the Inca built massive roads
Maya
Like the _____ Aztecs believed in human sacrifice.
Explain origins and significance of the Silk Road
Linked China to the West New food came to China 4000 miles long Chinese sent large quantities of silk westward
Aztec, Maya, Inca
List the 3 American civilizations from north to south which were located along the coast of central america and south america?
Messiah
Literally, the anointed one. In Judaism, this refers to a king who will be sent by God to save the Jews. In Christianity, this refers to Jesus Christ. Ex. The major philosophical difference between Christianity and Judaism is the interpretation of Jesus, and whether or not he was the _____________________.
Han and Roman. Civil War
Long distance trade declined after the collapse of what empires? Why?
Like Christianity Buddhism appealed to the _________ and _______.
Lower class and women
What are the major contributions of the Han Dynasty?
Lowered taxes Eased Legalism policies Confucian advisors in Govt. Govt. control of iron/salt to reduce taxes and increase income Silk Road Civil service system Advanced science/medicines Paper Making Expanded the Arts
Sparta and Athens were weakened by the Peloponnesian war. They were united by the
Macedonians
killed, native population
Magellan made it all the way to the Philippines where he was _______ by __________
peaceful or Pacific
Magellan named the Ocean along the west coast_________ or ____________
Asia
Magellan was trying to find another route to
Increase
Major___________ in Ocean trade and sea exploration during Song Dynasty.
Filial Piety
Male dominance, importance of family, a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors. Example: China
Manorialism / Manor System
Manor: in medieval Europe an agricultural estate that and Lord ran and peasants work. Manorialism: a social economic and political system in which Lords exchange land for service, center on a manor
exploration
Many reasons drove Europeans to explore. Wealth and exotic goods encouraged them to find new trade routes that required _______.
Mesopotamia
Many scholars believe that this early civilization developed a negative view about life and the afterlife because of its harsh physical setting.
The Greeks were a _____ empire
Maritime
Because the Greeks were a ________ empire, this pushed them into conflict with the _____.
Maritime, Persians
city-states
Maya cities were organized with
gods
Mayan and ______ rulers descended from
royal, hereditary ruling clans
Mayan city-states were governed by
gods
Mayan rulers descended from
eachother
Mayans were often at war with _____.
Muslims are required to pray 5 times a day facing _____.
Mecca
Muslims are requried to travel to _____ once in their lifetime
Mecca
Muslims make pilgrimage to
Mecca
Hannibal was defeated as well as Carthage in the 2nd Punic Wars. Rome would return to destroy Carthage completely and become masters of the _____ Sea.
Mediteranian
Utilizing Roman Trade Routes, Christianity spread quickly across the ______ world.
Mediterranean
The Romans had eaasy access to the _______ sea due to their geography
Mediterranean sea
During the Bronze age 1200 - 11-- BCE Major civilizations in the Middle East began to decline and collapse in ____, ____, and _____
Mediterranean, Greece, and Mesopotamia
As Empire expanded around ________ Sea Byzantine Empire controlled numerous people. They would need a _____ to help govern
Mediterranean, code
Name the ancient civilizations most noted for bronze metal working
Mesopotamia
The first river valley civilization was _____________ between the Tigris and Euphrates River Vallys.
Mesopotamia
The plow was invented in _____________.
Mesopotamia
Compare the culture, geography and government of Ancient Egypt to Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia - Complex city-state government Women held higher power Lots of farmers Invented writing Egypt - Farming by the Nile Pharaoh's had centralized government Polytheistic Women held higher status Scientific advances
What were the names of the four Early River Valley Civilizations?
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, China
The collapse of the Bronze Age led to a warring period in _______ much like the ____________ Period in China.
Mesopotamia, Warring States
Jews are still waiting for the ___________ to return.
Messiah
The old testament says (and Jews believe) that a _____ would come.
Messiah
Jews await the ______ who will be an earthly king. They believe in ________, but that god determines where they go after life on earth.
Messiah, Heaven
Metallurgy
Metal-working. The technique or science of working or heating metals. The working of metals became very important to early human settlements for tools & weapons.
The New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (1567-1652 BC) militaristic, began to aggressively expand into __________.
Middle East
Judaism started in the _______ or ________.
Middle East or Mesopotamia
two modern nations taht have a Shi'i majortiy or a significant shi'i population
Modern nations that have a Shi'i majority are Iraq and Iran. Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Pakistan have a significant Shi'i population.
Explain Monotheism and Polytheism
Monotheism - belief in one God Polytheism - belief in more than one God
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are _________ religions.
Monotheistic
Islam is a _______________________ Religion
Monotheistic
The Muslim building for communal worship is called a _____.
Mosque
Aztec, Inca
Much like the _________, the _____ were unable to defeat the Spanish due to the incredible advantages the Spanish possessed.
Founder of Islam
Muhammad
_________ attempted to preach his message but was pushed out by wealthy merchants.
Muhammad
What is the timeline of Islamic " Owners "
Muhammad -> Abu Bakr -> The 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs -> The Umayyad Dynasty -> The Abbasid Dynasty
sunna
Muhammad's own teachings and actions' Islam's second most important authority after the Qur'an
_______ began to meditate on the inequalities he saw.
Muhammad.
Murder in Justinian Code
Murder was punished by banishment
Abu desired to expand ______________ influence
Muslim
Abu was a unifying figure for __________
Muslims
what areas of the globe are presently populated with the greatest concentration of Muslims
Muslims are located in the northern half of Africa, all of the Middle East and southwestern Asia (including Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan), South Asia, and the islands of Malaysia and Indonesia.
Indigenous
Native, original inhabitant. The Aztec and Inca were _________________________ people of the Americas when the Spaniards arrived.
At the beginning of the Punic Wars what was Rome without that gave them a disadvantage
Navy
Athens had a very strong
Navy
Cave paintings were a part of _______ culture.
Neanderthals
King __________ conquered Assyria.
Nebuchadnezzar
Yin is
Negative energy
The phrase from Herodotus which is the unofficial motto of the United States Postal Service says:
Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night states these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds
2nd Class Status
Neo-Confucian beliefs in China played a key role in pushing women into a ?
Binding
Neo-Confucianism was the beginning of womens foot ___________?
After the ice age the climate began to warm. crops grew along rivers, life along rivers began, small communities began to settle, people began to domesticate animals. This began the ____________ revolution.
Neolithic
The _____________ fundamentally changed human history and paved the way for the modern day societies and cities that the majority of all of live in.
Neolithic Revolution
When did metallurgy begin?
Neolithic Revolution
Were human diets and lifestyle better in the Neolithic or Paleolithic Era?
Neolithic people were nomadic and moved a lot, but a small group could easily be stricken with a disease. Paleolithic people were more sedentary.
Who were the five good emperors that followed Octavian Rome
Nerva, Trojan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius
Theodora was incredible important to Justinian and successfully kept him in power during the ____________.
Nika Riots
The river valley in Egypt was the
Nile
What was the river of the Egypt River Valley?
Nile
In Buddhism people want to reach
Nirvana
In Buddhism you work to achieve
Nirvana or ultimate reality
Did Mesopotamia Sumer believe in an afterlife?
No
Leadership of Confucianism
No Clergy
Leadership of Islam
No clergy but a scholar class, called the Ulama and the Imam who may lead prayers
What is the holy book of Hinduism?
No one book - sacred tesxts including the Vedas the Puranas
The holy book of Buddhism
No one book - sacred texts, including the Dhammopada
Explain the major beliefs and practices of Hinduism
No single sacred text Countless Gods Oldest codified religion Karma/Dharma/Moksha/Reincarnation Formal rituals and caste system
Nirvana is reached by following the:
Noble Eightfold Path, Right views, Right resolve, Right speech, Right conduct, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, Right concentration
Before
Norte Chico was a complex civilization before or after the Incas?
The Incas.
Norte Chico were an example of an advanced civilization in South America before who?
The fall of the Roman Empire was due to a number of reasons. One was invasions. Where were Barbarian invasions from?
North and East
Aryans settled in
Northern India
Who were the Xiongnu
Numadic warriors to the North of China?
After the assassination of Ceasar who came into power?
Octavian
Centralized
Of a government or empire brought under the control of a single authority. Most empires during the Classical Era were highly ______________________.
Decentralized
Of a government or empire that is NOT under the control of a single authority. Usually, when the authority is transferred from central to local government.
Hellenistic
Of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC.
Mummification was developed by which Kingdom of Ancient Egypt?
Old Kingdom
The Torah is the first 5 books of the _______.
Old Testament
Like Judaism, Christians believe you can have a personal relationship with God. Christians Holy Book is the Bible, it contains the ____ and ____ Testaments.
Old and New
What were the names of the 3 different kingdoms of ancient egypt?
Old, middle, and new kingdom
What activity is done to honor the Greek Gods?
Olympic games
Monotheistic
One God
Bantu
One early African society was the _______.
Sedentary
Opposite of nomadic. These are communities that settled in permanent towns or cities.
In Ancient China ____________ were evidence of writing
Oracle Bones
The Talmud is the Jewish _______.
Oral Tradition
The Byzantine Empire, overstretched and fighting numerous enemies, was defeated by the ___________ in 1453. This would have enormous consequences.
Ottoman Turks
yzantines woudl continue on until 1453 when they were defeated by the ___________. Use of the __________ allowed them to Win
Ottoman Turks, Cannon
Islamic
Overland routes were blocked by ___________ Empires
____________ people were nomadic.
Paleolithic
Buddhism had 2 holy books
Pali Canon and Dhammapada
Orthodox church leader
Partiarch in Constantinople
What was the Capital City of the Mauryan Empire?
Patalifutra
Early Rome was divided into two groups ____ and ____.
Patricians and Plebians
The five good emperors led Rome into a period called the _____ or the _____.
Pax Romana or the Roman Peace
Athens and Sparta were weakened after the _____ war
Peloponnesian
Sparta, fearing Athens hegemony, created their own alliance, the two fought the ________ war.
Peloponnesian
To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the ____________ League
Peloponnesian
Why did humans become sedentary in the Neolithic Era?
People began settling into villages
Failure to pay debts under the Justinian Code
People owed something had to sue the person owing them to gain debt back.
Athens prospered under which leader?
Pericles
During the Athens leadership of ___________ initially the leadership was benevolent. Gradually they began to dominate and tyrannize other city states.
Pericles
Under which leader did trade flourish and wealth increase in Athens?
Pericles
Athens flourished under _________, however, some City states came to resent ______ success and influence.
Pericles, Athen's
During the Peloponnesian War Sparta even allied with _______ their old enemy agains the ___________.
Persia, Delian League
Babylon was defeated and replaced by the ________ empire in 539 BCE
Persian
Alexander the Great took advantage of the chaos of the __________ and conquered them.
Persian Empire
The Elite Military of Persia contained people from all over the ___________.
Persian Empire
Alexander the Great adopted many ____ and ____ customs.
Persian, Egyptian
180,000 _______ invaded Greece in the Battle of Thermopylae in 480BC
Persians
Alexander the Great suppressed Greek revolts and then turned to conquering the ___________
Persians
Athens was a dominate power after ____________ invasions
Persians
Classical Greece fought the
Persians
The Greeks defeated the _________.
Persians
Satraps/Satrapies
Persians governors that ruled over different territories while serving under the king.
the Greeks defeated the ______ ath the Battle of _________, the Persians would be back.
Persians, Marathon
Basic beliefs of Islam
Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life.
Hannibal's elephants would go out in front of infantry to disrupt Romans
Phalant
After defeating the Persians Alexander the Great marched to Egypt to claim his newly acquired territory and was made
Pharaoh
When jews moved to Egypt they were enslaved by _____. they were seen as a threat
Pharaoh
From the top of the pyramid to the bottom was were the social classes in ancient egypt?
Pharaoh, Government officials (Vizier, Priest, Noble), Soldiers, Scribes, Merchants, Craftsmen, Peasants, Slaves
The Egypt government was ruled by ___________ with a ___________ and _____________
Pharaoh, bureaucracy, vizier
The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2700-2200 BC) have very powerful ____________.
Pharaohs
In Greece each person was a member of a _____ not state.
Polis
The Greek Acropolis sat atop the _____.
Polis
____ was the basic political unit of Greeced and was designed to promote civic and commercial life.
Polis
Define: City-State
Political unit that includes a city that it's surrounding lands
Persian Empire Kings practiced __________
Polygamy
The leader of the Roman Catholic church was
Pope in Rome
spice
Portugal controlled the ___________ trade which led to money and power
Africa
Portugal controlled trade routes around___.
Yang is
Positive energy
Salah
Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
Athens, Constatinople, rome, Muslim Empires
Prior to the High Middle Ages there was a long history of universities and learning in these areas:
Define: Cultural Assimilation
Process by which a culture or language come to resemble those of another group
Mesopotamians were _____ creating epics and law codes on clay tablets.
Prolific
By the rivers of babylon we sat and wept when we remembered Zion (the __________) How can we sing the songs of the Lord in a foreign land"
Promised Land
Moses successfully led Jews back to the _______.
Promised land
Define: Evidence
Proof
_________ broke from Catholic Church over different beliefs, role of the Pope, and worship style.
Protestantism
Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca
Put the empires in order from their start date: Aztec, Inca, Maya, Olmec
The _____ dynasty unified written Chinese, created a single currency, built roads, dug the Grand Canal from the Yangtze to Central China.
Qin
Shi Huangdi's viscious ruling style isolated him and led to his overthrow and fall of the ____________.
Qin Empire
Because of attacks along the Northern Border by Xiongnu, the _______________ began to build the ____________.
Qin Empire, Great Wall of China
Holy book of Islam
Quran
Muhammad's revelations were written down in the ________ which is the ____________.
Quran, Muslim Holy Book
Jewish worship is led by a __.
Rabbi
Leadership of Judaism
Rabbis
Muslims perform fasting during _____
Ramadan
suicide
Rather than accept defeat many Samurai would practice ritual
Women generally had more freedom in Rome than Greece. Both men and women were expected to _____ and _____.
Read and write
Define: Submissive
Ready to conform to the authority or will of others
more food
Redistribution of land to peasants brought?
B) Gold
Referred to as "Sweat of the Sun" the Inca put a huge value on: A) God; B) Gold; C) Glory; D) Germs
Animism
Religious belief in various gods and Spirits in the natural world. Polytheistic. Examples: Shinto, Hinduism, Daoism, and Buddhism.
Sunni & Shia
Religious schism (aka split) in Islam that began as a result of disagreements over who should follow as the leader of the Muslim world after the death of Muhammad
Mongal and Persian
Religious toleration was widely practiced in which of the following empires or civilizations? han and song Egypt and aztec mongol and persian byzantine and quin
Define: Filial Piety
Respect for parents
Cyrus the great of Persia's respect made the people who lived under him __________ of his rule.
Respectful
Cyrus the Great of Persia allowed the Jews to
Return to the Holy Land
The Neolithic Revolution led the development of _________________ in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other locations.
River Valley Civilization
Robbery under the Justinian Code
Robbery was not a crime. The victim could sue the robber for up to four times the values of the stolen property
The two churches that resulted from the Great Schism were
Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Church
Great Schism, 1054
Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox split and caused a division in Christianity known as the _____________________. The cause for this split was disagreement over Popes and idols.
Justinian saw himself as a
Roman Emperor
The Roman Patricians were the minority of the
Roman Republic
The Justinian Code was a blending of ___ and ____ law codes
Roman and Byzantine
Hannibal crosses the Alps but the elephants all die. He is still a threat to the
Romans
In 132 AD the Jews were kicked out of their Promised Land by the
Romans
Christians were seen as a threat by _________ because they did not recognize ____________.
Romans, Roman Gods
As Constantinople become more powerful their Church leaders wanted greater independence from
Rome
Due to multiple invasions _____ was divided into two halves.
Rome
The Punic wars ended when Hannibal without the troops and elephants was unable to defeat _____ or other cities.
Rome
The western capital of the Roamn Empire was
Rome
Why did Rome fall?
Rome cared to much about conquering and land, and expanding their horizons, instead of taking care of what they had. Corruption.
The Twelve Tables
Rome's first Code of laws that granted protection by the law to all free Roman citizens, patricians and plebeians.
The ___________ allowed the Persians to govern effectively. Their military, using the ______, was able to move quickly.
Royal Road, Royal Road
Define: Dynasty
Ruling family
Socially complex
Rural societies (those without cities) became more?
After the Fall of Constantinople the Orthodox Church would move to _____ where it still is.
Russia
Who expanded the Gupta Empire?
Samudragupton
swordsmen, horseman, archers
Samurai were expert (3)
The Hindu Vades was written in
Sanskrit
Darius I of the Persian Empire divided his empire into provinces called _____ to make it manageable.
Satrapies
Define: Messiah
Savior sent by God; Jesus
Define: Metallurgy
Science dealing with metals
The _____ pushed byzantines out of the Middle East in 1071 AD
Seljuk
Why were Pastoralists important in the Neolithic Era?
Semi-nomadic and helped spread new metal technologies
Why was Ceasar assassinated
Senators became jealous
What are the names of the Five Pillars of Islam?
Shahadah, Salah, Sawm, Zakah, Hajj
The first Chinese Dynasty was the _______ during the Bronze Age Civilization
Shang Dynasty
What was the first dynasty of China along the Huang River?
Shang Dynasty
221-206 BC Win Dynasty established and ruled by
Shi Huangdi
Emperor _______ unified China under a single leader, becoming the first Emperor of China.
Shi Huangdi
The Qin Empire United China after the Warring States Period. Their first emperor was
Shi Huangdi
__________ of Qin Dynasty emphasized the burning of books to reduce education and maintain order
Shi Huangdi
The way of gods
Shintoism means:
Buddhism
Shintoism was influenced by
After a number of trials, the Roman Navy defeated Carthage which led to the control of
Sicily
At the beginning of the PUnic Wars both Rome and Carthage wanted control over
Sicily
Buddhism was founded by
Siddhartha Gautama
In ancient times the _______ connected China to India to Europe.
Silk Road
The Gupta Empire grew very wealthy from the trade of the ____.
Silk Road
Explain the major beliefs of Zoroastrianism
Single high God Cosmic belief in good and evil
Zoroastrianism helped unify the Persian Empire and prevented ___________.
Slavery
How is caste determined and why is it significant?
Social group into which people are born into and cannot be changed. Castes had own leader Hinduism was for Castes/Buddhism was against Karma determined Caste in next life Each caste depended on each other
Basic Beliefs of Confucianism
Social order, harmony, and good government should be based on strong family relationships. Respect for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered society. Education is important both to the welfare of the individual and to society.
Define: Patriarchy
Society where men hold greatest legal and moral authority
Greek philosophers included:
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
slaves
Soldiers who were captured during Mayan wars became
Hunter-forager
Someone who hunts animals and gathers plants for food; Paleolithic Age, -Complete or near-complete reliance on hunted, fished, or gathered foods*
Golden Age
Song Dynasty was considered the ?? of China.
Explain major beliefs of Daoism
Sought to live in harmony with nature Focus on the Dao, or the way of the universe
The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) conquest into __________________.
Southern Egypt - Nubia
spain hiring Columbus to sail west to find India
Spain wanted to expand influence with Ferdinand and Isabella after reconquista. This resulted in
The incredible influence and wealth of Athens bred enemies like
Sparta
Warlike society based on warefare
Sparta
Fearing Athens dominance _________ and its allies fought against _________ led Delian League.
Sparta, Athenian
During the Battle of Thermopylae the Greeks were led by
Spartans
_____ were a very warlike, military society
Spartans
Define: Cultural diffusion
Spread of ideas, customs and technology from one people to another
Facts about Hinduism
Started around 2000 BCE No single founder Founded in India No single sacred text Countless Gods Oldest codified religion Karma/Dharma/Moksha/Reincarnation Formal rituals and caste system
Jenne-Jeno
Stateless societies have no king or capital an example is
Define: Neolithic
Stone age
Life in all ancient civilizations in the River Valley Civilizations was ______. There was a division between the rich and the poor.
Stratified
agricultural
Successful _____ practices led to the accumulation of wealth.
Grand Canal
Sui Dynasty built what?
China
Sui Yangdi unified ?? after a period of discord?
Societies which were stratified included:
Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Shang and early Zhou dynasties in China, Harappa and Mohenjo Darho
Christians worship in a ________, services are led by a pastor or priest and they usually meet on ________ mornings.
Sunday
The Christian day of worship is normally _____. This is the day ______ raised from the ______.
Sunday, Jesus, dead
what is sunnism
Sunni is drawn from a longer phrase referring to the people who follow the established custom, or sunna, meaning the sunna of the Prophet. It is simply the common name for the form of Islam practiced by the majority (about 87%) of Muslims.
The majority of Muslims split into which group?
Sunnis
What are the names of the 2 Islamic Groups
Sunnis and the Shi`ites
centers
Swahili Cities became cultural and political
African, Arab, Indian, and Asian
Swahili City-States were a mix of what cultures?
Islam
Swahili City-States, along the East Coast of Africa converted to ________ due to trade networks and trade with the Indian Ocean area.
The jewish worship is led by a ________ and led by a __________.
Synagogue, Rabbi
Jews worship in _______ or __________.
Synagogues or temples
Define: Class
System of ordering society by dividing people
Define: Hierarchy
System of ranking groups
Internal
Tax shortages and land ownership disputes were examples of Internal or External reasons for the fall of the Han Dynasty
Pax Romana
The 200 year era of peace and prosperity in Rome
Civil Service Exam
The ??? led to a scholar-Gentry class in China.
idols
The Aztec and the Mayan tribes had a lot of gods, and many of them were represented by sculptures made from volcanic rocks, and pottery. They were used as _______ in Aztec religion and sacrifice ceremonies.
Chinampas
The Aztec created ______ whiich were floating islands to adapt to harsh environmental circumstances.
tribute
The Aztec demanded _________ from other cities in the region.
Tenochtitlan
The Aztec developed into ___________ (Mexico City).
c
The Aztec empire is similar to the Assyrian Empire in: (a) their reliance on human sacrifice, (b) their creation of a well-organized government consisting of people pulled from across the empire, (c) their use of fear and a powerful army to force neighboring cities to accept their rule and pay tribute, (d) offering conquered people citizenship and rights that made them less likely to rebel
4 million people
The Aztec had indirect rule over approximately ____
stratified
The Aztec society was _____ between men and women and rich and poor.
long distance
The Aztec valued this type of trade
warlike
The Aztech were a ______ civilization.
temples, public buildings, housing, stone roadways
The Aztecs built (4)
Central Mexico
The Aztecs developed in __________.
The Mongols because they demanded tribute
The Aztecs were mos similar to which other world empire and why?
blood
The Bantu had a strong sense of community based on ______.
not one mass movement, over a long period of time
The Bantu moved east and south. Describe the rate of this movement:
C) Linguistic
The Bantu people can best be categorized as a(n) _______________ group. A) Religious; B) Cultural; C) Linguistic; D) Spiritual
farmers and nomads
The Bantu were ___________ and ___________.
iron working and better farming
The Bantu were farmers and Nomads with __________ and ____________ skills/tools.
Europe
The Black Death was most devastating in _____.
China
The Black Death/Bubonic Plague most likely started in ____.
Founder of Buddhism
The Buddha
Mandate of Heaven
The Chinese philosophical concept of the circumstances under which a ruler is allowed to rule. Good rulers would be allowed to rule with the Mandate of heaven, and despotic, unjust rulers would have the Mandate revoked.
The fact that nearly everyone in Europe was Christian
The Churches influence in the Middle Ages result
The fact that nearly everyone in Europe was Christian
The Churches influence in the Middle Ages resulted from?
small pox
The Columbian Exchange dramatically changed the entire world. Disease, especially ______ would decimate native populations
linguistic
The Eary African society of Bantu were a _________ group.
Marco Polo
The Europeans began to look outward with a greater curiosity about the East from explorers one explorer was _____________ who served in Kublai Khan's court (Yuan Dyn).
civil war, Francisco Pissarro arrived
The Fall of the Inca was the result of: (2)
Why did the Golden Age of Greece end?
The Golden Age ended with When they are conquered by the Masodonians
Why did the Han Dynasty fail?
The Han dynasty ended because of weak rulers, a weakened central government, dishonest officials and greedy aristocrats began grabbing more land and wealth, which angered the farmers. Eventually by A.D. 220 the Han dynasty plunged into a civil war.
Andes
The INca established an empire throughout the _________ mountains.
unity
The INca were incredible builders, using terrace farming and creating cities on a massive scale. They were prolific road builders, which helped maintain _________ of the empire.
describe the figure of the Imam to Shi'ism
The Imams is believed to have special spiritual insight, and is revered as the true earthly authority. Most Shi'is believe there have been twelve Imams, all of them descended from Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and her husband Muhammad's cousin Ali.
C) The Persians
The Inca are most closely related to what empire in regards to their roads and treatment of defeated enemies? A) The Romans; B) The Greeks; C) The Persians; D) The Han
terrace
The Inca created enormous ______ farms.
weaker
The Inca defeated ___________ tribes.
providences
The Inca divided their empire into ________.
war, army
The Inca in South America built their society on ____, all men were required to be in the _____.
governer
The Inca providences had a _________.
Aztec and Maya
The Inca were a stratified society like the _____ and _____.
gold
The Incan Temple of the Sun was decorated with _______.
sun
The Incas built a massive temple to the _____.
the sweat of the sun
The Incas called gold:
gravity
The Incas created monumental architecture. They had no concrete just _______.
Egypt, Japanese
The Incas like ____ and _______ built a massive temple.
rich nobles
The Japanese Daimyo was similar to
king
The Japanese Shogun was similar to a
instability, clans
The Japanese formed during a period of _____ and family _____ played a key role.
Korean, Chinese, and Japanese
The Japanese writing system was influenced by (3)
agricultural
The Kingdom of Ghana was a _________ geographical area.
The Greeks because they were a collection of city-states.
The Maya can most closely be compared to which civilization and why?
independent city-states, Ancient Greece
The Maya developed a complex society based on ____ ___ ___ like _____ ______
southern Mexico and Central America
The Maya developed in ______ and __________.
solar calendar, written language, beautiful cities, extremely tall buildings
The Maya had a number of achievements like (4)
Greeks, hieroglyphics
The Mayan and _____ wrote complex books using _____ language.
solar
The Mayan calendar was a _____ calendar.
~300-900 CE
The Mayan civilizations flourished during what time period?
long count calendar
The Mayan created the ___ ____ ___ based on creation and destruction
Greeks
The Mayan government was similar to the government of the
history
The Mayan recorded their own _____.
trained priests, future, omens
The Mayan sacred calendar was only for _____ _____ to read and use to fortell the _____ and read ______.
hieroglyphics
The Mayan wrote complex books using ______ language.
Theocratic
The Mayans had a _____ form of government
Italian
The Mediterranean sea was blocked by ________city-states
Aztec
The Mexica were later known as _____.
Yellow Turban Rebellion
The Peasant Rebellion was called what?
King Phillip of Spain
The Philippines were named after
Great Schism
The Pope excommunicated the Byzantine emperor (kicked him out of the church) and in 843 BCE the ban on icons lifted. All this led to the great schism (split) of 1054 CE. Representatives of each Church, East and West excommunicated each other.
English, Dutch, French
The Portugal were unable to settle/protect trading posts which led to _____________ (3) pushing Portugal out.
record
The Quipu was a ____ keeping device.
Trans-Saharan trade routes
The Sahara desert forced many sub saharan africa empires to trade via _______________.
Bushida
The Samurai lived a strict warrior code called
Bushido
The Samurai were elite warriors who followed a strict warrior code called ___.
Shogun and Daimyo
The Samurai were solely responsible for the protection of (2)
Foreign Invasion
The Song Dynasty lost trade routes along the Silk Road due to what?
After
The Sui Dynasty came before or after the Han Dynasty?
Trade
The Sui Dynasty had a massive increase in what?
Grand Canal
The Sui Dynasty unified China after a period of Civil War. They started the what?
money and different religions
The Trans-Saharan trade routes connected sub Saharan Africa empires to trade via Trans-Saharan trade routes the effect was ____________.
Southern Mexico
The Yucatan Peninsula is East of Teotihuacan in:
Crusades
The ____ brought Europeans into contact with different cultures during the High Middle ages
Crusades
The _____ were a series of wars during the Middle Ages where the Christians of Europe tried to retake control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Subordination
The act of giving someone or something less importance or power. Subject to the authority or control of another. Ex. During the classical civilizations, public life was a male domain, and women were generally __________________ to men in most cultures.
Conversion (religious)
The act or process of changing from one religion, belief, etc., to another.
Satrap/ Satrapies
The administrators of the Persian government. King Darius set up 20 provinces called satrapies, governed by rulers called satraps.
Define: Paleolithic
The area of history that lasted from 2 million BC to 9000 BC
Polytheism
The belief in many gods or deities. Ex. Hinduism, Greek religion, Roman religion.
Monotheism
The belief in one god or deity. Ex. Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam.
two modern Muslim teachings on the care of the body
The body is to be kept clean; recall that washing is part of the Muslim prayer ritual. Clothing should be neither overly seductive nor overly luxurious, but there is nothing wrong with choosing clothes that are fashionable and attractive. Islam regulates the diet. It forbids the eating of pork and the drinking of alcohol. Sexuality is celebrates as one of Allah's greatest gifts, but one that is to be enjoyed only within marriage.
Scholar Gentry Class
The civil service exam led to the rise of what class?
Chivalry
The code of behavior of Medieval knights, which emphasized bravery, military skill, generosity in victory, piety, and courtesy to women. Similar to Bushido in Japan.
Codification
The collection of a number of laws or rules into one organized body. Ex. The Code of Hammurabi is the first example of ____________________________.
Agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. *
Manorialism
The economic counterpart to feudalism. It describes how a Lord would generate income on the land. The Lord of the Manor exploited the serfs or tenants who worked his estate, or fief.
What events allowed agriculture to emerge?
The end of an ice age led to an increase in fertile soil
Social Inequality
The existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or classes within a society.
Bantu were responsible for teaching new agricultural technologies to adjacent tribes
The expected outcome for tribes the Bantu people encountered were_______.
Asia
The fall of Constantinople resulted int Europeans loosing their land route to ______.
Aztecs, cortez
The fall of the Inca was very similar to the __________ who were defeated by ___________.
how does Sufism extend the first sentence of Isma's confession of faith
The first pillar of Islam declares "There is no god except God." Sufism extends this a step further, declaring that there is nothing but God. If that is the case, then the worshiper too must be one with God.
f
The following were advancements during the High Middle Ages (a) agricultural, (b) growth of trade networks (c) increased foreign invasion (d) rise of feudalism (e) all of the above (f) just a and b (g) just a, b, and c
diverse
The geography of Africa is very _______.
agricultural communities
The geography of Africa led to ______ __________ in Central/Sub-Saharan Africa.
mountains
The geography of Japan is primarily
Heresy
The goal of the Dominican Order in the Middle Ages and Renaissance was to defend the Church from who?
fragmented
The government of Western Europe after the fall of Rome became ___________ with no major ruler.
monarch, lords, officials, priests, commoners, indentured servents, slaves
The hierarchy of the Aztec society included (7) groups
Aristocracy
The highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices, , esp. nobility. Also, a form of government in which power is held by the nobility. It is a synonym of elite class.
gold
The incas valued _______.
Catholics, Jews
The inquisition was begun by the _______ as a way of finding ________.
Dominicans, Heretics
The inquisition was begun by the ___________ as a way of finding _______________.
What is the king of Upper and Lower Egypt? He is god by whose dealings one lives, the father and mother of all men alone by himself, without an equal. What does without an equal mean in this quote?
The king was the most powerful, no man was equal to his status.
rules
The leaders of the Kingdom of Ghana were strong rulers who governed without any laws and relied on well-trained armies to enact their __________.
Define: Migration
The movement of people
Byzantine Empire
The name given to the East half of the Roman Empire after the fall of Rome
Philosophy
The original meaning of this word comes from the Greek "love of wisdom." It refers to the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the most important Greek _______________________.
Classical Era
The period in World History after the decline of river valley civilizations where large empires first emerged (about 1000 BCE - 600 CE). Greek civilization, Roman Empire, Zhou and Han Empires in China, Mauryan and Gupta Empires in India
European society
The plague almost destroyed _____ _____.
D) Mecca
The presences of the Ka'ba attracted pilgrims to _________. A) Baghdad; B) Damascus; C) Medina; D) Mecca
Assimilation
The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and cultural characteristics of a group
Buddhism
The silk road greatly contributed to the spread of which religion?
Elite
The socially superior part of society. A group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise much power or influence. Ex. members of the ruling ________________ It is a synonym of aristocracy.
Basic beliefs of Hinduism
The soul never dies, but is continually reborn, Persons achieve happiness and enlightenment after they free themselves from their earthly desire, freedom from earthly desires comes from a lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts
Cultural diffusion
The spread of cultural items—such as ideas, customs, religions, technologies, languages etc. Ex. Hellenism under Alexander the Great
b
The three field system had which major effect? (a) animals like horses were used to farm land, (b) there was an increase in the food and population, (c) feudalism began to breakdown as a social order, (d) the church lost significant amount of power (which letter)
Mediterranean, West Africa
The trans-Saharan trade routes connected port cities on the ____________________ coast with trading centers of ______ __________.
Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan
The triple alliance was between 3 major cities and included:
Metallurgy
The working and shaping of metals. Heating rock to melt out the metal which can be cast to form tools and weapons.
Basic Beliefs of Judaism
There is only one God, who watches over and cares for his people. God loves and protects his people, but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings. Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings.
while the Greeks were defeated at _________ they delayed the ___________ who would be defeated. _____________ would become dominant force in Greece.
Thermopylae, Persians, Athens
Agricultural Revolution
These major changes developed in human societies due to this ___________________ revolution: The domestication of animals A population increase Specialization of labor Male dominated societies
Asoka and Constantine
These two emperors had religious conversions during their reign which caused significant changes in their respective empires.
Christianity and Buddhism
These two religions had the following similarities: 1. Both spread along trade routes. 2. Both had large conversion rates from the poor, lower classes, and women. 3. Both had powerful emperors who converted to one of these religions during the Classical Era.
Explain the common goal of Legalism, Confucianism and Daoism
They all wanted to end conflict
Why were Paleolithic societies called egalitarian?
They believed all people are equal
Type
They created movable what?
What does Ashoka and Constantine have in common?
They switched cultures
Explain why Buddhism and Christianity had high conversion rates
They welcomed all people as equals
Paragraph
They would arrange individual letters to make what?
Legalism
This Chinese philosophy believed that order could be maintained by clearly stating laws and enforcing them with rewards and punishments.
Egypt
This First Civilization was above all shaped by the single river that flowed through it and flooded predictably every year to fertilize and bring water to the fields.
Faster communication
This allowed rapid printing of key works, which had what effect?
Indus Valley/Harappan Civilization
This ancient civilization was most known for advanced city planning including plumbing and grid patterns in major city streets.
Specialization of Labor
This began during the Neolithic Age when due to the food surplus not all villagers needed to farm.
Hunter-forager
This is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.
Agrarian
This is and adjective that refers to the cultivation of land. During the Neolithic Age, humans lived in ________________ societies.
Pastoralism
This is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. __________________________ transformed early human societies by rapidly increasing technology. ____________________ societies were more mobile (movable) than agricultural societies.
River Valleys
This is where early agricultural communities independently flourished into civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mohenjo-Daro, and China.
Domestication
This refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.
Neo-Confucianism
This resurgence of Confucianism was sometimes called?
Class
This term usually implies a social and economic hierarchy, in which those of higher standing have greater status, privilege, prestige, money and authority.
Feudalism
This was the political and social order developed in the Middle Ages. Nobles offered peasants protection and the land in exchange for service and a portion of the peasant's harvest.
Darius I of the Persian Empire added ________ in Europe to the Persian Empire.
Thrace
What is the name of the Deity of Hinduism?
Three main gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Rome developed along the ___________ which was 18 miles inland from sea
Tiber River protected from Navy
What were the two rivers of the Mesopotamia River Valley?
Tigris and Euphrates
What was the environment of the Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates flooding unpredictable, No natural barriers, Limited natural resources
10,000 BC
Time that people migrated from Asia to North/South America
Define: Codification
To arrange to set down in writing
Conversion (Convert)
To change from one religion to another. Example to convert to Islam.
Define: Tolerance
To have tolerance for someone
master
To join a guild one had to become a ____.
Define: Claim
To say it is true
Tutors and schooling
To take the civil service exam it required what?
Define: Domestication
To tame animals and adapt crops
Define: Toleration
Tolerating differences
Judiasm is monotheistic with two main holy books, the _____ and _____.
Torah and Talmud
What are the two Jewish holy books?
Torah, Talmud
colonies, expiditions
Trade made Spain, France, and England very rich. They wanted to expand influence so they started exploring new areas and creating ________. They depended on explorers to lead ________.
Muslim merchants
Trade revived under Tang and with SE Asia because of ?
colonies
Trade route countries, during the Age of Exploration, resulted in Europe beginning to explore foreign lands and creating _________.
middle east
Trahs-Saharan trade routes connected Africa to the ______________.
True
True or False: Because of the Aztecs significant use of Human sacrifices, other tribes in the region would ally themselves with the Spanish against the Aztecs.
Japan and China
Two civilizations that rose out of a period of instability included:
The community of Muslims is called
Umma
what determines inclusion in the umma
Umma is the community that transcends the boundaries of race, ethnicity, language, and other cultural factors. The Umma is a brotherhood and sisterhood based solely in religion
Islam stressed the community called the _____. Like Christianity, Islam has split into two separate groups ____ and _____.
Umma, Shia, Sunnis
church, Jews, relaxed
Unable to gain credit or money due to ______ regulations, merchants went to ______ for money. Gradually the church _____ its regulations. (High Middle Ages)
Beauty and giving birth
Under Neo-Confucianism women were good for what?
Constricted
Under Neo-Confucianism women's status was?
What are the major contributions of the Qin Dynasty?
Unified China Strong authoritarian Qin government Legalism Constructed the Great Wall Unity imposed - workers created roads to strengthen transportation system
Continuity
Uninterrupted and/or duration without essential change
The Roman Law codified Roman Law. The Law of Nations was the
Universal Law
South, provinces, roads
Unlike the Aztecs, the Inca established their empire in _______ America, along the Andes Mountains. They divided their empire into ____________ and connected it with __________.
Who is being described in this quote? "when we go to buy milk, they won't even take the money from our hands, we must put it down and then they pick it up. They don't let us in their homes, we can't sit with them, we can't eat with them."
Untouchables from Ancient India - that still exist in the caste system of India today
Define: Elite
Upper class
What does Homo Erectus mean
Upright
The Hindu sacred writing was the
Vadas
Emporers
Various Warlords had distrust and assassinated who?
India
Vasco De Gama continued Diaz's route but reached _______.
1497
Vaso De Gama explored in what year
When the Aryans settled along the Ganges river ___________ religions began. This was the start of __________.
Vedic, Hinduism
The Han Dynasty expanded territory into modern day
Vietnam
256-221 BC __________ perio. Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism developed
Warring States
Like Confucianism and Legalism, Daoism started during the
Warring States Period
Confucius started during
Warring States period
Yes
Was a Dark Ages manor self-sufficient?
Empress Wu
Was a cultural icon in the Tang Dynasty
Why did the Persian Empire fail?
Weak leadership, Alexander the Great conquered them
Explain why the Indus Valley civilization was unique
Well planned cities Plumbing systems (sewers) Own system of writing
Yes
Were plots within the emperor's court to assassinate important officials one of the internal reasons for the fall of the Han Dynasty?
Who were the Huns and Xiongu?
Were warlike, nomadic people who defeated everything in their path
Darius I of the Persian Empire added ___________ to the Persian Empire
Western India
At the Fall of the Roman empire Rome was divided into _____ and _____ empires.
Western and Eastern.
Greater population with the ability to colonize and settle, Larger and advanced military to defeat established civilizations
What 2 advantages did the Spanish have when exploring?
Aztec and Inca
What 2 civilizations did the Spanish defeat
Astrolabe, Advanced ships
What 2 key inventions allowed the spanish to look for new ways to Asia
Sahara, Savanna, Rainforests
What 3 types of geography are found in Africa?
Song
What Dynasty was after the Sui and Tang Dynasties?
Empress Wu
What Empress demonstrates the fact that the Tang Dynasty were more lenient toward the role of women?
Camel
What animal made the trans-Saharan trade viable?
Diaz, De Gama, Columbus, Magellan
What are 4 explorers who led expeditions during the European Age of Exploration?
agriculture advancements, trade increase, rise of the guilds, finance expansion, growth of cities, establishment of universitites
What are 6 advancements which were observed during the high middle ages
transfer of culture like language (Spanish/English/French), transfer of religion (Christianity)
What are debatable aspects of the columbian exchange
Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku
What are the 4 main islands of Japan
sub-Saharan Africa
What area did Africa largely exclude in it's trading?
salt and gold
What did Bartholomeu Diaz trade for with the Songhai?
Tea, silk and porcelain
What did Chinese export?
Exotic woods, precious stones and tropical goods
What did Chinese import?
Large intricate buildings
What did Norte Chico build?
Tribute like gold and Human sacrifice
What did the Aztecs demand from conquered people?
iron working, domestication of crops, animals, disease, language
What did the Bantu bring to Africa as they moved to the east and south? (5 things)
Massive head statues
What did the Olmec Civilization build?
Long distance trade networks.
What did the Olmec Civilization establish?
Possibly a jaguar god. 1/2 man, 1/2 Jaguar.
What did the Olmec Civilization worship?
Destabilized the Han Dynasty
What did the Sino Xiongnu Wars do to the Han Dynasty?
Boats and Astrolabe
What did the Song Dynasty need for their type of trade?
those who serve
What does Samurai mean
Rebirth
What does resurgence mean?
Crusades
What event/idea led to the Europeans looking for different ways to Asia?
Bartholomeu Diaz
What explorer from portugal was the first to begin long distance exploration?
Cut off
What happened to the Silk Road during the Song Dynasty?
roads
What helped connect the Inca Empire?
Writing and Buddhism religion
What influences did the Chinese have on Japan (2)
Upper Class Society
What is Gentry?
Fief
What is a grant of land given by a lord to a vassal in return for an oath of loyalty and armed warriors?
Absolute power will corrupt
What is a long term lesson one can learn from the inquisition?
Copy Machine
What is a modern day example of Wood Block Printing?
Serf, Feudal
What is a peasant bound to work on his lord's land and subject to his lord's will while gaining his protection? What type of system is this?
Fighting
What is discord?
Invasion, Internal Revolt, Natural Disaster
What is known about the decline of the Maya (3 possibilities)
Areas assimilated under conquest were normally allowed to keep the same people in power and run affairs as normal
What is on similarity that both the Islamic Empire and Persian Empire shared?
Sun
What is on the Japanese flag?
Calendar
What is one tool that was developed by the Mayan
The government became decentralized and fragmented
What is the best description in Western Europe after the fall of Rome?
Listen to the Pope in all matters
What is the only way a king can maintain his kingdom?
zero interaction
What is the reason that people in the Americas had a lack of immunity to old world diseases?
When Muslims fast to understand what it is like to go hungry and have an increased appreciation for the poor.
What is the significance of Ramadhan?
payment to a dominant empire
What is tribute?
Astrolabe and Advanced Ships
What key invention allowed the Spanish to look for new ways to Asia?
Quechua
What language did the Inca speak?
Yellow and Yangtze
What rivers did the Sui Dynasty link?
using a tribute system on conquered people
What similarity do the Mongols and Aztecs share? appreciation for the arts the lack of a written language advanced math and science contributions using a tribute system on conquered people
C) The Islamic conquest of the region resulted in many conversions to Islam and the adoption of Islamic customs
What statement best explains the adoption of the Arabic language across North Africa? A) The retreat of the Roman Empire allowed people to return to their native language; B) The Islamic conquest destroyed the native populations living in this region; C) The Islamic conquest of the region resulted in many conversions to Islam and the adoption of Islamic customs; D) The defeat of the Byzantine Empire convinced many inhabitants of the superiority of Arabic culture
A banking system
What system did Islamic merchants establish that allowed them to dominate the world economy during the pre-modern world?
Songhai and Umayyad
What two empires were linked to Europe by the European trade route?
Japan and Mesopotamia
What two societies were feudal?
Pyramids and possible temples to a Sun Diety
What type of buildings did Norte Chico build?
Swahili
What type of city-states were located along the east coast?
Magnetic
What type of compass did the Song Dynasty use?
B) Theocratic
What type of government did the Maya have? A) Democratic; B) Theocratic; C) Republic; D) Aristocracy
complex city state government
What type of political structure did the Maya have
External
What type of reason, internal or external, for the fall of the Han Dynasty was the Sino Xiongnu Wars?
Feudal
What type of society (Japan) had a rigid social structure where local rulers, elite families or warlords dominate the land?
Land trade
What type of trade did Africa only rely on?
Ocean trade
What type of trade did the Song Dynasty depend on?
C) Rival tribes turned against them with foreigners
What was an effect of the Aztecs being a warring and vicious civilization? A) They made excellent allies against the Spanish; B) They forced conversion on the Incan people; C) Rival tribes turned against them with foreigners; D) They pursued a policy of peace to make allies
New goods were exchanged throughout Europe and the Middle East
What was one major impact of the Crusades?
They had new technology which allowed them to sail further and faster.
What was the advantage of Portuguese ships which were acquired from Muslims during the Crusades?
they had guns and cannons and were able to defeat established Muslim empires and native populations
What was the advantage of Portuguese weapons?
The Omlec Civilization
What was the first major complex civilization in Central America?
The House of Wisdom
What was the greatest and largest Islamic university during the Abbasid dynasty?
Chivalry. Japanese code of Bushido
What was the name of the code of ethics European Knights were to uphold during the middle ages? What was it similar to?
The sacraments of the Catholic Church
What was the only path to salvation for the people of Europe in the Middle Ages?
they had a lack of major codified religions
What was the religious status of the Americas
Disease
What was the result of fast growing cities during the High Middle Ages?
Kings, nobles, priests, warriors, specialized merchants, peasants
What was the social hierarchy of the Maya
140 degrees
What was the temperature in the Sahara Desert?
Quipu
What was the writing system of the Inca?
Chinese Seas
What water bodies did the Song Dynasty depend on for their Sea Trade?
Spanish invasion by Cortez, Jaded Native Mexican rulers allied with Spanish
What were 2 external factors that led to the fall of the Aztec empire in the 16th century?
lords wanting independence, overspending of money on war and sacrifice, food shortage
What were 3 internal factors that led to the fall of the Aztec empire in the 16th century?
growth of cities, increased interaction, lack of cures or remedies
What were 3 reasons for the destructive effects of the Plague in Europe?
reduced population, trade decline, decline of feudal system, higher pay
What were 4 effects of the Black Death/Bubonic Plague?
Nomadic warriors
What were Ulghers, Kazakhs, Mongols, Jurchens(Manchu), and Xiongnu?
Abbasids and Umayad
What were other Golden Ages of China?
Disruption of trade routes and decline of literacy
What were some of the effects of the fall or Rome?
Crusades created a demand for Asian goods, Curiosity about the East, New navigation, Fall of Constantinople
What were the 4 reasons Europeans began to look outward?
Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasents
What were the 4 tiers of the Japanese Feudal Society?
Agriculture, population, goods, trade, finance, guilds, cities, universities
What were the 8 pieces that flowed together during the High Middle Ages (begin with agriculture and end at universities)?
90% of native population may have died from disease, enslavement of native population dropped and slaves were imported from Africa
What were the negatives of the Columbian Exchange
America received horses, pigs, cattle, sheep and Europe received tomatos, potatoes, corn, tabacco, cocoa
What were the positives of the Columbian Exchange
God, Gold, Glory
What were the reasons Europeans were encouraged to explore? (3)
Healthier population, larger families, growth in population
What were the results of more food being grown in the High Middle Ages? (3)
winter crop, spring crop, fallow field
What were the three fields of the three field system?
Rimbuktu, Taghaza, Cairo
What were three cities the Trans-saharan trade passed through?
Advanced weapons and ships
What where two advantages of Portuguese ships and sailors?
Paper
What would artist stamp their image on?
A) Stratified
What would be the best description for the Maya Society? A) Stratified; B) Mobile; C) Egalitarian; D) Friendly
Diasporas
When Jews are kicked out of their holy land
Han Dynasty
When did the Great Wall begin?
220 A.D.
When did the Han Dynasty collapse?
Migration
When peoples or animals move from one place to another. Ex. According to the "Out of Africa" theory, humans _______________ from Africa to the rest of the world.
907-1279
When was the Song Dynasty?
581-618
When was the Sui Dynasty?
618-907
When was the Tang Dynasty?
Tang Dynasty
When was wood block printing developed?
South toward the tip of Africa
Where did Bartholomeu Diaz explore?
around the cape of good hope
Where did Bartholomeu Diaz sail?
Korea, Japan and Vietnam
Where did Buddhism spread to?
modern day Dominican Republic
Where did Columbus land?
Yucatan Peninsula
Where did the Mayan civilization flourish between ~300 - 900 BC
Along major rivers and natural resources
Where did the Olmec Civilization settle?
Jerusalem
Where was the most difficult shrine for most Christians in the Middle Ages to make a pilgrimage to?
Coastal areas of South America and along river valleys
Where were Norte Chico based?
Modern day Mexico
Where were the Olmec Civilization from?
Aztec and Song
Which 2 civilizations demanded tribute?
A) Displacement and movement of people and diffusion of agricultural technologies
Which BEST summarizes the LARGEST, LONGTERM impact of the Bantu Migrations? A) Displacement and movement of people and diffusion of agricultural technologies; B) Distribution of the knowledge of slash and burn agriculture; C) The spread of language and destruction of most West African stateless societies; D) The spread of Islam through Sub-Saharan Africa
d
Which civilization has never had its writing deciphered? (a) sumer, (b) egypt, (c) shang, (d) Harrapan (which letter)
Magellan
Which explorer helped Spain push past north and south america and into the Pacific Ocean
C) A decentralized state with warring states constantly fighting
Which is the best description for the Maya? A) Highly centralized state focused on a dominant god-king; B) An aggressive empire that focused only on Human Sacrifice; C) A decentralized state with warring states constantly fighting; D) A powerful central government centered at Tikai & Chitzen Itza
b
Which of the following best describes Western Europe after 600 AD? (a) Politically and religiously united by the catholic pope (b) Politically fragmented into small kingdoms but predominantly united by the catholic church, (c) Politically and religiously united by the Byzantine Emperor, (d) Politically fragmented into small kingdoms but predominantly united in religions by the Patriarch of the Orthodox church (which letter)
a
Which of the following best describes the political structure of Maya from 600-900 BC? (a) numerous, independent, warring city-states (b) a highly centralized, aggressively expansionist empire, (c) several weak kingdoms under Aztec control, (d) numerous, small coastal villages dependent on maritime trade (which letter)
d
Which of the following cultural traditions did NOT develop in China during the "age of warring states"? a. Confucianism b. Daoism c. Legalism d. Buddhism (which letter)
A) There were no major codified religions like Hinduisim
Which of the following was a major difference between the development of the Americas and that of the Afro-Eurasians? A)There were no major codified religions like Hinduisim; B) Only a few places had mass domestication animals; C) They lacked immunity to small pox but not to influenza; D) While Americans had the wheel they lacked metallurgy.
a
Which of the following was primarily a philosophical movement that emphasized piety, respect for elders, and family obligations? (a) confucianism, (b) Judaism, (c) Hinduism, (d) Zoroastrianism (which letter)
F
Which of the following were effects of the Crusades? (a) increased power of the pope, (b) increased power of the monarchy, (c) weakening of the feudal system, (d) increased animosity (anger) between Catholics and Orthodox), (e) all of the above, (f) A and B, (g) b, c, and d (which letter)
Aristocrats
Who could afford tutors and schooling?
Mongols
Who defeated the Song Dynasty?
established African Kingdoms
Who did Bartholomeu connect with?
Quetzalcoatl
Who did Montezuma think Cortez was?
craftsmen and artisans
Who did not fit into the High Middle Ages European Feudal Pyramid?
DeGamma
Who traveled further? Diaz or DeGamma?
Sui Yangdi
Who was the Major Emperor of the Sui Dynasty?
Hernan Cortez
Who was the Spanish leader who defeated the Aztecs?
Everyone
Who was the civil service exam open to?
Magellan
Who was the first to sail around the world
Peasants, because they are poor
Who would be excluded from the civil service exam and why?
No language and no written records.
Why are we unsure of the collapse of the Olmec Civilization?
could not access the Mediterranean sea
Why did Bartholomeu Diaz begin exploring?
to become famous
Why did Europeans explore for Glory?
spread christianity
Why did Europeans explore for God?
to grow wealthy
Why did Europeans explore for Gold?
to preserve food
Why did Ghana trade their gold/wealth for salt?
trade with Arab and Indian worlds
Why did Islam spread rapidly in Swahili City States?
They believed that the Inquisition was saving peoples souls
Why did some Christians agree with the mission of the Inquisition.
They thought the Sun needed the strength from human blood
Why did the Aztecs practice human sacrifice?
Because it had fresh water
Why did the Norte Chico base where they did?
Buddhism
Why did the women in Tang Dynasty have more relaxed expectations?
they have no set nation, lack central authority figure, have no king, capital city or military
Why did where stateless societies in Africa called stateless? (5 examples/reasons)
He was sickly
Why was Empress Wu's son not able to rule?
Black Death
Why was their a population drop in Midieval England between 1300 and 1400
haphazard construction, mixing of animals with people, lack of clean water
Why was there disease in High Middle Ages cities? (3)
to set quality standards for common goods
Why were guilds created?
A) They were promised gold and titles
Why were rival kingdoms so willing to work with the Spanish? A) They were promised gold and titles; B) The Aztecs were benevolent rulers; C) Aztecs demanded sacrifices and gunpowder; D) All the above; E) Just A & C
as people traded more they desired to be closer to eachother
Why were there growths of cities during the High Middle Ages?
They truly believed that the church was the only path of salvation.
Why would people be willing to follow the will of the Catholic Church in almost anything in Medieval Europe?
Columbian Exchange
Widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage.
Inheritance under Justinian Code
Woman could not inherit property from their husbands unless it was provided in a will. Children received equal amounts of their father's estate.
_______________ were central to Paleolithic cultures around the world, because they understood that life - children - came from women.
Women
Explain the roles of women in Confucianism
Women at every level of society held a lower place than men
The Silk Road expanded during the Han Empire under ____. _________ also expanded
Wudi, wealth
What where the threats from the North to the Qin Dynasty
Xiongnu
Jews believe that there is a single god _________.
Yahweh
China along the Huang River was located on the Yellow (______) and Huang He River
Yangtze
Does the Caste system still exist in India?
Yes
Daoism believes in a balance of _________ and ________ energies
Yin and Yang
Zoroastrianism sacred book was the
Zend
1045 BC ______ Dynasty established rules for 900 years
Zhau
256 BC _________ Dynasty Collapses
Zhou
Warfare broke out between Chinese nobles at the end of the ______ dynasty
Zhou
Mesopotamia built monumental architecture they called _________ to please gods.
Ziggurats
Zoroastrianism was founded by
Zoroaster
Like Islam, Christianity & Judaism __________ in Persia taught belief in one universal, all powerful god. They were monotheistic.
Zoroastrianism
____________ was the original religion of the Persian Empire
Zoroastrianism
Americas and Afro Eurasians
_______ and _____ developed in much different ways.
Americas
_______ had a lack of immunity to old world diseases.
sacrifice
_______ was an important form of divine celebration
Americas
_________ had no mass domestication of animals.
Nahua
_________ people migrated down into the Valley of Mexico in ~1100 AD.
Columbus
__________ accidentally found the New World. Spain, with its larger population and economy were able to settle and dominate Central and South America. Spanish is still the dominant language there today.
Islam
___________ spread rapidly in Swahili City States.
Tenochtitlan
____________ quickly rose to dominate the two other Aztec cities in the triple alliance.
Monarchy
_____________ remained the type of government with a large bureaucracy supporting it which was a Government and Economy Accomplishment of the Sui-Song era.
Monastery
a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.
Edifices
a building, especially a large, imposing one
Monastery/ Convent
a community of persons devoted to religious life under a superior. Monks live in a monastery. Nuns live in a convent.
According to Sozomen what led Constantine to Byzantium
a divine hand
Terrace
a form of farming on a hill side with stepped ponds
Theocracy
a form of government in which a god or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, with the god's or deity's laws being interpreted by the religious authorities. Example: Pharoah
Inflation
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. Example. When Mansa Musa spent lots of gold in Alexandria.
Deity
a god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion).#
Empire
a group of states or countries under a single supreme leader. Example: emperor or empress.
Class
a grouping of people
Pilgrimage
a journey, esp. a long one, made to some sacred or holy place as an act of religious devotion. Ex. A Christian would do a ______________________________ to the Holy Land
Bureaucracy
a large organization that uses a particular system of administration. This system is characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a division of duties, strict rules of operation and documentation of actions performed.
shaykh
a master and teacher in Islam, such as the leader of an order in Sufism
heretics
a person who differs in opinion from established religious practice
Feudalism
a political and social order in which a ruler (king, lord) offered protection and land in exchange for service.
Sinification
a process where non-Chinese societies come under the influence of Chinese societies. Areas of influence include alphabet, diet, economics, language, law, lifestyle, religion, and cultural values. Ex. Both Japan and Korea experienced ________________________________.
Sinification
a process whereby non-Han Chinese societies come under the influence of Han Chinese state and society.
Surplus
a quantity much larger than is needed. *
Hierarchy
a ranking system
Shamanism
a religion characterized by belief in an unseen world of gods, demons, and ancestral spirits responsive only to the shamans. Religion of Genghis Khan and the Mongols
Dynasty
a series of leaders in the same family
Patriarchy
a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.
Schism
a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief
City-State
a state with political and economic control over a city and its surrounding farmland. Examples: Sumerians, Mayan
Social Stratification
a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy by status, wealth, power, etc.
Bureaucracy
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives Example: The Sui Dynasty (581 - 618) United China. Expanded bureaucracy and CS exam
Pilgrimage
a trip to a religious place, like the Hajj to Meca.
Under the Athens Direct Democracy every citizen had
a vote
In 1800 BCE there was a decline in India (Indus River Valley)cities were __________ by BCE. This may have happened due to draught, change in Indus River Levels, and/or declining trade.
abandoned
During the Iron Age Assyrian kings ruled with _________ power
absolute
Corruption
acting dishonestly as a government official. Example would be taking bribes.
Linguistic
adjective relating to language. Ex. The Bantu people can best be categorized as a _____________________ group.
Aryans were ____________ fighters.
advanced
There were incredible __________ during the Greek empire.
advancements
Because they buried their dead Neanderthals were thought to believe in ________.
afterlife
Scholars believed that early Paleolithic humans believed in an __________ and followed ceremonies that revolved around a Creator Deity.
afterlife
What were three important accomplishments of the Shang Dynasty?
agricultural revolution, era of city states, copper to bronze to iron to steel
identify two Sufi methods or disciplines
alfina (breathing/chanting and dancing), whirling dervish
Womans rights under the Justinian Code
all woman can own property, make contracts and will, and bring a lawsuit
The Spartan ____________ destroyed the Athenians.
alliance
Where did the Xiongnu invade China
along the northern borders
Impermanence
also called Anicca or Anitya, is one of the essential doctrines and a part of three marks of existence in Buddhism. The doctrine asserts that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is "transient, evanescent, inconstant".
sufi
an adherent of Sufism, the form of Islam characterized by a mystical approach to Allah, who is experienced inwardly
Abrahamic
an adjective that refers to any or all of the religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) that revere Abraham, the Biblical patriarch.
Astrolabe
an instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant. I
Like Egyptians, Ancient China believed in life after death, but unlike Egyptians, they practiced _____________.
ancestor veneration
The Harsh rule of Shi Huandgi _________ many in his Empire.
angered
Neanderthals made clothes from
animal skins
Paleolithic communities believed that there were spirits in all animals and objects. This is called
animism
Shrewish means
annoying
How did the Romans make sure people had water before pumps?
aquaducts
jihad
arabic for "exertion" or "struggle"
Only about 10 % of the land along the Huang River was
arable
why does Arabia enjoy a special status in Islam
arabs currently make up over 50% of the entire Muslim population and Muslim sacred sites are located in Arabia, and arabic is the language of Islam
Romans persecuted Christians, and threw them into ___ with _________,
arenas, wild animals
All river valley civilizations created _____.
art
The Paleolithic religion was expressed in _________________.
art in the form of cave paintings
Chinampas
artificial Islands used for farming made by piling mud from the lake on rafts -> floating gardens. Example: Aztecs
River Valley Civiliazations
as agriculture spread different areas began to grow different crops that were suited to their environment. These places wehre people began to settle down, grow crops, and start villages.
9 kings after Darius 6 were __________. This weakened the Empire
assassinated
Alexander the great ___________ the cultures of his conquered regions into a common culture called____________.
assimilated, Hellenistic culture
Confucianism emphasized respect for _____.
authority
Utilizing the Hoplite, the Greeks were very effective in _____
battle
The Romans, building a navy, defeated Carthage in the 1st Punic war. The Carthaginians would
be back
why is Allah thought to be as genderless
because maleness and femaleness are human qualities and would thus limit God's nature.
Abated
become less intense or widespread (ended)
Like Confucianism Daoism stresses proper forms of _____.
behavior
what is the Muslim view of the natural world
being the creation of Allah, is good and worthy of reverence.
Shamanism
belief in an unseen world of gods, demons, and ancestral spirits responsive only to the shamans
Claim
belief that somebody had about something???
Confucianism believed that rulers should be
benevalent
Holy book of Christianity
bible
Shi Huangdi held mass ___ to get rid of ideas contrary to what he believed.
book burnings
when and where was Muhammad born
born about AD 570 into the leading tribe of Mecca, a city on the Arabian Peninsula that was an important center of commerce and trade.
What is reincarnation
bring reborn into this world lifetime after lifetime
Because of the Xiongnu threats and attacks the Qin Empire began
building the Great Wall of China
Neanderthals were the first to ______ their dead.
bury
Muhammad's wife Kadihah was an extremely successful _______.
business women
What were the Egypt river valley achievements? (5)
calendar, mummification, papyrus paper, written language of hieroglyphics, and strong cultural identification
3rd pillar of Islam
calls for fasting, which takes place during Ramadan (9th month of the Muslim year)
describe the Qur'an's size and structure and identify its original language
can be compared to Jesus Christ's role for Christianity. It is about four-fifths the size of the New Testament and is divided into 114 suras or chapters. Originally written in Arabic
Knowledge of Nile flooding allowed ancient Egyptians to build elaborate _________ to irrigate the desert.
canals
River valley civilizations created monumental architecture including
canals, pyramids, and city defences
The Aryans established a social system called a _______ system.
caste
Neanderthals lived in _____ and ____
caves and tents
1st pillar of Islam
central creedal statement, confession of faith known as the Shahada
The Qin Dynasty had a __ power to avoid another civil war
centralized
The decline of the Roman Republic occurred as rome expanded and continued to
change
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share many _____ and ________.
characteristics and holy figures
_______ was founded by Jesus Christ who was crucified around AD 33 in ________
christianity, Palestine
The Christian place of worship is called a
church
Large scale building occured after the Nika Riots including (3)
churches, statues, and entertainment venues
Rome was successful because they extended roman _________ and allowed states to run internal ________.
citizenship, affairs
When Sparta invaded Athens Pericles allowed people from the countryside to move inside the _____.
city
Sumer: Ur and Uruk =
city states
Confucianism helped establish China's ________ exam system.
civil service
After the death of Shi Huandgi there was another period of __________.
civil war
As the Roman Republic expanded and faced many challenges including government and army challenges a _____ broke out.
civil war
The Han Dynasty collapsed due to a number of reasons. ________ broke out after it's fall
civil war
Ancient Mesopotamians wrote on ________.
clay tablets
The environmental changes which occurred during the Bronze age included
climate change, drought, and volcanos
A Hoplite battle unit used a ___ formation that created a wall of _____ to protect the soldiers
close, shields
The aryans were the first to use cotton as ________.
cloth
Hinduism is the oldest _________ religion
codified
Romans built aquaducts. THey also used _____ to build massive structures including
coliseum, temples, roads
220 AD Han Dynasty _____
collapsed
The Western Empire at Rome ________, The Eastern Empire, with it's capital at Constantinople would _________.
collapsed, continue.
The greeks became overcrowded and began to spread out and started new ____ that eventually became _______.
colonies, city-states
The Greak influences on Latins were due to Greek ___________:
colonization
what is the meaning of the term shi'i
comes from the shi'at'all, which means "partisans of Ali."
After victories many Greeks would have _________ pots made
commemorative
In Paleolithic society fires created a space to gather and ________ during the night.
communicate
Xi Jianping sees confucianism as a way to enforce the ______ party's power.
communist.
Mulims emphasize the ______ of _________.
community of muslims
Dao humanity was
compassion
The Legalism ruler did not have to show ___________.
compassion
During the Bronze Age civilizations were in full swing with ____ government
complex
The Romans were incredible builders, this helped with new technology like _____ and the ____.
concrete and the arch
Current Chinese Leader Xi Jianping is focusing on _______
confucianism
Unlike the Qin, the Han adopted ______. But they kept the Civil Service Exams from the ______.
confucianism, Qin
The fall of constantinople and the Byzantine Empire would have major ______ for the world
consequences
The Great Schism was a break between Rome and Constantinople which _____________
continues today
Like Christianity, Buddhism had early ___________ rates.
conversion
Theodora gave her speech to remain and fight. Her words ______ the crown and rebellon successfully crushed ______ were killed
convinced, 30,000 rioters
Aryans grew
cotton and spices
What textile was developed by the Han Dynasty?
cotton cloth
muhammad
creator of Islam
Writing systems were _____ to passing down knowledge, tracking records, establishing law codes and writing stories.
critical
Roman Geography included flat geography which allowed for growing _______.
crops
Confucianism influenced China's ________ to this day.
culture
What are the 9 characteristics of Empire and States
culture, government, social class, writing, literature, architecture/arts, religion, lifestyle, worldview
The ice age ended when ice bridges melted. Distinct ________ began to establish
cultures
Because Mesopotamia did not have natural borders life was __________ and _________. They were more prone to attacks and believed that the gods were angry.
dangerous and unpredictable.
Augustus Ceasar decaared that the Emperor of Rome, the Republic is
dead
Shahadah
declaration of faith, I bear witness that there is no god but god; I bear witness that Muhammad is the prophet of god
Athens was the birthplace of
democracy
Cyprus the greate ended the second _______.
diaspora
Cooked food is easier to ______ allowing more nutrients to be absorbed.
digest
Rome was successful because they had a good
diplomatic ambassador
Jesus gathered 12 ________ to help spread the __________.
disciples, gospel
The decline of the Roman Republic occurred because poor landowners grow _____ creating growth of _____
disgruntled, instability
Class Divisions
division into rigid groupings, such as in Hinduism
Because each person was a member of their polis and not a state there was _____ among city states and no _____ of Greece.
division, unity
Muslim woman have the rights to: (2)
divorce, inherit property,
three specific points of contention are commonly cited by critics with women
divorce, polygamy, and the wearing of the veil
Early man began to ____________ and ______________ around 10,000 BC this started the Neolithic Revolution.
domesticate animals and farm crops
Classical Greece had ___________ expansion
dramatic
sufism
draws its adherents from both Sunnism and Shi'ism
Dao focused on ____ and ____.
duty and humanity
Buddhism teaches you can escape suffering by giving up _____ desires.
earthly
what is teh literal meaning of the term qur'an
earthly center of Islam
islamic dietary regulations forbid
eating pork and drinking alcoholic beverages
In Rome both men and women were _____. Males were _______. Most women were required to have a ________ with them.
educated, head of household, guardian
What type of animal did Hannibal use in war
elephants
The second Punic War 218 to 201 BC Carthage was ____ by 1st Punic War and vowed revenge
embarrased
Iron Age kingdoms kept direct contact with the people who helped administer their
empire
The Iron Age was a new __________
empire
Roman expansion led to conflict with established
empires
During the Bronze age Collapse there were _____ and ______ changes
environmental and cultural changes
In gods eyes everyone was ________.
equal
For God so loved the world he sent his only begotten son so that whoever believes in him would not perish but have ________.
everlasting life.
Why were woman attracted to Christianity?
everyone was equal, empowered poor and powerless
In Ancient India the untouchables are
evil men
During the Great Schism/Break in the Church fights esculated between groups both groups _______ each other and two separate _____ were created
excommunicated, churches
Darius I came after Cyrus, he ________ the Persian Empire greatly and established ______ to help manage the huge empire.
expanded, Satrapies
The Paleolithic culture used art to
explain the world around them (supernatural forces that controlled their world)
Hammarabis code
eye for an eye
Christians believe that they are saved by ________ and _______.
faith and good works
What are the five Pillars of Islam?
faith, prayer, almsgiving (or charity) to the poor, fasting
clan
family may also be referred to as
Sawm
fast during the month of Ramadan
Muslims _____ for one lunar month each year, a period called _____.
fast, Ramadan
Aryans could clear jungle around the Ganges for _________.
fertile farm land
What does impassioned mean
filled with or showing great emotion
Social class in ancient civilizations of the river valley was enforced by ____ or ____.
fines or punishment
Homo Erectus used _______ to cook food and give off heat.
fire
Homo Erectus was believed to be the first to control _____.
fire
Paleolithic communities - most important invention
fire
Zoroastrianism was the ________ monotheistic religion.
first
The roman geography was (high or flat)
flat
Dao duty was
focus on family
coerce means to ______
force
The Byzantine Empire was threatened by many
foreign groups
what leads to sin?
forgotfullness
Jericho
found in ancient Palestine near the Dead Sea. It was in existence by 8000 BCE
Sub-Saharan
from or forming part of the African regions south of the Sahara desert.
Age of Exploration
from the end of the 15th century to the 18th century, was an informal and loosely defined European historical period marking the time period in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and the beginning of globalization.
In Paleolithic communities women were mainly in charge of
gathering fruits and berries
Athens faced a serious _________ disadvantage from the start of the Peloponnesian war.
geographical
The Greek _____ forced them to create city-states and focus on maritime trade.
geography
Zakah
give money to charity
What is Moksha
goal of human existence, escape from cycle of reincarnation to join with the Brahman
Greek culture believe in multiple _______ who lived ________.
gods, on top of Mt. Olympus
Some river valley civilization rulers were seen as _____ or _____ for the _____.
gods, patrons, gods
benevalent means
good
Virtues are
good things
Shi successfully unified China and instituted a number of reforms to make _______ easier.
governance
River valley civilizations had strong central
governments
Mauryan's __________, Ashoka, grew the empire of the Mauryan Dynasty.
grandson
Greek influence on the latin people of italy included an influence on agriculture with the cultivation of the
grape and olive
Cyrus the great ruled form 559 to 530 BCE ans was a _______ leader
great
Veneration
great respect; reverence. In several cultures, like in China or Africa, the ancestor __________________________ is the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living.
Alexander the Great had to suppress some ____ after his father's death.
greek revolts
The intricate city plans of India (Indus River Valley) Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro included:
grid patterned streets, sewage system, garbage chutes, and multi-story buildings
Kin
group of family and close relations
Paleolithic communities were organized by small __________ of about 20-40 people, of _____.
groups, kin
The Fall of Constantinople marked the regular use of ______ in combat
gun powder
The Babylonians King Nebuchadnezzar constructed the _____ gardens of Babylon, 7 wonders of the world
hanging
Daoism, like Confucius, started during the Warring States Period, emphasized ________ with nature.
harmony
Daoism emphasizes ________ with _________.
harmony with nature
Confucianism is ________, Legalism is even more ________ and Daoism is ___________.
harsh, harsh, equal
From the age of 9 Hannibal's father made him swear to always
hate Romans
Social Inequality
having classes where some people ranks higher than others. Example Hindusim.
Polygamy means
having many wives
Christians believe in _______ and _______.
heaven and hell
The Assyrian Empire brutally enforced
hegemony
In Buddhism rich and prosperous families gave up riches to ______.
help the poor
In Paleolithic society fire was an important invention for man because:
helped cook food, provided security, provided safety, may have facilitated the invention of language
Iron Age transportation/courier system was a system on _________ used to deliver messages
horseback
The Xiongnu mastered the art of fighting on ________ using ______ archers to attack.
horseback, horse
Assyrians were excellent ______ with an excellent ________
horsemen, military
The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) Pharaoh was seen as more _____________ and ________________ of the people.
human and caretaker
Because humans have extra food and a permanent home after settling after the ice age
human populations began to grow causing cities to grow larger
God sent his son to earth to save __________ from the consequences of its _________.
humanity, sins
Hominids
humans and other mammals that walk upright
Because humans began to settle after the ice age
humans began to domesticate animals and grow crops
Because the ice age came to an end
humans began to settle along fertile river valleys
Because there was an ice age
humans had to feed themselves by hunting and gathering.
The Persians were ______ by Greeks at ________. Xerxes the next Persion leader vows to avenge his __________.
humiliated, Marathon, father
Early Humans were _______________ during the Ice Age.
hunter-gatherers
In Paleolithic communities everyone in the group was responsible for
hunting and gathering
In Paleolithic communities men were mainly in charge of
hunting wild game
Early man lived during the _____ age.
ice
During the ice age large portions of the world were connected via _________.
ice bridges
Alexander the great would have a long lasting ____ on the world.
impact
During the Nika Conquer Riots Justinian and other royals wanted to leave. Theodora gives an _________ speech for remaining and fighting
impassioned
critical means
important
Classical Greece made cultural ___________
improvements
Moksha
in Hinduism, this is the release from the cycle of rebirth that the highest caste can achieve if dharma is followed and karma is generated
meager
inadequate, lacking quality
two modern nations whoe goverment isbased on the Shari'a
including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan
Fall of the Roman Empire - as Rome expanded they faced a number of issues. What are 5 of these issues?
inflation, military dependence on mercenaries, moral decay, political problems, invasions
Sparta was located _______ the __________navy was no good against them.
inland, Athenian
Hoplite troops were disciplined to hold a line which created a nearly ______ forest of points to the front
inpenetrable
Aryans used ___________ tools and weapons.
iron
Assyrians utilizing ______ were able to dominate large portions of the Middle East.
iron
Colonization
is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.
Classical Era
is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome
Toleration
is the acceptance of an action, object, or person which one dislikes or disagrees with
Sub-Saharan
is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.
The first Greek civilizations, in the form of city-states, emerged on islands and valleys _______ from others
isolated
China along the Huang River developed in __________ from Mesopotamia, Egypt and Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. This was ended by the ___________.
isolation, Silk Road
Hinduism belief in ______________ - doing good things will bring good to you and do ill then bad will happen to you.
karma
excommunicated
kicked out of church
Decimate
kill, destroy, or remove a large percentage or part of
The Satraps of the Persian Empire protected the ________, collected __________, provided justice and security, and got ________ for the army.
kingdom, taxes, soldiers
The decline of the Roman Republic occurred because the army came from _____, urban poor joined _____, generals involved in _____. All of these pieces caused_____.
landless farmers, promised land, politics, instability
The people of Italy were
latins
The Justinian Code was a ___________
law code
Legalism's fear from harsh punishment would keep people from breaking _______.
laws
Complacent means
lazy
Confucius is similar to
legalism and daoism
Most ancient writing systems were
legophonetic
Plebians were mad up of ____________ landholders, crafts people, merchants, and small farmers.
less wealthy
qur'an
literally "reading" or "recitation"
homo erectus
lives in Africa and uses large tools
When Muhammad was pushed out by wealthy merchants he fled but he was able to gain support of ___________ and was able to defeat the merchants and _____________.
local tribes, spread his teachings
Emperor Justinian worked to recover
lost lands of Rome
Plebians were the __________ of the Roman Republic
lower class
Plebians were the workers made up the _____ of the population.
majority
Hajj
make a pilgrimage to Mecca if it is financially possible
Hoplites were _____ citizens who normally owned property or business and could afford bronze armor, weapons, and training
male
Patriarchy means
males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.
China established along waterway independent from any other civilizations. They believed in the ___________ where you received your power to rule from heavan.
mandate of heavan
What is Devas
manifestations of Brahman that are active in the world and who help to maintain order
The writing of a legal code standardizes the coe so that it is not as easily
manipulated
Athans focused on trade and _____ empire
maritime
briefly describe the Night of Power and Excellence
marks the beginning of Muhammad's career as a prophet.
In Buddhism all ill in the world is because of human attachment to ________________________.
material or worldly things
The balanceof Ying and Yang is found in _____ and _____.
medicine and rituals
Egypt achievements
medicine, pyramids, hieroglyphics
Egalitarian society
men and woman were considered equal to eachother
Han Dynasty officials and rulers were chosen by ______ rather than birth.
merit
Other empires took advantage of the Bronze Age Collapse by stabilizing their monarchy and developing the strongest army in the ____________.
middle east
After Muhammad's death Islam spread through the ___________ and ___________
middle east and north Africa
Alexander the great is considered one of the greatest _____ leaders of all time.
military
Warlords (of China - Huang River - Shang Dynasty)
military leaders who command their own armies and who are put in charge of territories of land
Islam worshippers are called to worship from __________.
minarets
The Justinian code is the basis for may __________ day law codes
modern
The fall of the Roman Empire was due to a number of reasons. One reason was inflation and the increased spending of the military. What was inflation?
money was worth less
islam is...
monotheistic
The Babylonians were an advanced civilization that built _________ architecture like the Hanging Gardens
monumental
Under Caesar Rome became an empire and a number of reforms occur (5)
more land for the poor, large building projects and jobs for poor, larger senate gave ceasar more power, a new calendar of 365 days
Greece had to trade for ________.
most goods
Chandragupta Maurya united
most of India
The Greek Geography included many ____
mountains
Greece was isolated by
mountains, hills, and seas
who is Ishmael, and what is his place in Islam
moved to Mecca and became the ancestor of the Arabs.
5th pillar of Islam
must make their pilgrimage or hajj to Mecca
Indigenous
native, originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country
Roman Geography included __________ barriers
natural
In 30,000 BCE Homo sapiens sapiens replace _______
neanderthals
The first humans were
neanderthals
insatiable
never satisfied
what does heir mean
next leader
The Jewish see Jesus as a ____________ person
normal
inconceivable
not capable of being imagined or grasped mentally; unbelievable.
Foreign
not native
Impermanence
not permanent. This is one of the essential doctrines in Buddhism. The doctrine asserts that all of existence, without exception, is "transient, evanescent, inconstant".
Rome collapsed for a _____ of different reasons.
number
Hinderance menas
obsticle
The caste system is based upon __________ and ____________.
occupation and family ties
Matrilineal
of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.
Matrilineal
of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line. Ex. Many African societies traced lineage through the mother, and were therefore ________________, even though these societies were patriarchal, as men usually held political power.
Foreign
of, from, in, or characteristic of a country or language other than one's own.
Sunni
one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.
Shia
one of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true successor.
Jike Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Confucius' teaching was ____.
opposed
Estruscan Kings were seen as
outsiders
The decline of the Byzantine Empire was due to the Byzantine Military becoming
overstreched
Along the Nile Papyrus plants grew and were used to create
paper
All river valley civilization societies were
patriarchy
tranquility
peace
Liu Bang a man of ______ origin was the founder of the ______ Dynasty
peasant, Han
Early conversion rates means
people believed in that religion
Elite
people who have power over those under them.
Mosques contain only designs, there are no
people, animals or furniture
As Rome expanded it came into contact with many different
peoples
When the gods created Gilgamesh they gave him the _____ body. Shamash the glorious sun endowed him with beauty, Adad the god of the storm endowed him with _____... terrifying like a wild bull. Two-thirds they made him god and one-third man.
perfect, courage (Epic of Gilgamesh)
Christians believed that they can have a ______ relationship with God.
personal
Basic beliefs of Buddhism
persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating their attachments to worldly things
The New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (1567-1652 BC) had key ________________ like Hatshepsut (first female pharaoh).
pharaohs
The word Mosque comes from the Arabic word for
place of prostration
Subordination
placed in or belonging to a lower order or rank
Overcrowding of the Athens city led to a ________ that killed 1/3 of the people
plague
Harappa/mohenjo-daro achievements
pluming and sewage system
There was no direct evidence of a _____________ structure in India (Indus River Valley)
political
Hinduism is a ____________ religion that is still practiced by millions of people around the world.
polytheistic
Soil in Greece was ______ for agriculture.
poor
Christianity empowered the ____ and _____.
poor and powerless
a food surplus in Rome led to a large
population
Peasants struggled during the Han Dynasty because
population growth reduced the amount of available farm land
What were reasons the Han Dynasty fell? (5)
population, finances, rivalries, complicated bureaucracy, Norther invaders
The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) had massive public works project to benefit the ___________.
population.
Confucianism believed that social hierarchy is
positive
The Laws and politics of Rome were __________ and created institutions that responded to ______.
practical, problems
2nd pillar of Islam
prayer
When Jesus was 30 years old he began to _____.
preach
Christian services are led by a ___, ____, or ____.
priest, pastor, or reverand
Leadership of Christianity
priests, ministers, monks, nuns
How did development along the Tiber river protect Romans?
protected from Navy
Mauryan Dynasty (324-183 BC) divided India into ____________ and ___________ his power.
provinces and concentrated
After the death of Alexander the great the empire was divided into
ptolemys
Rome fought 3 wars against the Carthaginians called the
punic Wars
During the Qin Dynasty people who oppsed rule were ______ or ______.
punished or executed.
Sparta would ____ the population of the foes it defeated
purge
The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2700-2200 BC) built _________ .
pyramids
The Indus River monsoons were critical in bringing ________ to farmers and __________ helped push ships for _______.
rain, winds, trade
Farming
raising crops, like the three sistors
As teh Republic, and later Empire, the legal code was expanded to apply to everyone, a universal law based on
reason
If womeone in Mesopotamia hit a person of a higher rank that person would
receive 60 strokes with an oxtail whip in public
Emperor Justinian wanted to ____ the Roman lands that were lost when Rome was separated into two halves.
reconquer
Egalitarian
relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Divine
relating to or coming from God or a god
Paleolithic
relating to or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used. * The Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools. *
Neolithic
relating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.
Unlike Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia had no natural barriers, consequently, this altered their belief in _____________.
religion
No separation between ________________ and _________
religion and state
Cyrus the great of Persia treated conquered peoples fairly by allowing them to keep their own __________ and ________.
religions and customs
monotheistic
religions with one god
Cyrus the great ruled with _____ tolerance of other cultures
religious
Endure
remain in existence or last
Sedentary
remaining in one place *
The Immortals numbers were never allowed to fall below 10,000. To maintain this number they were .....
replaced from behind so they appeared to never die
The Romans kicked out the Etruscans and over the next 200 years united the Italian Peninsula under a
republic
the muslim practice of daily prayer
required to pray five times a day: early morning, noon, mid afternoon, sunset, and evening. Prayer requires ritual washing of the hands and face, prostration in the diresction Mecca, and other ritual movements.
Filial Piety
respect family and authority
The location of Constantinople made it ideal for trade, defense and connecting teh Byzantine Empire with the
rest of the world
People under Cyrus the Great of Persia's rule were less likely to _____ because of his respect of people.
revolt
Pastoralism
revolution of domestication, 11,500 years ago, alternative food producing in 4000 BCE, raising livestock, where agriculture wasn't possible, kinship based groups or clans, women were higher status, supported smaller populations, connected to agricultural neighbors, mounted warfare military advantage. Huge part in Eurasian history, Mongol influence, utilized all land, military strength
affluent
rich
During the Bronze age societies were stratified _____ versus _____
rich versus poor
Lucrative trade routes brought goods from around the world into Rome. What does lucrative mean?
rich, lots of money
Human civilization began along ___________ in Mesopotamia, the Nile, the Indus, and in China.
river valleys
Like other ancient civilizations, China developed along key ___________.
rivers and water ways
Rome was successful because ____ allowed soldiers to be deployed quickly
roads
Rome was successful because they built towns connected by _____
roads
Nomadic
roaming about from place to place to survive. Both men and women were responsible for finding enough food to eat.
Hoplites carried a 3 things
round shield, short sword, thrusting spear
The roman empire was divided into Western and Eastern Empires they were too large to _____.
rule
The Roman Patricians were great landowners, they were the
ruling class
Vedas
sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests
Fire provided ________ from hungry, larger, animals and from enemy clans in Paleolithic society.
safety
Circumnavigate
sail or travel all the way around (something, especially the world).
Circumnavigate
sale all around the world. Example: Magellan
The Justinian code was created to ensure every where was under the
same law
The Satrapies provinces of the Persian Empire were ruled by a governor called a
satrap
After the fall of Canstantiople and the trade routes to china and india being cut off Europeans began to look for new ways to Trade with China and India via
sea routes
In Rome during events men and women were not
segregated
What is Dharma
set of spiritual duties and obligations that must be fulfilled to achieve moksha
As the Ice Age ended humans began to __________.
settle
The effects of the fall of Constantinople included the land trade routes to China and India being _____by Ottoman Turks
severed
If your husband does something wrong, gently correct him.... Don't imitate those __________ women who love to clash head with their husbands all of the time. (Confucianism Analects for Women)
shrewish
The _________ roads was established after Ashoka.
silk
Shang China achievements
silk, cast iron
Were Australopithecus large or small?
small
Why did Hammurabi write down the laws?
so people won't do bad stuff, everyone would know laws so abusive ruler can't change the law.
Warfare which broke out between Chines nobles at the end of the Zhou dynasty led to a period of upheaval and chaos. This caused people to think about the best way to restore (3 things)
social order, harmony, respect for authority
Due to chaos during the Warring States Period, Chinese began to look at new philosophies to organize ______..
society
Agrarian
society whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland. *
River valley civilizations were an organized ____ by _____ if necessary
society, force
Rome was successful because they had skilled persistent ______ and brilliant _____.
soldiers, strategists
Christian believed that Jesus Christ was the ________.
son of god
During the Peloponnesian War with the help of the Persian navy, the ___________ captured _____________ and stripped it of its fleet and empire.
spartans, Athens
five pillars
specific religious and ethical requirements for Muslims: the confession of faith (shahada), praer or worship, fasting during Ramadan, wealth sharing, and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
Cultural diffusion
spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another. Example: Caused by the Crusades
After Darius, Persian kings became complacent. They were content to
stay in palaces
In the Aryan Caste system in India if you were born into one class you _________.
stayed in that class
The Han Dynasty developed _____ for stronger and more durable tools and weapons.
steel
During the Neolithic Revolution advancement of 3 items occured
stone tools, better clothing, pottery for food storage
Indian society was like Ancient Egypt , very ____________ between different social classes.
stratified
For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will _____ the first born in the land of ________ both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute the judgments - I am the Lord.
strike down, Egypt
The Assyrian empire utilized Iron which allowed them to make _______ to defeat enemies.
stronger weapons
During the Han Dynasty peasants _______.
struggled
All river valley civilization had powerful governments that were able to coerce the population into ____.
submission
In Confucianism women are considered to be ______ to men
submodinate
Confucianism emphasized social hierarchy, women were _____.
subordinate
Hunters and gathers lived a _____________ lifestyle.
subsistance
Roman Geography played a key role in their_____ as an empire.
success
The Han Dynasty Fell from its own _____
success
Theocratic
system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
Hannibal's war elephants were modern day
tanks
After Darius, Persian kings became complacent. They increased ______ and isolated the ________.
taxes, empire
Under the Han Dynasty many were forced to sell their land and become _____ farmers while wealthy land owners gained much of the land.
tenant
Holy book of Confucianism
the Analects, the Five Classics
The Great Schism in Canstantinople was
the Break in the Church
Hajj
the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.
mosque
the Muslim place of worship, traditionally a structure that includes a prayer hall and an enclosed courtyard, with towers called minarets at the corners
mosque
the Muslim place or building of worship, traditionally including a prayer hall and courtyard, with towers called minarets at the corners
Codification
the action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan.#
Colonization
the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the native people of an area.
al-fana
the aim of Sufi mystics; the extinction of one's sense of separate existence before achieving union with Allah
who appeared to Muhammad in a dream on the Night of Power and Excellence
the archangel Gabriel
Animism
the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.
Polytheism
the belief in or worship of more than one god.
what has made the Shi'ism more politically volatile than Sunnism
the belief in the return of Muhammad al-Mahdi and the general emphasis on the imam as an authority figure
Umma
the community of all Muslims
Agriculture
the consistent growing of cops on a continuing basis
The resurrection is
the day that Jesus rose from the dead
Culture
the different ways that people express themselves
What allowed for the Neolithic Revolution?
the discovery of agriculture
Diaspora
the dispersion of any people from their original homeland. This term often refers to Jewish dispersion beyond Israel. King Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE began the Babylonian Captivity, the first ________________, or scattering, of the Jewish people. They are freed by Cyrus the Great, return to Jerusalem and rebuild their city. They are eventually conquered by the Romans and become the Roman province of Judea. The Romans destroy the Temple of Jerusalem for the second time in 70 CE thus starting the Second ______________________. The second ____________________, many believe, ended with the establishment of the Nation of Israel in 1948.
Dharma
the divine law that requires all people do their duty based on their caste.
Shari'a
the divine law, derived from the qur'an and the sunna, encompassing all and setting froth in detail how Muslims are to live
sunni
the division of Islam practiced by most Muslims, named after the Sunna
Monotheism
the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
hijra
the emigration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later called Medina in AD 622)
Nirvana
the end of pain and suffering state of enlightenment- in the Buddhist religion
What is Brahman
the eternal being, created and preserves the world, everything in the world is an aspect of Brahman
What was the Civil Service Exam
the exam you had to pass to be able to work in the government during the Han Dynasty
muslims consider Muhammad to be the Seal of the Prophets because they believe that he is
the final prophet, revealing the will of Allah fully and precisely and for all time
Shahada
the first pillar of Islam; the tradition's central creedal statement
Karma
the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life.
The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2050-1652 BC) was called what age?
the golden age or age of stability
Chivalry
the idea of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility. It was a code of ethics that Knights were supposed to uphold similar to the: Samurai. Bushido.
Florida
the island chains of Japan would stretch from Canada to ____.
imam
the leader fo the Friday worship service who also delivers a sermon (spiritual leader)
Shia's believed that
the leader of Islam should come from Muhammad's family
Sunnis believed that
the leader of Muslims were appointed from consensus/election
Economy
the management of wealth and resources of an area
caliphs
the military and political leaders of the Muslim community who succeeded Muhammad after his death
Ramadan
the month-long period during which Muslims fast from dawn until sunset each day
hajj
the pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are to make at least once in their lifetime, if they can afford it and are physically able
Heaven
the place where God or gods live. Also where human rulers often said their power came from.
What does Prolific mean?
the power to reproduce in kind or to assist in reproduction - (writing a lot)
Rationalism
the principle or habit of accepting reason as the supreme authority in matters of opinion, belief, or conduct.
Philosophy
the rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics. Philosophy is a set of ideals, standards or beliefs used to describe behavior and thought. An example of philosophy is Buddhism.
Reincarnation
the rebirth of an individual's soul in a different form after death.
Centralized government means
the rule resided in one individual who assigned responsibility to others
China's unique government along the Huang River was described as centralized, what does this mean?
the rule resided in one individual who assigned responsibility to others.
Linguistic
the scientific study of the structure, sounds, and meaning of language.
Who is Alexander the Great and why was he important?
the son of Philip II, became king of Macedonia, and he defeats the Persians
What is Atman
the soul, each person has one that is an aspect of Brahman, can't ever be destroyed
Ka'ba
the stone cubical structure in the courtyard of mecca's Great Mosque that is regarded by muslims as the sacred center of the Earth
Karma
the sum effect of a person's actions, good and bad, which helps shape future experiences
Bronze Age
the time in history when bronze was used as the primary metal
Society (Paleolithic Characteristics)
the way that people organize themselves compared to each other - rich vs poor, men vs women, children vs adult, etc.
What were the achievements of Mesopotamia? (5)
the wheel, the plow, written language (cuneiform), epics, number system with base 60 and 360 degress
Columbian Exchange
the widespread transfer of: plants and animals, diseases, culture, human population, technology and ideas. Between the Americas and Europe/Africa in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries beginning with Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage
According to the ____________________ human life began in Africa and gradually evolved over millions of years.
theory of evolution
What theory says that modern day humans evolved from the great apes over millions of years and migrated out of Africa?
theory of evolution
animism
there are spirits in all animals and objects
Basic beliefs of Christianity
there is only one god, who watches over and cares for his people, Jesus was the sone of god. He died to save humanity from sin. His death and resurrection made eternal life possible for others.
Evidence
things such as artifacts, about which little information is given, requiring scientists to make educated guesses
Hinduism is the _____ largest religion in the world.
third
arable
this term means farmable
Assimilated means
to absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group
stratified
to arrange in a hierarchical order, especially according to graded status levels
Cultural Assimilation
to become like the culture that people move into.
stratified
to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or social strata (what is the term for this)
Veneration
to hold in high regard and honor, such as burning objects to accompany the dead.
Migration
to move from one country or place to live or work in another. Example: Bantu migration
Why did Alexander the Great turn to conquering the Persians?
to prove his strength
Domestication
to tame (an animal), to live in close association with human beings as a pet or work animal and usually creating a dependency so that the animal loses its ability to live in the wild. OR to adapt (a plant) so as to be cultivated by and beneficial to human beings.
Cyrus I practiced religious _______ on his defeated subjects.
tolerance
Homo Erectus used stone _____.
tools
Minarets
towers on the mosque corners
What was a Greece Polis
town, city, village
Why was writing important in river valley civilizations?
track records, trades, harvest, used as propoganda, talk about a ruler, establish law codes, write stories
Because their soil was poor it was necessary for Greece to _____.
trade
During the Bronze Age _______ was occurring regularly between large settlements
trade
The Hellenistic Culture spread by
trade
Islam came out of the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammad saw a vision from Gabriel and the Revelations became the Quran. Like Christianity, Muhammad was able to spread his message along ___________.
trade routes
Like Christianity, Buddhism spread along ________
trade routes
Greek Drama developed the
tradegy
Greece City-states developed _____ fleets and maritime culture.
trading
Using gun powder Cortez and Pissarro would decimate South/Central American _____.
tribes
Christians believed that Jesus Christ died for all mans sins and rose from the grave. Christians believe in the _______.
trinity
In Rome as both men and women were educated there was a demand for Greek
tutors
The ______ tables were the first code of Roman Law
twelve
After the death of Muhammad __________ was hard to maintain
unity
Warfare which broke out between Chines nobles at the end of the Zhou dynasty led to a period of _________ and ________.
upheaval and chaos
Aristocracy
upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to the next.
How did homo erectus walk?
upright
exploited
use (a situation or person) in an unfair or selfish way.
Jesus was born of the _________ and ____________.
virgin Mary and Joseph
Behold the ________ shall be with child and shall bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel which means ______.
virgin, god with us
The Zhou Dynasty Collapse led to the __________ period
warring states
Nomadic
way of life used by people who are not settled and rely on constantly migrating to find food.
During Justinian's reign, after the Nika riots inconceivable _________ flowed into the empire.
wealth
The New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (1567-1652 BC) brought huge __________ into Egypt
wealth
4th pillar of Islam
wealth sharing, helps ensure the economic welfare of the entire Muslim community. must share 2.5 %
The decline of the Roman Republic occurred because the government was dominated by
wealthy aristocrats
Iron Age Kingdoms were
well organized and efficient
Specialization of Labor
what happened when civilizations had a surplus of food. It allowed for different jobs from just hunting and gathering. Storage of surplus Goods. -> Encourage trade. -> Trading encourages more people to learn crafts. -> This led to a greater division specialization of Labor. -> Artisans became more skilled. -> More refine tools.
What was the Ides of March
when Ceasar was assassinated by the jealous senatorsOctavian
Hegemony
when one leader or group of people uses social and cultural qualities to control an area
Cause and Effect
when one thing happens it effects another
Most ancient writing systems were legophonetic meanig using a symbol to designate both ______ and ______.
whole words and particular sounds
Empress Theodora was ____ wife and _______ or co emperor
wife, co-regent
It is thought that during the Neolithic Revolution discovery of agriculture that ________ discovered agriculture.
women
Muslims stress the equality of
women
Paleolithic ____________ played a key role in ancient religion.
women
Who was not able to participate in the democracy of Athens?
women and slaves
In Buddhism to rid the world of ill you had to give up _________.
worldly things
Ancestry veneration is:
worship of ancestors and honoring them will protect the family
Cuneiform is
writing
What was the Epic of Gilgameshj?
writing about the heroic deeds of Gilgamesh, a Mesopotamian king over the City of Uruk
The Qin Dynasty unified ___________ Chinese
written
Hammarabis Code
written down laws to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy wicked and evil doers; so that the strong not harm the weak..., to further the well-being of mankind
Mesopotamia Sumer achievements
written language, cuneiform, wheel, sail, plow
One of the greivances of the Plebeians was the fact that Roman Law had no
written law code