Biblical Transmission Quiz

Linguistic evidence provides

-vocabulary -usage -syntax -context clues (geographical indicators, technology mentioned, etc.)

Jewish Biblical Corpus

1. The Torah (INSTRUCTION): AKA the Pentateuch, "5 Books of Moses" 2. Nevi'im (PROPHETS): covers time from the entrance of the Israelites into the Land of Israel until the Babylonian captivity of Judah (the period of prophecy) - Not chronological 3.Ketuvim (WRITINGS): 11 books

Apocrypha

A word that means "hidden." The term describes the extra section of Protestant Bibles where the additional Old Testament books of the Greek Septuagint from Catholic Bibles are placed. Done by Anglican and Lutheran bibles

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS)

Based on the Leningrad Codex, the oldest copy of the Tanak Footnotes based on these early version: Samaritan Pentateuch, Dead Sea Scrolls, Vulgate, and Peshitta

Urtext, Archetype, and Autograph

Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic seeks to reconstruct the original text

The Septuagint -- LXX

Greek translation of the Old Testament

Masorete

Hebrew for 'traditionalists" Active between 6th and 10th centuries and based primarily in Tiberias and Jerusalem and Iraq (Babylonia)

How to determine texts and dating?

Linguistic evidence and textual criticism

Oldest complete HB and what date?

The Septuagint (LXX) from 4th century BCE, Greek translation

These books are the latest and are from around what year?

the book of Esther and Daniel; 300 - 150 BCE

Deuterocanonical

the books which are part of a Christian OT but which are not part of the Hebrew canon AKA the 7 books the Catholics use

Who was the works of the Bible written for initially and why?

the upper class people because most people were illiterate

The oldest portions are from around ________ and those books are _______/_______ and _________

1100 BCE; the Song of Sea/ Miriam (Exodus 15) ; the Song of Deborah (Judges 5)

# books in Tanakh

24

The majority of the material comes from ________ years, from _________________

300; 700-400 BCE

# of books in the Protestant OT

39

# of books in Catholic OT

46

# of books in Orthodox OT

49

Most of the HB was written over the course of about _______ years, from _____________

500; 900 -400 BCE

Types of Textual Criticism

- Higher Criticism: seeks to establish the authorship, date, and place of composition of the original text The Documentary Hypothesis is one of the models historically used by biblical scholars to explain the origins and composition of the Torah -Lower Criticism: examines actual manuscripts anywhere in existence

Christian OT sections

1. (LAW) the 1sy 5 books or Pentateuch (Torah) 2. (HISTORY) the history books telling the history of the Israelites, from their conquest of Canaan to their defeat and exile in Babylon 3. (POETRY) the poetic and "Wisdom books" dealing, in various forms, with questions of good and evil in the world 4. (PROPHETS) the books of the biblical prophets, warning of consequences of turning away from God

The Aleppo Codex

Older than Leningrad Codex, but because parts have been missing since 1947, the Leningrad is the oldest that is complete. Siege of Jerusalem and Anti-Jewish riots caused them to be burned

The Leningrad Codex

Oldest complete copy of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew Dates from 10th century Masoretic text

Text Criticism

a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in texts, both manuscripts and printed books.

Canon

a collection or list of writings accepted as genuine or authoritative permanently established as being of high standard

Biblical Canon

a set of texts (or "books") which are a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture