Bio 10 Review Questions
_______________is used as fuel and ______________is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration.
Glucose...carbon dioxide
Which of these stages occur(s) in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
In muscle cells, fermentation produces_____________
Lactate and NAD+
Glycogen is___________
a polysaccharide found in animals
A hypothesis is a(n)______________
a proposed explanation for a set of observations
Four elements combine to make about 96% of the mass of the human body. What are the elements?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Choose the equation that describes aerobic cellular respiration most accurately.
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What name is given to the bond between water molecules?
hydrogen
In a neutral solution the concentration of____________
hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions
A(n) _____________is a proposed, testable explanation for an observation.
hypothesis
The __________________between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and helps the reaction proceed.
induced fit
Which of these organelles produces H202, as a by-product? nucleus flagellum mitochondrion peroxisome centrioles
peroxisome
ATP energizes other molecules in cells by transferring a(n) __________________to those molecules.
phosphate group
Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in_____________
plant cells and animal cells
The ______________is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?
Ionic
A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ______________covalent bond(s).
4
Which would be more abundant in a muscle cell immediately after exercise?
ADP and phosphate
_________________is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
Basal bodies
_______________is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
Cellulose
You make one batch of cookies with regular flour and another with cake flour.
Experiment
Cake flour works better than regular flour.
Hypothesis
All lipids share this characteristic.
Lipids don't dissolve in water.
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into______________
MRNA
_________________is anything that occupies space and/or has any substance.
Matter
The first electron acceptor.of cellular respiration is ______________
NAD+
You like some chocolate chip cookie recipes better than others.
Observation
You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it is likely to be a _______________ cell
Plant
Does the type of flour you use make a difference?
Question
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
RNA processing
Using cake flour makes the cookies soft, which you prefer.
Results
_______________are the sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
Which of these is a key feature of the scientific process?
Scientific hypotheses must be testable.
The ultimate source of energy in food is___________
The Sun
How do hypotheses differ from theories?
Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses.
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the ______________which allows the reaction to proceed much more quickly.
activation energy
The specific location within an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds is called the_____________
active site
Polypeptides are assembled from____________
amino acids
An ionic bond involves_______________
an attraction between ions of opposite charge
Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges_____________
are different ions
The smallest unit of matter that retain all of the physical properties of that type of matter is a(n)
atom
An enzyme is considered a(n) ________________because it speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
catalyst
Which of these is a polysaccharide? lactose cellulose galactose sucrose glucose
cellulose
Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimmin motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing_____________
chemical energy into kinetic energy
The scientific study of matter is called
chemistry
Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
The _______________is composed of DNA and protein.
chromatin
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called_____________
cohesion
A(n) ________________in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared.
control group
What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?
covalent
Which of these is a type of chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons?
covalent
High temperatures or changes in pH can __________________ an enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and biological activity.
denature
When a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will____________
donate H+ ions
DNA has the appearance of a___________
double helix
Lactose takes years to break down on its own. But if exposed to the protein lactase, the reaction proceeds very quickly, while lactase itself remains unchanged. Lactase is an example of a(n)______________
enzyme
What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?
ethyl alcohol
A(n) ________________differs from the control group by the one variable that is being tested in the experiment.
experimental group
As water freezes____________
its molecules move farther apart
Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because______________
many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
microtubules
Which of these is a source of lactose?
milk
During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy continually contract and power your muscle. What organelle is most likely abundant skeletal muscle cells?
mitochondria
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? nucleolus ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion chromatin
mitochondrion
A(n)_____________refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
molecule
If two or more atoms are bonded together, they form a(n)
molecule
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the______________
nucleolus
DNA is composed of building blocks called_____________
nucleotides
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Where is calcium stored?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
During an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of ________________binds to the enzyme and is broken down into one or more molecules of ________________which are released.
substrate ;product
Which of the following parts of a cell is most the shipping center of a company?
the Golgi apparatus
Science is________________
the inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-MRNA?
transcription
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of MRNA is used to construct a protein?
translation
A(n) _________________is a factor that changes during an experiment.
variable
