Bio 10 Review Questions

_______________is used as fuel and ______________is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration.

Glucose...carbon dioxide

Which of these stages occur(s) in the cytoplasm?

Glycolysis

In muscle cells, fermentation produces_____________

Lactate and NAD+

Glycogen is___________

a polysaccharide found in animals

A hypothesis is a(n)______________

a proposed explanation for a set of observations

Four elements combine to make about 96% of the mass of the human body. What are the elements?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Choose the equation that describes aerobic cellular respiration most accurately.

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

What name is given to the bond between water molecules?

hydrogen

In a neutral solution the concentration of____________

hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions

A(n) _____________is a proposed, testable explanation for an observation.

hypothesis

The __________________between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and helps the reaction proceed.

induced fit

Which of these organelles produces H202, as a by-product? nucleus flagellum mitochondrion peroxisome centrioles

peroxisome

ATP energizes other molecules in cells by transferring a(n) __________________to those molecules.

phosphate group

Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in_____________

plant cells and animal cells

The ______________is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?

Ionic

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ______________covalent bond(s).

4

Which would be more abundant in a muscle cell immediately after exercise?

ADP and phosphate

_________________is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

Basal bodies

_______________is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Cellulose

You make one batch of cookies with regular flour and another with cake flour.

Experiment

Cake flour works better than regular flour.

Hypothesis

All lipids share this characteristic.

Lipids don't dissolve in water.

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into______________

MRNA

_________________is anything that occupies space and/or has any substance.

Matter

The first electron acceptor.of cellular respiration is ______________

NAD+

You like some chocolate chip cookie recipes better than others.

Observation

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it is likely to be a _______________ cell

Plant

Does the type of flour you use make a difference?

Question

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?

RNA processing

Using cake flour makes the cookies soft, which you prefer.

Results

_______________are the sites of protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

Which of these is a key feature of the scientific process?

Scientific hypotheses must be testable.

The ultimate source of energy in food is___________

The Sun

How do hypotheses differ from theories?

Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses.

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the ______________which allows the reaction to proceed much more quickly.

activation energy

The specific location within an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds is called the_____________

active site

Polypeptides are assembled from____________

amino acids

An ionic bond involves_______________

an attraction between ions of opposite charge

Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges_____________

are different ions

The smallest unit of matter that retain all of the physical properties of that type of matter is a(n)

atom

An enzyme is considered a(n) ________________because it speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.

catalyst

Which of these is a polysaccharide? lactose cellulose galactose sucrose glucose

cellulose

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimmin motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing_____________

chemical energy into kinetic energy

The scientific study of matter is called

chemistry

Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

chloroplast

The _______________is composed of DNA and protein.

chromatin

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called_____________

cohesion

A(n) ________________in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared.

control group

What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?

covalent

Which of these is a type of chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons?

covalent

High temperatures or changes in pH can __________________ an enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and biological activity.

denature

When a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will____________

donate H+ ions

DNA has the appearance of a___________

double helix

Lactose takes years to break down on its own. But if exposed to the protein lactase, the reaction proceeds very quickly, while lactase itself remains unchanged. Lactase is an example of a(n)______________

enzyme

What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?

ethyl alcohol

A(n) ________________differs from the control group by the one variable that is being tested in the experiment.

experimental group

As water freezes____________

its molecules move farther apart

Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because______________

many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

Which of these is a source of lactose?

milk

During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy continually contract and power your muscle. What organelle is most likely abundant skeletal muscle cells?

mitochondria

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? nucleolus ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion chromatin

mitochondrion

A(n)_____________refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

molecule

If two or more atoms are bonded together, they form a(n)

molecule

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the______________

nucleolus

DNA is composed of building blocks called_____________

nucleotides

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Where is calcium stored?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

During an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of ________________binds to the enzyme and is broken down into one or more molecules of ________________which are released.

substrate ;product

Which of the following parts of a cell is most the shipping center of a company?

the Golgi apparatus

Science is________________

the inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-MRNA?

transcription

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of MRNA is used to construct a protein?

translation

A(n) _________________is a factor that changes during an experiment.

variable