BIO 100 Exam #3 Q's

An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair mate; all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. If an individual with wavy hair mates with an individual with straight hair, what is the probability that their child will have curly hair?

0%

Energy is measured in kilocalories. If 10,000 kilocalories of energy are available to the producers (in an ecosystem), how much usable energy will be available to the primary consumers?

1,000

Imagine you were the manager of a national park with cheetahs. The cheetahs feed primarily on gazelles, while the gazelles eat grass. It takes an acre of grassland to feed one gazelle, and it takes ten gazelles to feed one cheetah. You have a maximum of ten cheetahs when the system is functioning optimally. You would like to increase the cheetah population because people pay money to see the cheetahs. How much grassland do you need to double the cheetah population supported by this grassland?

200 acres

Flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, the F1 generation has pink flowers. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a pink-flowered plant, the progeny plants will be __________.

25% red, 50% pink and 25% white

In a certain plant, the alleles A, B, and C are dominant to the alleles a, b, and c. A plant with the genotype AABbcc will have the same phenotype as the plant with the genotype _____.

AaBBcc

The human immune system cannot effectively suppress the HIV virus on its own. What key feature of HIV makes it so hard to beat?

The HIV virus has an extremely high rate of mutation

HIV has become an important source of mortality for humans. If AIDS persists as a major factor for humans for many generations in the future, natural selection theory predicts that _____.

any heritable traits that help humans survive and reproduce in the presence of AIDS should become more frequent over time

An earthworm that feeds on the remains of plants and animals is acting as a _____.

detritivore

In a population with brown and green alleles for color, genetic drift

has more effect on the evolution of a small population

Incomplete dominance is a condition in plants and people where __________.

offspring have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parents

In an ecosystem, phytoplankton are _____.

producers

If color is an inherited trait in beetles, and birds are more likely to eat brown beetles than green beetles,

the frequency of the green allele will increase.

If two people with medium skin tone mated, all of their offspring would either have either medium or light skin tone

False

Strict food (only eats one certain thing) chains are very common in nature

False

These frogs will not reproduce in nature but if they would, their offspring would be viable. Because of this, they are considered the same species.

False

Color is an inherited trait in beetles. If brown beetles move into a population from a nearby island, which of the following statements is correct?

Gene flow causes the frequency of the brown allele to increase.

Why are they using more energy?

Heat is released when one uses energy

As proposed by Darwin, what sorts of traits are favored by natural selection?

Heritable traits that help individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than others in the same population.

A plant with the genotype AABbcc is __________.

Homozygous for two different genes

Identify the biotic factor of an ecosystem among the following options

Identify the biotic factor of an ecosystem among the following options

An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair mate; all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. What is the relationship between the alleles for hair texture?

Incomplete dominance

A red bull is crossed with a white cow and all of the offspring are roan, a shade between red and white. This is an example of genes that are _____.

Incompletely dominant

What happens to most of the energy in a food chain?

It is released into the environment as heat

How much of the usable energy available to the producers will be available to the tertiary consumers?

O.1%

The inheritance of human characteristics, such as height and weight, can best be described as __________.

Polygenic

You may have learned in a previous class that brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. While that is not entirely incorrect, it doesn't present the full picture. As you are aware, there are multiple shades of eye pigmentation including very light blue, blue, green, hazel, light brown, and dark brown. Which of the following modes of inheritance best exemplifies the many shades of eye color?

Polygenic inheritance

A cow eating grass is an example of a _____

Primary consumer

the insect is a

Primary consumer

In this example (insects eating the leaf), the leaf is a

Producer

A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The grass is a _____

Producers

Photosynthesis occurs in (carbon dioxide + water +light sugar + oxygen)

Producers

Respiration occurs in (sugar + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP)

Producers, consumers and decomposers

If the owl ate the shrew, the owl would be a

Quaternary consumer

Remember that color is an inherited trait in beetles. Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

Green beetles leave more offspring than brown beetles because they are better at finding food.

The clutch size of starlings ranges from 1 to 8. Over the years, ornithologists have marked chicks from different clutch sizes and recaptured the birds at a later date. Birds from clutches with 4 or 5 birds had higher recapture rates than birds from clutches of 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, or 8. What is this an example of?

Stabilizing

Height in sunflower plants varies greatly. However, shorter plants may not be able to compete with other plants for sunlight. Tall plants are more likely to fall over in a storm. Medium height plants have the best rate of survival. This is an example of:

Stabilizing selection

Small lizards have difficulty defending their territory, but large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. Which type of selection would act on body size in these lizards under these conditions?

Stabilizing selection

A human who just ate a hamburger is eaten by a shark while swimming. The shark is acting as a

Tertiary consumer

If a shrew ate the scorpion, the shrew would be a

Tertiary consumer

If the eagle eats both the rabbit and the fox, the eagle is a

Secondary and tertiary consumer

If a scorpion ate the insect larvae, the scorpion would be a

Secondary consumer

When a human eats a steak, the human is acting as a _____.

Secondary consumer

Which of the following is not an example of an abiotic factor?

Bacteria

A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The wolf is a(n) ______.

Consumer

The fossil record shows that the size of horses has increased over time. What is this an example of?

Directional

In a certain species of frog, variations of tadpole are found that are best adapted for water near the surface of the pond while others survive better near the pond's bottom. A third type seems to like water of mid-depth, however these do not survive as well as the shallow and deep-water tadpoles. What is this an example of?

Disruptive

Imagine a plant of extremely variable height that is pollinated by three different pollinators, one was attracted to short plants, another that preferred plants of medium height and a third that visited only the tallest plants. If the pollinator that preferred plants of medium height disappeared from an area, medium height plants would be selected against

Disruptive Selection

In a species of snail, dark-shelled individuals are better hidden from bird predators in the shady forest, while light-shelled individuals are better hidden in well-lit brushy edge areas. If there were no areas of intermediate brightness in this habitat, which type of selection would act on shell color in these snails?

Disruptive selection

"Ecology" is best defined as the study of ________.

The interaction between living organisms and their environments

Which organism would you expect to have the highest level of an environment chemical pollutant?

The large bird

A female lioness and a male leopard will reproduce in nature, however their offspring (leopans) are not viable. Because of this, they are considered different species

True

Could this couple produce offspring shorter than both of them? AaBbCC & AabbCc

Yes

Could this couple produce offspring taller than both of them? AaBbCC & AabbCc

Yes

Natural selection is best described as _____.

a filtering process that fine-tunes the traits of populations by sorting among existing, randomly produced variations

Which person is generating more heat (running or relaxing)?

Running