bio 100 final exam

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

It is denser when frozen than when liquid.

List 2 functions of plasma membrane proteins and explain why the specific functions you listed are important to a cell.

Maintains stability and shape which is vital to the cell being able to survive against its environment and not break. It also allows for transporting and sharing materials within the cell which is important to the cell's survival by receiving the nutrients needed to survive.

Some students say "meiosis is just mitosis twice". A .Give 2 specific reasons why this is not the case. B. Provide 1 specific reason why that statment is partially correct (6pts)

Meiosis has two cell divisions while mitosis has one. Meiosis produces four daughter cells while mitosis produces two. These are probably common reasons as to why some students may say they are double but something that's important to take in is that meiosis only occurs in animals, plants, and fungi while mitosis occurs in all organisms. Another thing to denote is that mitosis create all body cells while meiosis only create sperm and egg.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Meiosis involves 2 divisions and produces 4 non-identical daughter nuclei.

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.

In science, a theory

encompasses many hypotheses.

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into

energy in ATP.

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in aluminum rich soil it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking aluminum the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of

environmental effects

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is

for comparison to the other test groups.

All of the genes and all of their associated alleles within a population represent the population's

gene pool.

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate the new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of

genetic drift.

A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether

geographic isolation is required or not.

In which of the following monomer and polymer pair is incorrectly matched?

glycerol - carbohydrate

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?

glycolysis, preparatory stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension.

If a material mixes readily with water it is identified as

hydrophilic

All of the following statements are true about mitosis except

the cells arising from the process contain only half of the necessary genetic material.

In cellular respiration, most ATP produced directly as a result of

the electron transport chain.

The reactivity of an atom depends on

the number of electrons in the valence (outer) shell.

All of the following occur during mitosis EXCEPT

the synthesis of DNA.

A true breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true breeding plant that produces green seeds. All of the seeds of the F1 generation are yellow. Why?

the yellow allele is dominant to the green allele

Why do cells need buffering agents?

to minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment

Linked genes

tend to be close together on a single chromosome.

As a result of glycolysis there is a NET gain of _______ ATPs.

2

Differentiate between a hypothesis, a guess, and a theory. Explain why it is important for non-scientists to understand how scientists use these terms

A hypothesis testable statement. A guess is a quick prediction. A theory is an acceptable conclusion based on different hypotheses. It's important for non-scientists to understand how scientists use these terms as it shows how it takes time formulating a hypotheses, and the formation of a theory through continual proving of different hypotheses in order to come to any acceptable conclusions in science.

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities?

ATP

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms? Hint: Assume bacterial cell solute concentration is less than 1%.

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.

Morgan buys a male python that does not have the albino pattern. The person who sold Morgan the snake claims the snake carries the albino allele. Which of the following may help Morgan determine if the snake carriers the recessive albino allele?

Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.

CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to nighttime hours in order to

CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to nighttime hours in order to

Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ___________ during fermentation.

CO2 gas

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine.

DNA and RNA differ in that

DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.

Interphase differs from interkinesis because

DNA is duplicated during interphase, but not during interkinesis.

A cell is inhibited during the S phase of its cycle. It will not reproduce due to lack of

DNA synthesis.

Define 2 of the terms below. Only pick 2, and pick the the 2 you can give the best definition for!

Electron: a negatively charged subatomic particle Proton: a positively charged subatomic particle

Plant cells have walls but do not have plasma membranes.

False

A glass of lemonade has a pH of 3.5. This means that it has an excess of _______ ions and would be called a(n) _____.

H+; acid

Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X-linked trait. If a female is red-green colorblind, which of the following is TRUE?

Her father must be colorblind.

1. You are studying plants in a hot and dry region. A) What variation of photosynthesis (C3, C4, or CAM) would you expect to do the best in these conditions? B) How is photosynthesis different in these plants than plants in cool moist regions? (For full credit, be specific! You will need to describe when reactions happen and plant anatomy using the correct terms.) (4 points)

I would expect C4 photosynthesis to do the best in a hot and dry region because their four carbon compound prior to it entering the Calvin cycle. Since they are carbon fixed they use less water so they'll survive better in the hot and dry region. Their stomata are also open during the day. C3 photosynthesis plants are more efficient in cool moist regions and under normal light. Their stomata also open during the day.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false?

Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment.

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy? Give an example of each.

Potential energy is stored while kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An example for potential energy would be a ball sitting on top of a ramp. An example for kinetic energy would be the ball rolling down the ramp.

A viroid is an infectious _____ molecule with no protein coat.

RNA

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway, what happens if Enzyme2 is defective and nonfunctional?

Substrate Z production would decrease.

A family took their newborn to the doctor. They were worried something was wrong because she seemed to be in constant pain. The baby had large amounts of lactic acid accumulating in his muscles cells. Doctors figured out that the child had a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following statements explains what they found?

The cells had been going through fermentation to produce energy.

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain the human's inability to digest cellulose?

The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.

If both parents express a particular trait, but their child does not, what does this indicate about the trait?

The trait is an autosomal dominant trait.

If an individual expresses a dominant disease, which of the following is true?

There is at least a 50% probability that his children will inherit the disease.

A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O blood.

True, because A and B are the dominant blood types and both individuals could carry a type O allele.

List 2 properties of water (from your text) and describe how they benefit life. (2pts each)

Water has a high heat capacity and that benefits life because we're able to use it in various ways like using it to cook. Water is a solvent and that benefits life because we are able to use it to mix for drinks, dissolve or dilute chemical solutions needed for medicines.

Which reaction binds monomers together into polymers? (See the figure)

Which reaction binds monomers together into polymers? (See the figure)

A small cell being observed under a microscope is seen to possess a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes and chromosome materials that are not found in a nucleus. Based on this, it could be

a cell from a bacterium.

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed.

A starch molecule is to glucose as

a protein is to an amino acid.

Which of the following is both a product of the preparatory reaction and a reactant in the citric acid cycle?

acetyl-CoA.

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?

algae

Alleles are

alternate versions of the same trait.

Which of the following phases results in separation of sister chromatids into daughter chromosomes?

anaphase II and anaphase of mitosis

Broccoli, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, and cauliflower were all derived from the single wild species. This diversity is a result of

artificial selection.

The cristae of a mitochondrion are critical

both as a site for the electron transport chain and creating a space for concentration of H+.

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells.

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains

carbon and hydrogen atoms.

By-products of cellular respiration include

carbon dioxide and water.

Which of the following is not a function of meiosis?

cause an organism to grow

The smallest unit of life is a(n)

cell

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

cell wall

Which of the following events does NOT take place in the light reactions?

conversion of 3PG to G3P

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

Which passive membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?

diffusion

In the figure shown here, flower color of a population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the white flower color increases in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

directional selection.

A biologist is studying how pollution affects algal growth and snail populations in a portion of Lake Erie. What level of organization is she studying?

ecosystem

Which of the following is NOT a correct match?

identical alleles - heterozygous

If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray, this could be an example of ___________. However, if the calf has black and white spots this could be an example of____________.

incomplete dominance; codominance.

Which of these is a reason multicellular organisms undergo mitotic cell division?

increase the size of the organism.

Which of the following processes does not contribute to creating genetic variability in the offspring?

interkinesis

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of the cell cycle he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, what stage would the majority of the cells be in the cell cycle?

interphase

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, as depicted in the figure, is a

ionic.

Which of the following reactions is NOT part of the cellular respiration pathway?

light reaction

A researcher infects a bacterium with a bacteriophage and notices that the infection does not immediately bring about the destruction of the host cell. Instead, the phage genetic material is copied whenever the host reproduces. Which viral replication cycle is described here?

lysogenic cycle

Identify the organelle - function pairing that is INCORRECT.

lysosomes - contains enzymes responsible for ATP production

After spending an hour working outside in the hot, sunny weather, a person typically perspires and will need to drink water. This is part of

maintaining homeostasis.

In the human life cycle

meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual.

The figure below shows a cell wtih the choromsomes ligned up at the equator of the cell. Which mitotic stage is this cell in?

metaphase

What organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?

mitochondria

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria's ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently the cell dies and so the person gets better! In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by

not allowing them to produce proteins.

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion

The circulatory system of a whale is considered an organ system because it is composed of different

organs

Fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present.

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ___ resulting in formation of

oxygen; water.

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below would not use ATP?

passive transport

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis.

Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)

plant cell undergoing cytokinesis.

Plant cells and animal cells differ in cytokinesis because

plant cells need to build a cell wall while animal cells do not.

Place the stages of mitosis in the correct order.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

A product of glycolysis is

pyruvate.

Which of the following is a correct match?

separation of sister chromatids - anaphase II

A female peacock chooses a male as a mate based on his showy plumage and courtship dance. This is an example of

sexual selection.

Crossing over between sister chromatids does not result in recombination of genetic material while crossing over between non-sister chromatids does because

sister chromatids have the same alleles while non-sister chromatids have different ones.

When hot chocolate mix is added to water the hot chocolate is the ______ and the water is the ________.

solute; solvent

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain