Bio 101 Exam 1 Marshell

45. Two Homo species, ______________ and _____________ occupied earth concurrently with Homo sapiens.

Ans: H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis.

48. Organisms that use chemosynthesis are ________________.

Ans: autotrophs

47. Water cycling within a human is accomplished by____________________.

Ans: the urinary system, kidneys

9. See the diagram of the cell membrane. A) improving the fluidity of the membrane. B) providing a passage for transport of ions. C) defining the cell as belonging to the body. D) creating a hydrophobic barrier to aqueous solutes The function of the structure indicated in this figure of the cell membrane is

B) providing a passage for transport of ions.

5. See the diagram of the cell. DNA is housed in the organelle indicated by A) B B) D C) H D) C

B. D

26. A main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is A) prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes do not. B) prokaryotes have organelles and eukaryotes do not. C) eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not. D) eukaryotes and prokaryotes do not have any differences.

C) eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not.

6. See the diagram of the cell. The organelle responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones is indicated by A) A B) C C) E D) F

C.E

4. See the diagram of the cell. The overall structure of animal cells is determined by which organelle? A) A B) D C) E D) C

D) C

16. When vesicles are created in the endoplasmic reticulum, they usually then A) fuse with the lysosome and digest the vesicular contents. B) migrate to the cell membrane to endocytose their contents. C) fuse with the mitochondrion to provide fuel for ATP production. D) fuse with the golgi complex for further processing of the contents.

D) fuse with the golgi complex for further processing of the contents.

7. See the diagram of the cell. The function of the structure labeled B is: A) Digestion B) Support C) DNA isolation D) Protein production

D. production

t or f 32. Cellular inclusions are compounds and small molecules dissolved in the cytoplasm, such as glycoproteins and glycolipids.

False

3. See the diagram of the cell. The organelle responsible for ATP production is labeled A) A B) B C) C D} D

A) A

8. The cell membrane is composed of two layers of A) Proteins with interspersed lipids B) Hydrophilic lipids, proteins and sugars. C) Phospholipids with proteins and sugars interspersed D) Glycoproteins and glycolipids

C) Phospholipids with proteins and sugars interspersed

19. Formulating a hypothesis is an example of: A) inductive reasoning B) deductive reasoning C) experimenting D) drawing a conclusion

a. inductive reasoning

pic 20. Which of the following is the name of B? A) axon B) dendrites C) cell body D) neuroglia

b. dendrites

pic 22. The organism shown in photo C is a A) a detritivore B) an omnivore C) a carnivore D) a herbivore

b. omnivore

7. What is unique about bone tissue? It is the A) only connective tissue that has collagen B) only calcified connective tissue C) only connective tissue found in vertebrates D) only dense connective tissue

b. only calcified connective tissue

12. Think about this analogy: If your classroom represents a population, then what does each individual student represent? A) Tissue B) Organism C) Community D) Cell

b. organism

27. The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is called A) unlikely B) osmosis C) active transport D) pinocytosis

b. osmosis

12. See the diagram of the cell membrane. Glucose is moved into cells down its concentration gradient, using transport proteins. This type of movement is referred to as A) osmosis. B) diffusion. C) facilitated diffusion. D) Filtration.

c. facilitated diffusion

30. Cell-to-cell junctions which allow for instantaneous communication can be found in which kind of cells? A) red blood cells B) cartilage C) heart muscle cells D) bone cells

c. heart muscle cells

28. Achieving a balance within our bodies and in our environment is A) biogeographic range B) pollution C) homeostasis D) our niche

c. homeostasis

30. In this picture the animal with the largest biogeographic range is the A) White tailed deer B) Mountain goat C) Human D) Elk

c. human

43. Our closest relative among the Apes is the _______________________

chimpanzee

15. Which level in the process diagram does not participate in both energy flow and resource cycling? A) Consumer B) Producer C) Decomposer D) Abiotic Nutrients

d. abiotic nutrients

28. This form of transport uses energy and moves molecules against or "up" their concentration gradient. A) passive transport B) osmosis C) diffusion D) active transport E) facilitated diffusion

d. active transport

1. Homo sapiens share which of the following characteristics with chimpanzees? A) 96 % identity at the DNA level. B) Use of tools and formation of cooperative groups. C) Formation of family groups and prolonged rearing of young. D) All of these.

d. all of these

25. What factor(s) limit the habitat of an organism? A) salinity B) temperature C) physical obstacles D) all of these

d. all of these

4. Primates are characterized by A) an opposable thumb B) stereoscopic vision C) fingernails and toenails D) all of these

d. all of these

9. What makes skeletal muscle different from other types of muscle tissue? A) number and position of nuclei B) voluntary C) no branching D) all of these

d. all of these

4. What component of connective tissue is designed for strength? A) fibroblasts B) elastin fibers C) chondrocytes D) collagen fibers

d. collagen fibers

8. Australopithecus can be differentiated from A. afarensis by A) bipedalism B) stereoscopic vision C) sexual dimorphism D) dentition

d. dentition

5. Which type of cartilage is found in the fetal skeleton? A) elastic cartilage B) osteoid cartilage C) fibrocartilage D) hyaline cartilage

d. hyaline cartilage

pic 18. Where would you find this type of muscle? A) attached to bone B) in the digestive tract C) as part of the biceps brachii muscle D) in the heart

d. in the heart

30. The groin is ____________ to the chest. A) proximal B) distal C) superior D) inferior

d. inferior

27. A niche is described as an organism's A) location B) range C) habitat D) "job" in a community

d. job in a community

pic 13. Where would you expect to find this connective tissue? A) tendons B) trachea C) bone D) knee joint

d. knee joint

which step in the scientific method is represented by label a? A) Conclusion B) Collect data C) Hypothesis D) Observation

d. observation

37. Herbivores are responsible for fixing the organic compounds used by the rest of the food chain. t or f

false

37. A scientist who takes a sample of a liver to examine under a microscope will be making observations at the tissue and cellular level of biological organization. t or f

true

39. Humans and dogs both belong to the kingdom Animalia. t or r

true

39. No two organisms can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at a time t or f

true

4. Why are viruses NOT considered living organisms? A) They do not respond to stimuli B) They cannot reproduce on their own C) They do not contain protein D) They are too small

They cannot reproduce on their own

t or f 33. Endocytosis refers to the movement of substances from the surrounding fluid into the cell and is a form of active transport

True

The name of the process shown here is A) active transport B) facilitated diffusion C) osmosis D) exocytosis

a. active transport

pic 15. What is the name of this connective tissue? A) adipose tissue B) bone tissue C) dense regular connective tissue D) smooth muscle

a. adipose tissue

pic 14. What is the name of this tissue? A) bone B) hyaline cartilage C) skeletal muscle D) nervous tissue

a. bone

26. In which cavity is the brain found? A) dorsal body cavity B) mediastinum C) ventral body cavity D) pericardial cavity

a. dorsal body cavity

26. The biogeographic range of an organism is defined by A) ecological requirements B) chemical cycling C) energy flow D) radiation

a. ecological requirements

1. Which type of tissue lines the body's cavities? A) epithelial B) connective C) muscular D) nervous

a. epithelial

3. Currently, the only remaining remaining hominids on earth are A) Homo sapiens B) Homo erectus C) Homo neanderthalensis D) Australopithicus

a. homo sapiens

10. This figure demonstrates the result of placing a cell in a ____________ solution. A) hypotonic B) hypertonic C) isotonic

a. hypotonic

pic 16. Where would you expect to find this tissue in the human body? A) in the blood B) under the skin C) on ends of bones where they form joints D) attached to bone

a. in the blood

13. The thinnest cytoskeletal element, responsible for cellular locomotion and intracellular movements during cell division is the A) microfilaments. B) intermediate filaments. C) microtubules.

a. microfilaments

29. When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, water will A) move into and out of the cell at an equal rate and not affect the cell. B) move into the cell and cause the cell to burst C) move out of the cell and cause the cell to shrink D) move into the cell and cause the cell to shrink

a. move into and out of the cell at an equal rate and not affect the cell

24. The structure pictured here can be found in which organelle? A) nucleus B) golgi C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) centrioles

a. nucleus

6. Which of the following is the disease that damages the cartilage inside joints? A) osteoarthritis B) rheumatoid arthritis C) osteoporosis D) fibromyalgia

a. osteoarthritis

2. The smallest object that can be seen with a transmission electron microscope would be a: A) Prepared viral specimen. B) Row of certain large atoms. C) Bacterial sample. D) The human egg.

a. prepared viral specimen

32. The arm is ___________ to the forearm. A) proximal B) distal C) superior D) inferior

a. proximal

23. What is the endocrine system's function? A) regulating growth and development B) movement and heat generation C) exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen D) obtaining nutrients

a. regulating growth and development

pic 11. What would this type of epithelium be called? A) simple cuboidal B) simple columnar C) simple squamous D) stratified squamous

a. simple cuboidal

pic 15. The obvious structural difference between the two structures indicated is A) the lack of ribosomes on A. B) the lack of ribosomes on B. C) the lack of lipids on A. D) there is no structural difference; they merely have differing functions.

a. the lack of ribosomes on A.

pic 19. What does part A of the neuron do? A) transmits impulses B) contains the nucleus and other organelles C) receives impulses D) supports the neuron

a. transmits impulses

8. Which of the following is an example of homeostasis? A) A diabetic taking an insulin injection. B) Dehydration C) Eating a banana as a source of potassium. D) All of these are correct

all of these are correct

42. Homo sapiens belong to the _________________ kingdom.

animal

8. Which connective tissue is responsible for cellulite "bumps" on the skin? A) blood B) adipose C) cartilage D) dense connective tissue

b. adipose

21. One way that cells communicate is via paracrines. These chemical messengers A) are released into the bloodstream, potentially reaching every cell of the body. B) are released into tissues, to effect nearby cells only. C) allow physical connections between adjacent cells. D) provide long-distance communication.

b. are released into tissues

14. Identify the structure in the photograph. A) flagella B) cilia C) centrioles D) lysosome

b. cilia

23. The organism shown in photo D is a A) a carnivore B) a detritivore C) an omnivore D) a herbivore

b. detritivore

11. See the diagram of the cell membrane. Lipid-soluble materials enter and exit the cell via A) osmosis across a carrier protein. B) diffusion across the cell membrane. C) diffusion through a transport protein. D) active transport only.

b. diffusion across the cell membrane.

23. The organelle shown in the illustration functions in the process of A) protein production B) digestion C) support D) lipid synthesis

b. digestion

31. The foot is on the _____________ part of the lower limb. A) proximal B) distal C) superior D) inferior

b. distal

the ________. A) Kingdom B) Genus C) Class D) Species

b. genus

22. Which of the following organ systems is involved in immunity? A) skeletal B) lymphatic C) respiratory D) muscular

b. lymphatic

21. The heart is an example of a(n) A) tissue B) organ C) cell D) organ system

b. organ

2. The order into which humans are classified is A) mammalia B) primate C) hominid D) Homo

b. primate

31. What is the purpose of cellular respiration? A) production of glucose B) production of ATP C) production of oxygen D) production of mitochondria

b. production of ATP

3. What two words are used to classify epithelium in terms of the number of cell layers? A) simple and calcified B) simple and stratified C) cuboidal and simple D) cuboidal and columnar

b. simple and stratified

28. The heart is located in the A) abdominal cavity B) thoracic cavity C) dorsal body cavity D) pelvic cavity

b. thoracic cavity

25. Which of the following is a tissue? A) skin B) skull bones C) biceps brachii muscle D) all of these are organs

c. biceps brachii muscle

24. When you lose fluids by sweating and urinating, which system will work to replenish the water? A) respiratory B) urinary C) digestive D) a and b because both systems are involved in homeostasis

c. digestive

19. This image is a A) Prokaryotic bacterial cell. B) Eukaryotic fungal cell. C) Eukaryotic plant cell. D) Eukaryotic animal cell.

c. eukaryotic plant cell

pic 12. What type of connective tissue is this? A) elastic cartilage B) areolar connective tissue C) hyaline cartilage D) adipose tissue

c. hyaline cartilage

(pic)20. Identify the main function of the system in the photo A) barrier and thermal regulation. B) protection and support. C) information processing. D) regulation of long-term changes.

c. information processing

2. What structure would you expect to find on the surface of cells lining the digestive tract where absorption of nutrients occurs? A) cilia B) blood C) microvilli D) flagella

c. microvilli

10. Which cells of nervous tissue are the supporting cells? A) nerves B) neurons C) neuroglia D) axons

c. neuroglia

pic 17. Which type of tissue is this? A) cardiac muscle B) smooth muscle C) skeletal muscle D) adipose tissue

c. skeletal muscle

29. The forehead is __________ to the mouth. A) proximal B) distal C) superior D) inferior

c. superior

44. The ____________ registers the signal coming from the receptor and formulates a response.

control center

15. Put these in the correct order from the broadest category to narrowest category: 1) class, 2) family, 3) genus, 4) order, 5) phylum. A) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 C) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 D) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3

d. 5, 1, 4, 2, 3

27. How many abdominopelvic regions are there? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 9

d. 9

ref 1-1 22. Consider the specific case of thermoregulation. In the diagram of a feedback loop, which part represents the skin? A) A B) B C) C D) A and C

d. a and c

1. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) All living things are composed of cells. B) Cells pass on genetic material from cell to cell during divisions. C) Cells share similar chemical composition. D) Cells are of similar shapes and sizes. E) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

d. cells are similar shapes and sizes

25. In the diagram the two chromosome arms are held together at a region identified as the A) spindle apparatus. B) cleavage furrow. C) chromatin. D) centromere.

d. centromere

17. The organelle responsible for the conversion of the pollywog to a frog (the loss of the tadpole's tail) is the A) golgi complex. B) Mitochondrion. C) RER D) lysosome.

d. lysosome

18. Which of the following has caused scientists to think that mitochondria may have evolved from a symbiotic relationship with a bacterium? A) Mitochondria can divide. B) Mitochondria have their own proteins and DNA. C) Mitochondria have cristae. D) Two of these are correct. E) All of these are correct.

d. two of these are correct

20. DNA can be found in this organelle. A) golgi B) smooth ER C) mitochondria D) nucleus E) mitochondria and nucleus

e. mitochondria and nucleus

51. An area that is defined by physical parameters such as temperature and salinity is called a(n)___________________.

ecosystem

50. Genes and ___________ both affect the evolution of humans.

environment, nature

31. Homo sapiens evolved from chimpanzees t or f

false

33. Carbohydrates are not found in any living things, whereas lipids are found in all living things. t or f

false

pic t or f 42. The cavity indicated by the letter A in the diagram is the Thoracic Cavity.

false

t or f 33. Nervous tissue provides movement and heat.

false

t or f 35. Cilia are long whiplike structures that propel the cell forward.

false

t or f 36. Cartilage is the only connective tissue that is vascular which means it has a rich blood supply.

false

t or f 36. Nuclear pores allow DNA to escape the nuclear membrane during transcription

false

t or f 38. Facilitated transport moves molecules from low molecule concentrations to high molecule concentrations.

false

t or f 38. The brain, spinal cord, blood vessels and nerves comprise the nervous system.

false

t or f 39. In most cases, mitochondria are inherited from both the mother and the father.

false

t or f 39. The cells of connective tissue are held close together by strong cell-to-cell attachments.

false

t or f 40. In the anatomical position, the person is standing up straight with the arms at the side hanging naturally

false

t or f 40. Paracrines are secretions produced in one area of the body that travel to and alter the physiological activity of remote cells.

false

43. The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called _________.

homeostasis

46. A group of ants in an ant farm would be considered a _____________.

population

7. In a negative feedback system, the response of the effector A) enhances the original stimulus. B) eliminates the original stimulus. C) reverses the original stimulus. D) does not change the original stimulus.

reverses the original stimulus

49. The branch of science dealing with the classification of organisms into groups with similar characteristics is called _________

taxonomy

34. Salivary glands are exocrine glands.

true

t or f 34. Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which large particles are surrounded and engulfed via vesicle formation.

true

t or f 35. The matrix of connective tissue can be liquid, gel-like or solid.

true

t or f 37. Smooth muscle lines hollow organs like blood vessels and the digestive tract

true

t or f 37. Water cannot cross the phosopholipid bilayer unless it travels through a protein channel.

true

t or f 41. The function of the organelles is to maintain homeostasis.

true

t or f 41. The urinary and reproductive organs are mostly housed within the pelvic cavity.

true

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things? A) Blood B) Response C) Homeostasis D) Reproduction

Blood

9. Which of the following is an example of an atom? A) Carbon B) Carbohydrate C) Muscle D) Heart

Carbon

2. Which of the following materials is found ONLY in living things? A) Carbon B) Water C) DNA D) Oxygen

DNA

5. What is meant by the term homeostasis? A) This is the taxonomic term for human beings B) It is a characteristic of livings things that means they can reproduce the same organism C) It means that humans are constantly changing D) This is the ability of an organism to monitor conditions and maintain them

This is the ability of an organism to monitor conditions and maintain them

9. The emergence of modern humans in Africa occurred about A) 195,000 years ago B) 1 million years ago C) 130,000 years ago D) Modern humans emerged in Asia.

a. 195,000 years ago

18. Similar to ecosystems, the skeleto-muscular system cycles A) calcium B) oxygen and carbon dioxide C) water D) energy

a. calcium

which step in the scientific method is represented by label D? A) Collect and analyze results B) Conclusion C) Design and conduct an experiment D) None of these are correct

a. collect and analyze results

21. Which is the best description of a "double-blind" test? A) Neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the subject is receiving the real treatment or the placebo B) Only the subject does not know whether they are receiving the real treatment or the placebo C) Both the experimenter and the subject believe the subject is receiving the placebo D) Both the experimenter and the subject believe the subject is receiving the real treatment, but they are wrong.

a. neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the subject is receiving the real treatment or the placebo

13. Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue? A) Protein B) Connective C) Muscular D) Nervous

a. protein

(pic)13. The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is A) the sun B) heat C) Non living factors D) Producers

a. the sun

17. Why are the wolf and domestic dog considered to be the same species? A) They can interbreed B) They can interbreed but do not produce viable offspring C) They do not interbreed in the wild D) The offspring of a wolf and dog is called a dingo

a. they can interbreed

47. A(n) _________ is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of the element.

atom

7. In the illustration the fossil record shows that the common ancestor of H. erectus and H. habils is A) A. africanus B) H. sapien C) A. afarensis D) A. robustus

c. a. afarensis

Which hierarchal level is represented by label A. (pic) A) cell B) molecule C) atomic D) tissue

c. atomic

17. In the human body, food is ultimately stored in what form in cells? A) fructose B) heat C) ATP D) oxygen

c. atp

24. Which part represents the muscles and blood vessels? A) A B) B C) C D) None of these

c. c

24. Autotrophs A) must eat other organisms to obtain nutrients B) are also called consumers C) make food for themselves by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis D) are found only on land

c. make food for themselves by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

11. Which of the following is a group of different tissues? A) Chemicals B) Cell C) Organ D) Organism

c. organ

21. The system in the illustration functions to A) provide support and movement B) perpetuate the species C) pump nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and chemical messengers throughout the body D) cycle gases into and out of the body

c. pump nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and chemical messengers throughout the body.

18. What does a scientist typically do after making observations? A) Formulate a hypothesis B) Conduct an experiment C) Think of questions D) Draw a conclusion

c. think of questions

45. Excess _______ can cause kidney stones and a deficiency can cause tremors.

calcium

3. Which of the following is the smallest unit of life? A) Organism B) Organ system C) Organ D) Cell

cell

46. A gecko is considered a(n) __________ when eating a spider.

consumer

(pic)19. The system in the illustration functions to A) receive and process information B) regulate long term changes C) cycle nutrients through the body D) maintain fluid balance and purification

d. maintain fluid balance and purification

11. It is believed that H.erectus migrated out of Africa one million years ago because A) the more aggressive Neanderthals took over their habitat. B) to escape disease C) the appearance of upright posture allowed for more efficient walking. D) of environmental changes

d. of environmental changes

Which hierarchal level is represented by label G? A) atomic B) molecular C) organ system D) organism

d. organism

Which hierarchal level is represented by label D? A) atomic B) cell C) organ D) tissue

d. tissue

33. Homo erectus and Homo ergaster are currently classified as the same species t or f

false

34. Negative feedback systems amplify the changes that are being detected by the receptor. t or f

false

36. Humans are considered to be producers t or f

false

38. All bacteria are classified in the same domain and kingdom. t or f

false

38. The difference between nutrients and energy within an ecosystem is that energy can be recycled and nutrients cannot. t or f

false

40. A theory in the field of science means a good guess, a hypothesis is the process of being tested. t or f

false

41. A niche describes the area where an organism lives.

false

41. Science seeks to answer questions about important human affairs like whether it is right or wrong to use natural resources.

false

49. The city with the highest level of outdoor air pollution is____________

los angeles

50. Fill in the missing category: Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, _________, family, genus, species.

order

42. A(n) _______ is a structure composed of more than one tissue.

organ

51. A(n) ___________ is a factor that can be changed in an experiment to test whether and how it affects the outcome.

variable

ref 1-1 23. Which part represents the brain? A) A B) B C) C D) None of these

b. b

29. The largest cause of outdoor air pollution is A) pesticide use B) burning of fossil fuels C) smoking D) radon

b. burning of fossil fuels

20. Making a prediction based on a hypothesis which can then be tested through an experiment is an example of: A) inductive reasoning B) deductive reasoning C) experimenting D) collecting data

b. deductive reasoning

16. The study of interactions between the living and non-living components of a defined area is called A) ecosystem B) ecology C) environment D) all of these

b. ecology

(pic) 14. Engergy from the sun is transformed into A) abiotic nutrients B) heat C) decomposers D) sunlight

b. heat

12. Which of the following is one mechanism that leads to variation in genetic traits of humans? A) eugenics B) natural selection C) race D) opposable thumbs

b. natural selection

6. Using the illustration of the human family tree, we see that humans are most closely related to A) New world monkeys B) Orangutans C) Old world monkeys D) Lemurs

b. orangutans

Which of the following would be placed at the hierarchal level labeled E? A) carbon B) stomach C) muscle cell D) digestive system

b. stomach

10. Homo habilis can be distinguished from A. afarensis due to A) a swift gait. B) the ability to make and use tools. C) narrow hips D) extended infant development

b. the ability to make and use tools

31. What do steps D and E prove about the hypothesis? [Use same scientific method figure] A) The hypothesis was supported B) The hypothesis was not supported C) The hypothesis was supported but more experiments need to be done to prove it true D) These results have no bearing on the hypothesis

b. the hypothesis was not supported

14. Which of the following is NOT a kingdom? A) Animalia B) Vertebrata C) Plantae D) Fungi

b. vertebrata

48. Organizationally, the planet Earth is a __________.

biosphere

5. The common ancestor of Primates lived about A) 3 million years ago B) 2 million years ago C) 60 million years ago D) 195,000 years ago

c. 60 million years ago

6. All of the following belong to feedback systems which control homeostasis EXCEPT A) control center. B) receptor. C) receiver. D) effector.

receiver

10. Which of the following is NOT an example of an organ system? A) Digestive B) Circulatory C) Respiratory D) These are all organ systems

these are all organ systems

32. Humans and apes share a common ancestor. t or f

true

32. Plants synthesizing compounds by means of solar power is an example of the characteristic of requiring energy. t or f

true

34. Homo erectus and Homo ergaster belong to the same genus. t or f

true

35. Calcium balance is critical for processes like blood clotting and muscle function. t or f

true

35. The children in this photo are from the same species. t or f

true

36. Organizationally, a biome includes all of the living organisms and the non-living things in a given area. t or f

true

40. Infectious disease has killed more people than modern day pollution caused by humans.

true