BIO 101: FINAL PT. 2

d

29. Which of the following accurately describes the *first law of thermodynamics*? A) Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. B) The entropy of the universe is decreasing. C) The entropy of the universe is constant. D) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

b

. Which organelles are comprised of two subunits which synthesize proteins? A) Mitochondria B) Ribosomes C) Chloroplasts D) Endoplasmic reticulum `

d

18. Which of the following macromolecules are not correctly matched with their corresponding monomers? A) Nucleic acids - nucleotides B) Proteins - amino acids C) Fats - glycerol and fatty acids D) Carbohydrates - cellulose

c

19. Which of the following microscopes is best suited for monitoring the appearance of *living cells* during an experiment? A) Scanning electron microscope B) Transmission electron microscope C) Compound light microscope D) Dissecting microscope

d

25. The presence of specific ______________________ accounts for a plasma membrane's selective permeability. A) Enzymes B) Membrane receptors C) Glycoproteins D) Transport proteins

b

30. All of the following are associated with *en*dergonic reactions except _______. A) Input of Energy B) Hydrolysis C) Anabolism D) Dehydration synthesis

b

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is stored in the ___, while the DNA of eukaryotic cells is stored in the ___. a)-nucleus -nucleoid b)-nucleoid -nucleus

b

The reactions which *join monomers together* to assemble polymers are called ___ reactions. The reactions that break apart polymers to release the individual monomers are called ___ reactions. a)-hydrolysis -dehydration b)-dehydration -hydrolysis

b

Unlike an *animal cell*, a plant cells posseses _________________________ external to its *plasma membrane*. A) An extracellular matrix (ECM) B) A cell wall C) A Flagellum D) A capsule

a,d

What are the *two main components of plasma membranes* described by the *fluid mosaic model*? Select two answers. A) Phospholipids B) Nucleic Acids C) Carbohydrates D) proteins E) Cilia

b

When a white blood cell engulfs *(eats)* a bacterial cell, which form of bulk transport is being utilized? A) pinocytosis B) phagocytosis C) receptor-mediated endocytosis D) facilitated diffusion

c

Which of the following macromolecules are best suited for *long-term energy storage*? A) Protein B) Carbohydrate C) Lipids D) Nucleic Acids

b

Which of the following statements accurately describes the cycle of ATP synthesis/ATP hydrolysis pictured above? A) ATP is synthesized when water is added to ADP. B) Catabolic reactions may be used to drive the synthesis of ATP. C) The hydrolysis of ATP neither liberates nor absorbs energy. D) The synthesis of ATP relies on the energy output of anabolic reactions

a

___ requires the use of energy *since movement occurs against a concentration gradient*, while ___ does not require the use of energy since movement occurs down a concentration gradient. a)-active transport -passive transport b)-passive transport -active transport

c

32. How do enzymes speed up metabolic reactions? A) They supply the ATP required for a reaction. B) They cause endergonic reactions to become exergonic. C) They lower the activation energy barriers. D) They store and release thermal energy.

b

33. When a protein is placed in a basic solution, the protein may lose its three-dimensional structure, becoming _____. A) Reduced B) Denatured C) Cooperative D) Saturated

d

34. Which of the following is likely to increase enzyme activity? A) decreasing the pH of the reaction B) adding a competitive inhibitor to the reaction C) reducing the temperature of the reaction D) increasing the amount of enzyme supplied to the reaction

d

35. Which of the following is correctly matched? A) oxidation: gain of neutrons B) reduction: loss of potential energy C) oxidation: increase of hydrogen atoms D) reduction: gain of electrons

c

36. In *eukaryotic cells*, most of the stages of cellular respiration occur in the ____. A) Cytosol B) Golgi apparatus C) Mitochondria D) Nucleus

c

37. All of the following events (1 - 3) describe which stage of cellular respiration?: 1) Completes the oxidation of *glucose*, 2) Generates the most *NADH and FADH2*, and 3) Has the same starting material and end product. A) Glycolysis B) Oxidative phosphorylation C) Citric Acid Cycle D) Pyruvate Oxidation

a

Cardiac (heart) muscle cells need to quickly transport ions between cells. Which of the following cellular junctions facilitates this process? A) Gap junctions B) Desmosomes C) Tight junctions

b

D. Movement of potassium ions out of a cell through a potassium channel. a)osmosis b)facilitated diffusion c)diffusion

b

Movement of glucose into a cell via a glucose transport protein a)osmosis b)facilitated diffusion c)diffusion

c

Movement of oxygen across the plasma membrane a)osmosis b)facilitated diffusion c)diffusion

a

Movement of water from a hypotonic solution into a plant cell a)osmosis b)facilitated diffusion c)diffusion