bio 101 Module 3: quiz 2

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

3' to 5' along the template strand

Since Watson and Crick described DNA in 1953, which of the following statements might best explain why the function of small RNAs is still being explained?

Changes in technology as well as our ability to determine how much of the DNA is expressed have now made this possible.

Which statement about DNA is correct?

DNA contains phosphorus.

Using the DNA template strand shown below, which strand is the complementary DNA strand that would be synthesized during DNA replication? C A T A G G C T G C A A T T C

G T A T C C G A C G T T A A G

Which of the following statements best describes the eukaryotic chromosome?

It consists of a single linear molecule of double-stranded DNA plus proteins.

During DNA replication, what is the function of DNA ligase?

It joins Okazaki fragments together.

During DNA replication, one strand of new DNA is made in one long piece. The other strand of new DNA is made in many short pieces called __________________________________.

Okazaki fragments

The mRNA sequence CCG codes for the amino acid _______________________.

Pro (proline)

The DNA sequence AGT is complementary to the mRNA sequence ______________.

UCA

The strands of the DNA molecule run in opposite directions, with the top strand running 3' to 5' left to right and the bottom strand running 5' to 3' (shown in the figure below). Another way to state this is to say that the two strands of DNA are ___________________.

antiparallel

In a eukaryotic cell, events that happen ____________________________transcription can influence how much gene expression occurs, including how much of the final gene product (protein or RNA) is present in the cell.

before, during, and after

In a _______________________ prokaryotic chromosome, there is _______________________ origin of replication.

circular, one

When does unequal crossing over occur?

during meiosis

If there is a mutation in the coding region of a gene that deletes 2 DNA nucleotides, this is an example of a(n) _______________________.

frameshift mutation

The two strands of the DNA double helix are stabilized (held together) with ____________________________.

hydrogen bonds

What is the correct order for the three stages of transcription?

initiation, elongation, termination

During DNA replication, one strand of new DNA is made in one long piece. The other strand of new DNA is made in many short pieces. The strand that is made in one long piece is called the _____________________________.

leading strand

When compared to a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell usually has ______________________ DNA.

less

When compared to a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a(n) _____________________________.

lower gene density (fewer genes in a given length of DNA)

When a protein will be secreted (exported) from the cell, it will be translated by ribosomes _______________________________.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

In prokaryotes, a repressor protein prevents transcription by binding to a specific DNA sequence, called the _________________________.

operator

Which physical or chemical treatment would NOT cause mutations in a cell's DNA?

phospholipids

If the pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell do not separate during meiosis, the cell will have an entire extra set of chromosomes. This is called _________________________________.

polyploidy

In order for transcription to begin, RNA polymerase must bind to a specific DNA sequence, called the ______________________, that is close to the transcription start point.

promoter

If transcription of a prokaryotic operon is usually "on," but transcription can be turned "off" by the combination of a regulatory protein + a specific small molecule, this type of regulation is called ________________________ regulation.

repressible

In prokaryotes, turning on a gene or genes might help the organism survive by allowing it to ____________________________.

respond to changes in the environment

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome is called a(n) _____________________________.

tRNA

Which mutation is an example of a frameshift mutation?

the insertion of one nucleotide

Which part of the DNA molecule carries specific coding information for RNAs and proteins?

the sequence of nitrogenous bases

The synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA is called ____________________________.

transcription

When RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template, unwinding the DNA strands, and adding nucleotides to the growing RNA molecule, this is called ____________________________.

transcription elongation

The synthesis of a polypeptide using information in an mRNA is called ___________________________.

translation

When amino acids are added to a growing peptide chain, this is called ____________________________.

translation elongation

When an mRNA, a tRNA carrying the first amino acid of a protein, and a ribosome come together, ______________________________ happens.

translation initiation