Bio 1013 Chapter 14

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

2

What is melatonin?

A sleep hormone

What cells secrete hormones in specific organs?

Endocrine glands

What glands are organs that secrete hormones into the body called?

Endocrine organs

What hormones release during a flight-or-fight response?

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

What glands are organs that secrete hormones into the body through ducts called?

Exocrine glands

What is the production of melatonin is inhibited by?

Exposure to bright light

Hormones only have on function

False

The heart, kidneys, intestines, thymus, and adipose tissue are not involved in the endocrine system

False

Endocrine cells in the pancreas are evenly spread out

False- they form little clusters called pancreatic islets

What can result from hyperparathyroidism?

Fractures

What two hormones produce by the pancreas are responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Glucagon and insulin

What is an Up-regulation?

In Up-regulation, the number of receptors increases in response to rising hormone levels

In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes what?

Osteoporosis

A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?

Positive feedback

How are hormones normally transported?

Primarily transported via the bloodstream

What results from the fight-or-flight response?

Pupil dilation, increased oxygen supply to the lungs, and suppressed digestion

what does the development of a goiter indicate?

That there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

What is the A1C test?

The A1C test measures average blood-glucose levels over the past two to three months. It is an indicator of how well blood glucose is being managed over a long time

What is the pituitary gland also known as?

The hypophysis

What makes up the endocrine gland?

The pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt what levels?

Thyroid hormone

What do thyroid follicle cells synthesize?

Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, and Calcitonin

The adrenal glands are also involved in regulating blood-glucose levels

True

What hormone contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?

antidiuretic hormone

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?

glucagon

What are intracellular hormone receptors?

molecules embedded in the cell membrane or floating in the cytoplasm with a binding site that matches a binding site on the hormone molecule

What do endocrine glands do?

secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream