BIO 103 Chapter 4 and 5 and 10( Mrs Warren)

List three characteristics of cell membranes?

-Never have free ends -Important work surfaces -allow cells to store energy

How many wavelengths do fluorescent stains absorb?

1

The magnification ability of a light microscope is about ___

1000

Integral proteins function as a ____ through its interactions with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of phospholipids.

Amphipathic

Phospholipids can form bilayer structures because of their ___ nature.

Amphipathic

The scientist who was first to observe organisms, blood, sperm, and protists was ____.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Carrier proteins are associated with which processes?

Carrier- mediated transport

Cellulose is the primary component of which part of a cell?

Cell Wall

In photosynthesis, energy is produced in the:

Chloroplast

Which one is larger, chloroplast or mitochondria?

Chloroplast

What organelles are associated with photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts

The mitochondrial ___ greatly increase the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Cristal

The watery, jelly-like, fluid material outside the nucleus of a cell is called?

Cytoplasm

Microtubles and microfilaments are all associated with the ____.

Cytoskeleton

This type of microscopy directs light rays from the side and only allows scattered light to enter the lenses?

Dark- field microscopy

A bottle of Lysol is opened on the opposite side of the kitchen. Within minutes you begin to smell Lysol. This phenomenon is a classic example of>

Diffusion

Red dye poured into the beaker of water spreads throughout the water. This is an example of _____.

Diffusion

The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is:

Diffusion

__ is considered to be of random motion.

Diffusion

In pinocytosis, a cell takes in _____.

Dissolved Materials

All organisms can be classified into two basic groups, based on their cells they are?

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within what organelle:

Golgi complex

In a lipid bilayer, ____ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that excludes water.

Hydrophobic

The lipids associated with biological membranes are?

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic

A flower is placed in a cup of solution. After a few minutes you notice that the flower is more rigid than before. The solution must be:

Hypertonic

A celery stalk is placed in a vase of water for several hours became stiff and stood erect. When it was placed in a salt solution, it wilted. From this information we can say that the cell stalks are?

Hypotonic

Which organelle plays an important role in destroying worn out material of the cell?

Lysosomes

The ratio and the size of the image to the size of the specimen is:

Magnification

The two features of a microscope which determines how clearly a small object can be viewed.

Magnification and resolving power

These scientists concluded that all plants and animals consist of cells?

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

The surface area of plasma membranes can be increased for absorption of material by fingerlike extensions known as:

Microvilli

Cellular respiration occurs within which organelle?

Mitochondria

What is the amphipathic molecule?

Molecules that have distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

The type of movement in which water is moved to an area of less or more concentration is termed:

Net movement/ diffusion

The nucleus is separated from the surrounding organelles within the cell by:

Nuclear Envelope

A single cell in a smokers lungs has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The organelle that would be defected is:

Nucleus

A freshwater protest is placed in seawater. Water leaves the cell by the process of ___.

Osmosis

The difference between dialysis and osmosis is?

Osmosis- diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Dialysis- separation of large molecules from small using a differential selectively permeable membrane

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by the process called ____.

Phagocytosis

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces what product?

Phospholipids and cholesterol

Which structure is composed of two layers of phospholipids that are associated with proteins integrated within or attached to these layers?

Plasma membrane

If a toxin, such as bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

Production of polypeptides

Al organism who cells lack membranous bound organelles is classified as:

Prokaryotic

What is embedded in the phospholipid bilayers of the fluid mosaic model?

Proteins

The endoplasmic reticulum produces what?

Proteins, phospholipids and hormones

The minimum distance between two points at which they can be distinguished as separate and distinct, as opposed to a single blurred point describes:

Resolution

The scientist who gave cells their name based on his observations of cork cells was __.

Robert Hooke

Explain the difference between a transmission and a scanning election microscope.

SEM provides information about the shape and external features of the specimen that cannot be obtained with the TEM.

A membrane that permits passage of some materials but not of others is described as ____ permeable.

Selectively

Oxygen is carried into the cells by what movement:

Simple Diffusion

The passive movement of a substance along its concentration gradient is termed?

Simple Diffusion

Bilipid layers are normally permeable to (small or larger ) molecules.

Small

It is advantageous for cells to be small because:

They need more surface area

True or False: Cells will shrink if they are placed in salt solutions.

True

True or False: Leucoplasts are plastids which are unpigmented.

True

True or False: The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

True

Many plant cells have a large central ___.

Vacuole

A cellular structure found in plant but not in animal cells is the:

Vacuoles

Osmosis always involves which molecule?

Water molecules

Does a eukaryotic cell have plasma membrane?

Yes

one difference between tight junctions and desmosems is that tight junctions are

are regions where that plasma membrane from one neighboring cell are in actual contact

plasmadata of plant cells are functionally equivalent to the what of animal cells

gap junction

What is the resolving power of an electron microscope?

less than .1nm (250,000)

What organelle possesses enzymes that digest some proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids and destroys bacteria and other foreign material that enters a cell?

lysosomes