Bio 103 Module 1 Study Guide
What is the difference between a stable isotope and a radioisotope?
A radioisotope emits radiation
The scientific name for coffee is Coffea arabica. More specifically, the species name is arabica.
False
The valence shell of hydrogen or helium is unstable when it contains two electrons.
False
Which best describes a result of sexual reproduction?
Two sex cells combine to form a fertilized cell.
When a small amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution does not change markedly. The pH also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this same solution. Based on these observations, the compound Na2HPO4 is:
acting as a buffer
A phosphate group is weakly acidic.
True
A calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius (C).
True
All of the genes present in a population make up its gene pool.
True
Molecular chaperones mediate the folding of other protein molecules.
True
When we know what kinds of ____ are present in an organic compound, we can predict its chemical behavior.
functional groups
Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleotides?
guanine
The products of the process in the accompanying figure are
monosaccharides
Which statement best describes an atom?
A substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance
What differentiates an organic compound from an inorganic compound?
An organic compound contains carbon.
Consider the statement "biological systems interact." What does this mean?
Biological organisms are interdependent.
Which of the following solutions has a pH value of 9.0?
Bleach
An organism that reproduces asexually produces genetically variable offspring.
False
Oxidation occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons.
False
When glucose and fructose undergo condensation, maltose is produced as a product.
False
Changing your view of reality involves a paradigm shift.
True
What type of protein accelerates the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism?
enzyme
What is the OH− concentration of a solution having a pH of 2?
1 × 10-12
A combination of adhesive and cohesive forces accounts for surface tension.
False
A falsifiable hypothesis cannot be tested.
False
A pyrimidine is a double-ring molecule.
False
A solution having a pH of 8 is slightly acidic.
False
An example of an anion is K+.
False
What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells?
They provide movement for the cell.
What is the purpose of molecular chaperones?
To assist the folding of other molecular proteins
Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?
To control the expression of specific genes
A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.
True
The tetrahedron shape of a methane molecule is the result of orbital hybridization.
True
You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:
carotenoid
Which is the main structural component of the walls that surround plant cells?
cellulose
Match the group of organisms with the correct example. bread mold chimpanzee oak tree prokaryotes unicellular eukaryotes
fungi animals plants bacteria protists
What carbohydrate energy storage molecule is found in animal liver and muscle cells?
glycogen
Match the type of bond or interaction with its description. Strong attractive force resulting from the transfer of electrons between atoms Strong attractive force resulting from the sharing of electrons between atoms Very weak attractive force joining nonpolar molecules Holds adjacent water molecules together
ionic bond covalent bond van der Waals interaction hydrogen bond
Which organizational unit includes the fewest species of organisms?
population
Which cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles?
prokaryotic cells
Which atom would most likely be involved in an ionic bond?
sodium
Suppose we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, and therefore, we need to establish the experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined under which conditions?
soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds
As water boils and turns to steam, what happens to the hydrogen bonds?
The hydrogen bonds break.
Similar orders are placed in the same class.
True
The carboxyl group can exist in either an ionized or nonionized form.
True
A salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of ____ is replaced by some other cation.
an acid
When tissues organize, what do they form?
an organ
How can we identify a particular element?
by its number of protons
Which element forms the backbone of organic molecules?
carbon
Water molecules have a strong tendency to stick to one another, a property known as ___________.
cohesion
Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. What is the specific epithet in this name?
mays
Isotopes differ from each other with respect to the number of:
neutrons only
The following amino acid would be characterized as ____ based on the chemical properties of its side chain.
nonpolar
Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
oxygen
Which is a byproduct of photosynthesis?
oxygen
What does the accompanying figure represent?
two isotopes of the same element
Which of the following fatty acids include one or more adjacent pairs of carbon atoms joined by a double bond?
unsaturated fatty acids
Which substance is a reactant in the following chemical equation? CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3
water
Which lipid can be identified by its isoprene units?
Carotenoids
A chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule and their arrangement.
False
Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose groups, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, what statement best describes this compound?
It is RNA.
Which statement best describes the product of a chemical reaction?
It is the substance generated by the reaction.
Which process is most directly associated with the theory of evolution?
Populations changing over time
You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence, to which group would you assign this organism?
Protists
The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:
R or variable groups
The molecular fragment, represented in the accompanying figure is:
RNA
How many covalent bonds are formed by carbon atoms, producing a wide variety of molecular shapes and sizes?
Four
Why is ATP important in living organisms?
It can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals.
By definition, an organism that is eukaryotic:
possesses a nucleus
What is an end product of cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide
Which carbohydrate is the most structurally complex?
polysaccharide
To which phylum do humans belong?
Chordata
What is the purpose of a buffer?
To minimize the change in pH
CRISPR research can decrease the spread of what type of disease?
Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases
In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:
metabolism
Which sequence represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem?
producers → consumers → decomposers
