Bio 103 Module 1 Study Guide

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What is the difference between a stable isotope and a radioisotope?

A radioisotope emits radiation

The scientific name for coffee is Coffea arabica. More specifically, the species name is arabica.

False

The valence shell of hydrogen or helium is unstable when it contains two electrons.

False

Which best describes a result of sexual reproduction?

Two sex cells combine to form a fertilized cell.

When a small amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution does not change markedly. The pH also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this same solution. Based on these observations, the compound Na2HPO4 is:

acting as a buffer

A phosphate group is weakly acidic.

True

A calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius (C).

True

All of the genes present in a population make up its gene pool.

True

Molecular chaperones mediate the folding of other protein molecules.

True

When we know what kinds of ____ are present in an organic compound, we can predict its chemical behavior.

functional groups

Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleotides?

guanine

The products of the process in the accompanying figure are

monosaccharides

Which statement best describes an atom?

A substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance

What differentiates an organic compound from an inorganic compound?

An organic compound contains carbon.

Consider the statement "biological systems interact." What does this mean?

Biological organisms are interdependent.

Which of the following solutions has a pH value of 9.0?

Bleach

An organism that reproduces asexually produces genetically variable offspring.

False

Oxidation occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons.

False

When glucose and fructose undergo condensation, maltose is produced as a product.

False

Changing your view of reality involves a paradigm shift.

True

What type of protein accelerates the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism?

enzyme

What is the OH− concentration of a solution having a pH of 2?

1 × 10-12

A combination of adhesive and cohesive forces accounts for surface tension.

False

A falsifiable hypothesis cannot be tested.

False

A pyrimidine is a double-ring molecule.

False

A solution having a pH of 8 is slightly acidic.

False

An example of an anion is K+.

False

What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells?

They provide movement for the cell.

What is the purpose of molecular chaperones?

To assist the folding of other molecular proteins

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

To control the expression of specific genes

A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.

True

The tetrahedron shape of a methane molecule is the result of orbital hybridization.

True

You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:

carotenoid

Which is the main structural component of the walls that surround plant cells?

cellulose

Match the group of organisms with the correct example. bread mold chimpanzee oak tree prokaryotes unicellular eukaryotes

fungi animals plants bacteria protists

What carbohydrate energy storage molecule is found in animal liver and muscle cells?

glycogen

Match the type of bond or interaction with its description. Strong attractive force resulting from the transfer of electrons between atoms Strong attractive force resulting from the sharing of electrons between atoms Very weak attractive force joining nonpolar molecules Holds adjacent water molecules together

ionic bond covalent bond van der Waals interaction hydrogen bond

Which organizational unit includes the fewest species of organisms?

population

Which cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles?

prokaryotic cells

Which atom would most likely be involved in an ionic bond?

sodium

Suppose we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, and therefore, we need to establish the experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined under which conditions?

soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds

As water boils and turns to steam, what happens to the hydrogen bonds?

The hydrogen bonds break.

Similar orders are placed in the same class.

True

The carboxyl group can exist in either an ionized or nonionized form.

True

A salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of ____ is replaced by some other cation.

an acid

When tissues organize, what do they form?

an organ

How can we identify a particular element?

by its number of protons

Which element forms the backbone of organic molecules?

carbon

Water molecules have a strong tendency to stick to one another, a property known as ___________.

cohesion

Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. What is the specific epithet in this name?

mays

Isotopes differ from each other with respect to the number of:

neutrons only

The following amino acid would be characterized as ____ based on the chemical properties of its side chain.

nonpolar

Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3

oxygen

Which is a byproduct of photosynthesis?

oxygen

What does the accompanying figure represent?

two isotopes of the same element

Which of the following fatty acids include one or more adjacent pairs of carbon atoms joined by a double bond?

unsaturated fatty acids

Which substance is a reactant in the following chemical equation? CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3

water

Which lipid can be identified by its isoprene units?

Carotenoids

A chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule and their arrangement.

False

Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose groups, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, what statement best describes this compound?

It is RNA.

Which statement best describes the product of a chemical reaction?

It is the substance generated by the reaction.

Which process is most directly associated with the theory of evolution?

Populations changing over time

You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence, to which group would you assign this organism?

Protists

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:

R or variable groups

The molecular fragment, represented in the accompanying figure is:

RNA

How many covalent bonds are formed by carbon atoms, producing a wide variety of molecular shapes and sizes?

Four

Why is ATP important in living organisms?

It can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals.

By definition, an organism that is eukaryotic:

possesses a nucleus

What is an end product of cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide

Which carbohydrate is the most structurally complex?

polysaccharide

To which phylum do humans belong?

Chordata

What is the purpose of a buffer?

To minimize the change in pH

CRISPR research can decrease the spread of what type of disease?

Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases

In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:

metabolism

Which sequence represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem?

producers → consumers → decomposers


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