Bio 104 -Exam 3 study questions

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

crustaceans

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

Examples of animals with Biradial symmetry.

Ctenophores

Examples of animals with Bilateral symmetry.

any animal that is the same on both sides

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

arthropoda

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

ectoderm

Cells of the blastula undergo ____, a process that forms and segregates the three germ layers.

gastrulation

Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to which organism?

sea anemones

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

tracheal tubes

The ____ of an earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

cuticle

primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land.

desiccation

Sea anemones, unlike scyphozoans, have a partitioned gastrovascular cavity. This serves as a means of:

digesting very large food items

The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:

epidermis, mesoglea, gastrodermis

Most arachnids have ____ pair(s) of jointed appendages.

four

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

freshwater snails

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

growth and movement

The cephalic end of an animal is toward its:

head

Examples of animals with Spherical Symmetry.

jellyfish, starfish

a horseshoe-shaped structure bearing ciliated tentacles around the mouth in certain small marine invertebrates.

lophophore

In scyphozoans, the ____ is the dominant body form.

medusa

The ____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

mesoderm

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth

Members of the phylum ____ are the simplest organisms with a separate mouth and anus.

nematoda

each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.

proglottids

Types of symmetry-examples of animals with each type Asymmetry.

radial, biradial, bilateral, spherical

What structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks (or the sides of aquaria)?

radula

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

scolex

What term describes how most sponges can produce both male and female gametes?

Monoecious (Hermaphrodite)

In sponges, spicules are secreted by ______________.

sclerocytes

Where does digestion in a sponge takes place?

choanocyte cells.

Which group of organisms display radial cleavage during development?

deuterostomes

The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the _________ radiation.

Cambrian

an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators.

Chromatophores (ink)

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

Cnidaria

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, heterotrophic, lack cell walls and produce sperm cell

What specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity?

Statocysts

What is a nematocyst?

Stinging cell

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

sponges

Examples of animals with Radial symmetry.

sponges, sea stars

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

Cnidocytes (stinging cells)

Describe the nervous system of many species of flatworms.

Ladder-like with a nerve net

a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod:

Metamorphosis

What is the purpose of protonephridia (flame cells) in flatworms?

Osmoregulation and ionoregulation

animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel.

Phylum rotifera

Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their ____. This allows transfer of ____ from one worm to the other.

Setae, sperm

An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a(n):

centipede

Because it is an enclosed compartment of fluid under pressure, the coelom can serve as a _____, which shapes the body of soft animals.

skeleton

Where do you find most mollusks?

Ocean (marine)

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

Aren't segmented as distinctly, Lack setae, Dorsoventrally flattened

annelid characteristics.

Bilaterally symmetrical, coelom, cuticle, parapodia, closed circulatory system, segmental organs

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

crustaceans

Gas exchange in arachnids takes place by tracheal tubes, ____, or both.

Book lungs

Determinate cleavage takes place in ____ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is ____.

Deuterostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process

characteristics of arthropods:

Exoskeleton, Segmented Bodies, Jointed Appendages, Bilateral Symmetry, Open Circulatory System

What is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters?

Filter feeders

The Portuguese man-of-war is a colony of hundreds to thousands of:

Hydrozoans

List some types of flatworms.

Planarians (Turbellaria) Flukes (Trematoda) Tapeworms (Cestoda)

animal phylum that has an asymmetrical body plan.

Porifera

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protosomes have spiral and determinate cleavabe, solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelom, and the mouth developes from blastopore. Deuterostomes have radial and indeterminate cleavage, folds of archenteron form coelom, and the anus develops from blastopore.

Which of the mollusks have a closed circulatory system?

Squids and octopi

Bivalve characteristics.

Two-part shell, no head, simple nervous system, 3 pairs ganglia, eyes at shell margin, filter feeders

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

a coelom is a body cavity completely within the mesoderm. Apseudocoelom is a cavity between the mesoderm and the endoderm.

arthropod that has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands.

arachnids

The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:

arthron (joint) pod (foot)

As adults, ____ are the only sessile crustaceans whose external anatomy is completely different than its fellow crustaceans.

barnacles

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

centipedes

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the ______________because they possess characteristics of animals.

choanoflagellates

Members of phylum ________________ are diploblastic but lack cnidocytes.

Ctenophora (comb jellies)

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum?

nematoda

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

organs or tissue

An animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly adhering to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class:

polyplacophora