BIO 105 test 3

Dobzhansky/Muller incompatibilities explain the simplest way for species to accrue genetic difference that prevent successful mating events. What is the minimum number of novel mutations (total) that must arise for this to occur?

2

In the Linnaean classification system, each species is given a unique scientific name, such as Sequoia sempervirens. What are the two parts called that make up this name?

genus and specific epithet (species)

The morphological species concept:

groups species based on similar phenotype.

The current mass extinction is believed to be primarily caused by:

human actions

Assume that you carry an allele, R, which causes you to help individuals to whom you are not related. This help increases their fitness and decreases yours. The frequency of allele R may still increase in the population:

if individuals you help are likely to return the favor and help you at some point in the future.

Most apparent acts of altruism in the animal kingdom have proved, on closer inspection, not to be truly altruistic. Instead, they have evolved as a consequence of either _____________________ or _____________________.

kin selection; reciprocal altruism

Directional artificial selection on turkeys has lead to __________.

male turkeys that are no longer able to breed independently with females

Radioactive isotopes emit high-energy particles that can damage DNA. These substances are known as:

mutagens.

In a particular population, over the course of several dozen generations, an adenine was replaced by a guanine at a particular non-coding locus in the DNA base sequence. The evolutionary mechanism responsible for this change was:

mutation.

In a random study of 1,000 wills, it was shown that ___________________ received the smallest share of a deceased's estate.

non-relatives

The two animals pictured above are members of different species because:

of pre-zygotic barriers to their ability to breed.

A population consists of a group of organisms:

of the same species living in a specific geographic area that have the potential to interbreed.

Most mutations are:

random with respect to the environmental needs of the organism in which the mutation takes place.

The energy that a parent puts into the growth, feeding, and care of offspring is called:

reproductive investment.

The biological species concept is primarily based on:

reproductive isolation.

According to the biological species concept, species are natural populations of organisms that have the potential to interbreed and are ____________ isolated from other such populations.

reproductively

If two alleles exist at the same gene locus in a population, one for a selfish behavior and one for a selfless behavior, regardless of the initial frequencies, over time the:

selfish behavior allele will increase its percentage in the population to near fixation.

The theory of evolution explains why life is ______.

the same, different, adapted

Could an eye evolve a piece at a time and still give beneficial function to the organisim?

yes

There are no other animals besides humans who have language (as defined in lecture).

False

Errors sometimes occur when DNA duplicates itself. Why might that be a good thing?

New genes can enter the population and be acted upon by evolution.

Which of the following statements is NOT important to Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Offspring tend to inherit characteristics acquired by their parents during their lifetimes.

James Joyce once wrote: "Whatever else is unsure in this stinking dunghill of a world, a mother's love is not." Why is he wrong?

Since a mother and her child are related by 0.5, not the 1.0 of an individual with himself/herself, their genetic interests are highly-but not completely-aligned.

Human skull size at birth is under what kind of selection according to lecture?

Stabilizing

Which of the following conditions must be met for reciprocal altruism to evolve?

The benefits to the recipient must be significantly greater than the costs to the donor., The ability to recognize and punish cheaters must exist., Repeated interactions among individuals must occur, with opportunities for each individual to be both the donor and the recipient of altruistic-appearing acts.

Kin selection theory would lead us to predict that:

children in stepfamilies are injured more frequently than those living with their biological families.

Homo sapiens is the name of a species. Homo is the name of a genus. Hominidae is the name of a family. Primate is the name of an order. Mammal is the name of a:

class.

The experimenter which showed selection can alter the number of mistakes mice make when solving a maze shows that _______ traits can also be influenced by selection.

complex

The biological species concept:

defines a species as any group of actually or potentially interbreeding species that produce viable offspring.

When individuals of any species find themselves in an environment that differs from the environment to which they are evolutionarily adapted, we observe that they:

engage in behaviors better fit to the environment in which the species evolved than the environment in which the individual organisms find themselves.