Bio 110 - Chapter 5
Which of these is hydrophobic like the interior of the plasma membrane?
A
In cells, what is usually the immediate source of energy for an endergonic reaction?
ATP
What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?
It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction.
Which of these statements is TRUE with regard to this animation?
Sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients.
Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?
a space station orbiting Earth
An enzyme speeds up reactions by lowering the ___________.
activation energy
An enzyme is specific because the shape of its __________ matches only particular reactants.
active site
Requires energy from the cell. Molecules move against their concentration gradient.
active transport
The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of ______________.
active transport
An enzyme is considered a(n) _______ because it speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
catalyst
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?
cellular respiration
A(n) ________ , which is often a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis.
coenzyme
High temperatures or changes in pH can _______ an enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and biological activity.
denature
A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer.
diffusion
The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction.
endergonic
Which of these reactions requires a net input of energy from its surroundings?
endergonic
The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell.
endocytosis
The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of ____________.
endocytosis
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another
A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously.
exergonic
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction.
exergonic
The reaction A --> B + C + heat is released in a(n) _____ reaction.
exergonic
Select the INCORRECT association.
exergonic ... uphill
A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.
exocytosis
A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the plasma membrane using a transport protein.
facilitated diffusion
A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of _____________.
facilitated diffusion
Identify Structure A.
glycoprotein
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?
heat and water
In cellular respiration, most energy is released and transferred to ATP when _____.
high-energy electrons "fall" to lower energy levels
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
hydrolysis
A plant cell placed in a(n) __________ solution will lose water and plasmolyze.
hypertonic
There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a(n) _________ solution.
hypertonic
An animal cell placed in a(n) _________ solution will gain water, swell, and possibly burst.
hypotonic
The ideal osmotic environment for a plant cell is a(n) __________ environment.
hypotonic
The __________ between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and helps the reaction proceed.
induced fit
Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.
into; membranous vesicles
An enzyme _____.
is an organic catalyst
As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____.
is unchanged
A plant cell surrounded by a(n) _________ solution will be flaccid (limp).
isotonic
The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a(n) ________ environment.
isotonic
In active transport, ________________.
molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient
When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are _______________ to where they are ______________.
more concentrated; less concentrated
Which of the following is highest in chemical energy?
one molecule of glucose
What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane?
osmosis
Diffusion across a biological membrane is called ____________.
passive transport
Facilitated diffusion is a type of _____.
passive transport
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.
phagocytosis
Identify Structure D.
phospholipid bilayer of membrane
Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.
potential
Most enzymes are _____.
proteins
Enzymes work by _____.
reducing activation energy
What is the function of Structure E?
stabilization of the phospholipids
Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Potential energy is _____ energy.
stored
In a catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a(n) ________.
substrate
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?
substrate
You can recognize the process of pinocytosis when _____.
the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid
What is energy coupling?
the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Water crosses the plasma membrane ________________.
through facilitated diffusion or diffusion
Energy is conserved. This means that in any system, _____.
total energy input equals total energy output