Bio 110 - Chapter 5

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Which of these is hydrophobic like the interior of the plasma membrane?

A

In cells, what is usually the immediate source of energy for an endergonic reaction?

ATP

What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?

It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction.

Which of these statements is TRUE with regard to this animation?

Sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients.

Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?

a space station orbiting Earth

An enzyme speeds up reactions by lowering the ___________.

activation energy

An enzyme is specific because the shape of its __________ matches only particular reactants.

active site

Requires energy from the cell. Molecules move against their concentration gradient.

active transport

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of ______________.

active transport

An enzyme is considered a(n) _______ because it speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.

catalyst

In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?

cellular respiration

A(n) ________ , which is often a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis.

coenzyme

High temperatures or changes in pH can _______ an enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and biological activity.

denature

A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer.

diffusion

The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction.

endergonic

Which of these reactions requires a net input of energy from its surroundings?

endergonic

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell.

endocytosis

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of ____________.

endocytosis

"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously.

exergonic

The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction.

exergonic

The reaction A --> B + C + heat is released in a(n) _____ reaction.

exergonic

Select the INCORRECT association.

exergonic ... uphill

A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.

exocytosis

A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the plasma membrane using a transport protein.

facilitated diffusion

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of _____________.

facilitated diffusion

Identify Structure A.

glycoprotein

Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?

heat and water

In cellular respiration, most energy is released and transferred to ATP when _____.

high-energy electrons "fall" to lower energy levels

What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?

hydrolysis

A plant cell placed in a(n) __________ solution will lose water and plasmolyze.

hypertonic

There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a(n) _________ solution.

hypertonic

An animal cell placed in a(n) _________ solution will gain water, swell, and possibly burst.

hypotonic

The ideal osmotic environment for a plant cell is a(n) __________ environment.

hypotonic

The __________ between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and helps the reaction proceed.

induced fit

Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.

into; membranous vesicles

An enzyme _____.

is an organic catalyst

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____.

is unchanged

A plant cell surrounded by a(n) _________ solution will be flaccid (limp).

isotonic

The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a(n) ________ environment.

isotonic

In active transport, ________________.

molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient

When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are _______________ to where they are ______________.

more concentrated; less concentrated

Which of the following is highest in chemical energy?

one molecule of glucose

What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane?

osmosis

Diffusion across a biological membrane is called ____________.

passive transport

Facilitated diffusion is a type of _____.

passive transport

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.

phagocytosis

Identify Structure D.

phospholipid bilayer of membrane

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.

potential

Most enzymes are _____.

proteins

Enzymes work by _____.

reducing activation energy

What is the function of Structure E?

stabilization of the phospholipids

Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Potential energy is _____ energy.

stored

In a catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a(n) ________.

substrate

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?

substrate

You can recognize the process of pinocytosis when _____.

the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid

What is energy coupling?

the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

Water crosses the plasma membrane ________________.

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion

Energy is conserved. This means that in any system, _____.

total energy input equals total energy output


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