BIO 110 (Fall 2019) EXAM 2

The formation of which structure labeled in the figure above (A, B, or C) is blocked by the Tuberculosis bacteria?

B

Which structure labeled in the figure above (A, B, or C) best represents a secondary lysosome?

B

Which structure labeled in the figure above (A, B, or C) best represents a primary lysosome?

A

Animal cells are growing in an incubator at 37°C. The cells are then placed into an incubator at 47°C. In response to being heated, how will the cells likely respond? A. By generating membrane phospholipids with fatty acid chains that have fewer C=C double bonds (unsaturations). B. By generating membrane phospholipids with fatty acid chains that have more C=C double bonds (unsaturations). C. Neither A or B will occur. D. More information is needed.

A. By generating membrane phospholipids with fatty acid chains that have fewer C=C double bonds (unsaturations).

Animal cells are growing in an incubator at 37°C. The cells are then placed into an incubator at 47°C. Which of the following is most likely to happen? A. Initially, the plasma membrane of the cells become more fluid. B. Initially, the plasma membrane of the cells become less fluid. C. The fluidity of the membrane will not be affected. D. More information is needed.

A. Initially, the plasma membrane of the cells become more fluid

The results indicated by 'B' are an example of... A. Linear kinetics. B. Saturation kinetics. C. Neither A or B is true. D. You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.

A. Linear kinetics.

You are doing an experiment to determine whether a membrane transport protein is a channel protein or a carrier protein. You measure how the rate at which the protein transports a solute across the membrane changes in response to increasing concentrations of the solute that the protein transports. If you get the results indicated by 'B' you can conclude that... A. The transport protein is a channel protein. B. The transport protein is a carrier protein. C. Neither A or B is true. D. You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.

A. The transport protein is a channel protein.

Lipid bilayer membranes (LBMs) are more permeable to some types of molecules than others. Which option below gives the correct order (from left to right) starting with of the types of molecules that LBMs are the least permeable to and ending with the types of molecules that LBMs are the most permeable to? A. ions, small polar molecules, non-polar molecules B. small polar molecules, ions, non-polar molecules C. small polar molecules, non-polar molecules, ions D. non-polar molecules, small polar molecules, ions

A. ions, small polar molecules, non-polar molecules

As the radius of a spherical cell ___#1___, its volume increases ___#2___ its surface area, and the ability of the cell to successfully support its metabolism __#3____. A. #1 = increases, #2 = more slowly than, #3 = decreases B. #1 = increases, #2 = more quickly than, #3 = decreases C. #1 = decreases, #2 = at exactly the same rate as, #3 = decreases D. #1 = increases, #2 = at exactly the same rate as, #3 = decreases E.#1 = decreases, #2 =more slowly than, #3 = decreases

B. #1 = increases, #2 = more quickly than, #3 = decreases

Animal cells are growing in an incubator at 37°C. The cells are then placed into an incubator at 47°C. In response to being heated, how will the cells likely respond? A. By generating membrane phospholipids with shorter fatty acid chains. B. By generating membrane phospholipids with longer fatty acid chains. C. Neither A or B will occur. D. More information is needed

B. By generating membrane phospholipids with longer fatty acid chains.

The results indicated by 'A' are an example of... A. Linear kinetics. B. Saturation kinetics. C. Neither A or B is true. D. You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.

B. Saturation kinetics.

You are doing an experiment to determine whether a membrane transport protein is a channel protein or a carrier protein. You measure how the rate at which the protein transports a solute across the membrane changes in response to increasing concentrations of the solute that the protein transports. If you get the results indicated by 'A' you can conclude that... A. The transport protein is a channel protein. B. The transport protein is a carrier protein. C. Neither A or B is true. D. You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.

B. The transport protein is a carrier protein.

Which of the following is not a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)? A. providing structural support between cells. B. reinforcing structures within cells that allow mobile cells to move C. It provides the "glue" that allows cells to adhere to one another and form higher order structures such as organs. D. All of the above are functions of the ECM. E. None of the above are functions of the ECM.

B. reinforcing structures within cells that allow mobile cells to move

A symporter is a carrier protein that will... A. transport a single type of molecular species. B. transport two different molecular species in the same direction at the same time. C. transport two different molecular species in opposite directions at the same time. D. All of the above are true of symporter proteins E. None of the above are true of symporter proteins.

B. transport two different molecular species in the same direction at the same time.

If you repeated Dr. Gorter's experiment comparing the surface area of red blood cells (RBCs) with the surface area of the phospholipids that compose the plasma membrane of RBCs, which of the following results would best represent Dr. Gorter's results? Total cell surface area of the RBCs listed first Total surface area of the phospholipids collected from the RBCs after lysis listed second (all in meters squared) A. 1 m2 ---> 4 m2 B. 1 m2 ---> 3 m2 C. 1 m2 ---> 2 m2 D. 1 m2 ---> 1 m2 E. 1 m2 ---> 0.5 m2

C. 1 m2 ---> 2 m2

Which of the following is true of cell membrane fluidity? A. A cell membrane that is too solid will not perform its boundary function. B. A cell membrane that is too fluid will block integral (transmembrane) proteins from being able to change their shape. C. Fluidity can be regulated by varying the length and degree of saturation in the fatty acid chains of membrane phospholipids. D. All of the above are true of membrane fluidity. E. None of the above is true.

C. Fluidity can be regulated by varying the length and degree of saturation in the fatty acid chains of membrane phospholipids.

Histones are proteins that bind to chromosomal DNA in the nucleus. Based on that knowledge, which of the following is true? A. Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes associated with the rough ER. B. Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes within the nucleus. C. Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. D. Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes within the mitochondria. E. More information is needed.

C. Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Are plant cell walls chemically similar to prokaryotic cell walls? How are they the same or different? A. Yes, Plant and Bacterial cell walls are both composed of peptidoglycans. B. No, Plant cell walls are made of peptidoglycans and bacterial cell walls are made of cellulose. C. No, Plant cell walls are made of cellulose and bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycans. D. Yes, Plant and Bacterial cell walls are both composed of cellulose.

C. No, Plant cell walls are made of cellulose and bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycans.

All cells fall into one of two broad categories. What are they? A. Eubacteria and Fungi B. Eubacteria and Archaea C. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes D. Archaea and Eukaryotes

C. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Which of the following are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. plasma (cell) membrane B. ribosomes C. cell wall D. All of the above E. Only A and B are found in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes

E. Only A and B are found in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What is most likely true of phospholipids that will become part of a cell's plasma membrane? A. They are synthesized in the smooth ER and sent to the plasma membrane by endocytosis. B. They are synthesized in the rough ER and sent to the plasma membrane by endocytosis. C. They are synthesized in the smooth ER and sent to the plasma membrane by exocytosis. D. They are synthesized in the rough ER and sent to the plasma membrane by exocytosis. E. More information is needed.

C. They are synthesized in the smooth ER and sent to the plasma membrane by exocytosis.

The photo-bleaching experiments we discussed in class demonstrated... A. that plasma membranes are phospholipid bilayers. B. that the nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer. C. the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes. D. that cell membranes are made of phospholipids. E. None of the above.

C. the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes.

Within the chloroplast there is a thick liquid substance called... A. the cytoplasm. B. the nucleoplasm. C. the stroma. D. the matrix. E. the lumen.

C. the stroma.

What best describes the nature of the nuclear membrane? A. A phospholipid monolayer B. A phospholipid bilayer C. A phospholipid trilayer D. A double phospholipid bilayer

D. A double phospholipid bilayer

Which of the following have no physical contact with the plasma membrane of cells? A. the extracellular matrix B. the cytoskeleton C. integral proteins D. All of the above make physical contact with the plasma membrane of cells. E. A and B.

D. All of the above make physical contact with the plasma membrane of cells.

What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common? A. Both require the use of integral (transmembrane) transport proteins and energy input from the cell. B. Both require the use of integral (transmembrane) transport proteins but neither require energy input from the cell. C. Channel proteins are used in both facilitated diffusion and active transport. D. Carrier proteins are used in both facilitated diffusion and active transport. E. A and D are both true.

D. Carrier proteins are used in both facilitated diffusion and active transport.

What is likely true of the fibronectin and integrin within the double lipid bilayer? A. Both are integral (transmembrane) proteins. B. Both are peripheral membrane proteins. C. Fibronectin is an integral (transmembrane) protein and integrin is a peripheral membrane protein. D. Fibronectin is a peripheral membrane protein and integrin is an integral (transmembrane) protein. E. More information is needed.

D. Fibronectin is a peripheral membrane protein and integrin is an integral (transmembrane) protein.

Where precisely are ribosomes assembled in eukaryotic cells? A. The Golgi B. The rough ER C. The nucleus D. The nucleolus

D. The nucleolus

Evert Gorter used red blood cells (RBCs) in his experiment for several good reasons. Which reason below is the most important reason that he used RBCs? A. RBCs are easy to count under a microscope. B. RBCs are easy to obtain from animals. C. A large quantity of RBCs can be obtained from an animal without harming it. D. Within an individual organism all RBCs are the same size. E. None of the above

D. Within an individual organism all RBCs are the same size.

Evert Gorter's experiment with red blood cells demonstrated... A. that cell membranes were made of phospholipids. B. that the nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer. C. the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes. D. that plasma membranes are phospholipid bilayers. E. None of the above.

D. that plasma membranes are phospholipid bilayers.

To be considered alive an organism MUST be able to... A. photosynthesize. B. reproduce. C. grow and metabolize. D. A and C. E. B and C.

E. B and C.

Which of the following is true of lysosomes? A. They are released from the cis face of the Golgi. B. Lysosomes may be used to break down "worn out" organelles. C. Lysosomes contain enzymes that hydrolyze polymers. D. All of the above are true of lysosomes. E. Only B and C above are true of lysosomes.

E. Only B and C above are true of lysosomes.

Prokaryotic cells do not have... A. organelles. B. an endomembrane network. C. a membrane bound nucleus. D. Prokaryotic cells do not have A, B, or C. E. Prokaryotic cells do not have B or C.

E. Prokaryotic cells do not have B or C.