BIO 111 Test 2

Cells function best if the surface to volume ratio is high. Which of the following is not a way cells can avoid surface limitations?

Having a nucleus

Which of following features of phospholipids accounts for the fluidty of cell membranes

Individual phospholipids are not covalenttly bonded together in the membrane

Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions into or out of a cell?

Ions are charged particles and cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic interior of the membrane

A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is

Isotonic to its environment

What happens to the membrane of vesicle after exocytosis?

It fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane

Which feature of phospholipids is the most critical to their ability to form bilayers in cell membranes?

they are amphipathic

The function of the nucleolus is

to manufacture ribsomes

A fatty acid containing one double bond is

unsaturated

Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?

Na

The major distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the absence of ____________ in prokaryotic cells.

Organelles

Which of the following structures are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?

Pili

A structure found in prokaryotic cells, plant cells and animal cells is a:

Ribosome

Which organelle is associated with ribosomes?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Always begin examining microscope slides with which power objective?

Scanning

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. As a result of this, that cell will

Self Diagnose

Flagella are not

Short appendage

The maximum size of cells is limited because of the _____

Surface to volume ratio

How would you prove that fats and oils are both made of triglycerides?

Test to see if they are both made of fatty acids and glycerol only

How does the activation of the CFTA chloride ion channel cause the sometimes-fatal diarrhea associated with cholera? Use accurate terms including tonicity terms (hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic,osmosis, aquaportin, active transport, passive transport

The colrea can get into our intertinal cells and trick the cells

If the environment surrounding a cell has a lower concentration of solute than the cell:

The environment is hypotonic to the cell

endocytosis.

The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole

What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water?

Their bodies tend to take in too much water

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and mitochondria to bacteria True or False

True

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude that the cells

are plant cells

The function of mitochondria is

cellular respiration

The simplest steroid molecule is known as:

cholesterol

Long fibers of DNA and protein are called

chromatin

The area of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane is called

cytoplasm

What is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called?

electochemical gradient

Which concept explains why mitochondria, nuclei, and chloroplasts have double membranes?

endosymbiosis

Which of the following is the direct result of the inside of the membrane phospholipid membrane being non-polar?

ions cannot easily pass through the membrane

Which of the following organelles is not involved in the manufacture of biomolecules?

lyosomes

A cellular structure with a specific function

organelle

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is

osmosis

Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell?

phagoctosis

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

phospholipids

The function of chloroplasts is

photosynthesis

Plant cells can communicate via ___

plasmodesmata

The cells that produce hair contain a lot of ____. The cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ____. [REMEMBER: Hair is protein]

rough endoplasmic reticulum... smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which objective provides the greatest field of view?

scanning

The functions of the central vacuoles of plant cells include

storing food molecules helping the cell to grow by absorbing water storing poisons storing pigments that will help attract pollinating insects

he field of view of a microscope with a 10X ocular and a 10X objective is 6 mm. What is will be the field of view with a 40X objective?

1.5mm

f the ocular lens magnification is 10X and the objective lens magnification is 4X, then which of the following is the total magnification?

40X

A cell membrane is not

A rigid structure

Which is not a lipid?

A starch molecule

Microfilaments are composed of the protein

Actin

Suppose you wanted to make margarine using a plant oil. How would you alter the oil molecules to make the oil solid at room temperature?

Add hydrogens to ch change the double bonds in the fatty acids to single bonds

Which of the following experiments would show whether an electrochemical gradient is necessary for ATP generation in the mitochondria?

Add molecules called ionnophores that allow free passage of ions across membrane

The original three tenets of the cell theory are

All organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life and all cells come from preexisting cells

How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged? Recall that anions are negatively charged ions, whereas cations are positively charged ions.

By expelling more cations than are taken in

Human cells obtain O2, glucose, and other materials from their environment. Cells release CO2, as waste products of cellular respiration 1) Draw and label structure of a cell membrane 2) Describe how membrane structure is related to the mechanism of transport of o2 glucose, and CO2 across membrane

CO2 and O2 are non polar so they can pass through the lipid bylayer no engery is required so it's passive. Gylouse goes though a protein channel and this takes energy so it's active transport. Glyose can't go through the fatty acid tails at the membrane tails gecause it is polar and the tails are non polar that's why it has to be active - Travis

Which of the following is not a primary function of proteins within the cell membrane?

Carrying out the process of cellular reproduction

Which are recycling centers for the cell?

Central vacuole and lysosomes

Which molecule is found in animal cell membranes only?

Cholesterol

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false?

Cholesterol is a hormone

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

Contains the cell's DNA

Simple Diffusion

Does not require energy

Turgor pressure is not:

Due to a walled cell being in a hypertonic environment

The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland is an example of ___

Endocrine signaling

Movement of molecules through a membrane protein along a concentration gradient is an example of

Facilitated diffusion

At high power, always use which adjustment knob to focus the image?

Fine

A ctyoskeleton is

Found in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells A system of tracks used for transport A structure that aids in the process of cell division Composed of microtules and microfilaments

Cilia are not

Found on prokaryotic cells

Exocytosis

Fusion of vacuole membrane with the cell membrane

Which type of animal cell junction is predominant in heart muscle cells?

Gap junctions

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system

Golgi apparatus