BIO 111 Test 2
Cells function best if the surface to volume ratio is high. Which of the following is not a way cells can avoid surface limitations?
Having a nucleus
Which of following features of phospholipids accounts for the fluidty of cell membranes
Individual phospholipids are not covalenttly bonded together in the membrane
Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions into or out of a cell?
Ions are charged particles and cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic interior of the membrane
A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is
Isotonic to its environment
What happens to the membrane of vesicle after exocytosis?
It fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane
Which feature of phospholipids is the most critical to their ability to form bilayers in cell membranes?
they are amphipathic
The function of the nucleolus is
to manufacture ribsomes
A fatty acid containing one double bond is
unsaturated
Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?
Na
The major distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the absence of ____________ in prokaryotic cells.
Organelles
Which of the following structures are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?
Pili
A structure found in prokaryotic cells, plant cells and animal cells is a:
Ribosome
Which organelle is associated with ribosomes?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Always begin examining microscope slides with which power objective?
Scanning
When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. As a result of this, that cell will
Self Diagnose
Flagella are not
Short appendage
The maximum size of cells is limited because of the _____
Surface to volume ratio
How would you prove that fats and oils are both made of triglycerides?
Test to see if they are both made of fatty acids and glycerol only
How does the activation of the CFTA chloride ion channel cause the sometimes-fatal diarrhea associated with cholera? Use accurate terms including tonicity terms (hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic,osmosis, aquaportin, active transport, passive transport
The colrea can get into our intertinal cells and trick the cells
If the environment surrounding a cell has a lower concentration of solute than the cell:
The environment is hypotonic to the cell
endocytosis.
The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole
What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water?
Their bodies tend to take in too much water
Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and mitochondria to bacteria True or False
True
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude that the cells
are plant cells
The function of mitochondria is
cellular respiration
The simplest steroid molecule is known as:
cholesterol
Long fibers of DNA and protein are called
chromatin
The area of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane is called
cytoplasm
What is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called?
electochemical gradient
Which concept explains why mitochondria, nuclei, and chloroplasts have double membranes?
endosymbiosis
Which of the following is the direct result of the inside of the membrane phospholipid membrane being non-polar?
ions cannot easily pass through the membrane
Which of the following organelles is not involved in the manufacture of biomolecules?
lyosomes
A cellular structure with a specific function
organelle
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is
osmosis
Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell?
phagoctosis
A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is
phospholipids
The function of chloroplasts is
photosynthesis
Plant cells can communicate via ___
plasmodesmata
The cells that produce hair contain a lot of ____. The cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ____. [REMEMBER: Hair is protein]
rough endoplasmic reticulum... smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which objective provides the greatest field of view?
scanning
The functions of the central vacuoles of plant cells include
storing food molecules helping the cell to grow by absorbing water storing poisons storing pigments that will help attract pollinating insects
he field of view of a microscope with a 10X ocular and a 10X objective is 6 mm. What is will be the field of view with a 40X objective?
1.5mm
f the ocular lens magnification is 10X and the objective lens magnification is 4X, then which of the following is the total magnification?
40X
A cell membrane is not
A rigid structure
Which is not a lipid?
A starch molecule
Microfilaments are composed of the protein
Actin
Suppose you wanted to make margarine using a plant oil. How would you alter the oil molecules to make the oil solid at room temperature?
Add hydrogens to ch change the double bonds in the fatty acids to single bonds
Which of the following experiments would show whether an electrochemical gradient is necessary for ATP generation in the mitochondria?
Add molecules called ionnophores that allow free passage of ions across membrane
The original three tenets of the cell theory are
All organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life and all cells come from preexisting cells
How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged? Recall that anions are negatively charged ions, whereas cations are positively charged ions.
By expelling more cations than are taken in
Human cells obtain O2, glucose, and other materials from their environment. Cells release CO2, as waste products of cellular respiration 1) Draw and label structure of a cell membrane 2) Describe how membrane structure is related to the mechanism of transport of o2 glucose, and CO2 across membrane
CO2 and O2 are non polar so they can pass through the lipid bylayer no engery is required so it's passive. Gylouse goes though a protein channel and this takes energy so it's active transport. Glyose can't go through the fatty acid tails at the membrane tails gecause it is polar and the tails are non polar that's why it has to be active - Travis
Which of the following is not a primary function of proteins within the cell membrane?
Carrying out the process of cellular reproduction
Which are recycling centers for the cell?
Central vacuole and lysosomes
Which molecule is found in animal cell membranes only?
Cholesterol
Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false?
Cholesterol is a hormone
The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
Contains the cell's DNA
Simple Diffusion
Does not require energy
Turgor pressure is not:
Due to a walled cell being in a hypertonic environment
The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland is an example of ___
Endocrine signaling
Movement of molecules through a membrane protein along a concentration gradient is an example of
Facilitated diffusion
At high power, always use which adjustment knob to focus the image?
Fine
A ctyoskeleton is
Found in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells A system of tracks used for transport A structure that aids in the process of cell division Composed of microtules and microfilaments
Cilia are not
Found on prokaryotic cells
Exocytosis
Fusion of vacuole membrane with the cell membrane
Which type of animal cell junction is predominant in heart muscle cells?
Gap junctions
Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system
Golgi apparatus