BIO 112- 22&45

The immature angiosperm pollen grain consists of a tube cell and a generative cell that will divide to produce ________ sperm cells.

2

In the development of a plant's ovule, the result is a gametophyte made up of

7 cells, 6 haploid cells and one cell with two nuclei

What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?

Chlorophyll captures solar energy that the plant can convert to other forms of energy

What is the function of the coleoptile in a monocot?

It protects the shoot tip.

Why is water needed for bryophyte reproduction?

The sperm must swim to the egg.

Which of the following supports the idea that land plants arose from green algae?

both utilize chlorophylls a and b

The seed coat develops from the

integuments of the ovule

An incomplete flower

lacks one or more of the four floral parts

To strengthen the conducting cells and help plants stand erect without water for them to float in, land plants developed

lignin

Pollen and seeds evolved in response to

living on dry land

A pollen grain is actually the

male gametophyte

A fruit is a

mature ovary

________ results in the production of spores in flowering plants

meiosis

Which of the following undergoes meiosis during the development of pollen grains?

microspore mother cell

Ferns and mosses mainly live in ________ environment

mosit

A complete lack of vascular tissue is characteristic of

mosses

In flowering plants, the sperm does not have to swim to the egg. The sperm reaches the eggs by

pollen tube

What two key adaptations in plants were necessary for insect pollination to be successful?

right amounts of pollen flowers attraction to insects

________ are modified leaves that are often green and surround the flower bud.

sepals

Why are mosses and liverworts dependent on water for reproduction?

sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs

In plants, the diploid, multicellular organism is the

sporophyte

The multicellular diploid form of the flowering plants is called the __________.

sporophyte

With respect to plant reproduction, there has been an evolutionary trend toward

sporophyte prominence

The sexual life cycle of plants is described as alternation of generations because it alternates between

sporophytes and gametophytes

Flowers evolved to _______.

attract pollinators

Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?

excessively dry for several days

While walking in a tropical forest, you come upon a 6-meter-tall plant that shows no evidence of seed production. The plant is most likely a(n)

fern

Why can't you buy fern seeds from a garden supply store?

ferns do not produce seeds

Which group does not depend on water for reproduction?

flowering plants

What major adaptations contributed to the success of the angiosperms?

flowers and fruits broad leaves

If you were hiking and wanted to show off your understanding of the differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms, what characteristics could you see with your naked eye that would help you impress your friends?

flowers or cones

In plants, the haploid, multicellular organism is the

gametophyte

Which of the following groups is represented today by a single species?

ginkgos

In the alternation of generations, what is formed when a spore germinates?

haploid stage called the gametophyte

Identify the group of seedless vascular plants that has scale-like leaves arranged in whorls around silica-coated stems, and is represented by the genus Equisetum?

horsetails

What is the difference between the flower of a rose and the flower of grass?

An incomplete flower, like grass, does not have all of the four flower parts.

This structure produces pollen.

Anther

_______ are to plants as amphibians are to animals.

Bryophytes

Cotyledons and endosperm both provide nutrition. What is the difference between them?

Endosperm provides nutrition for the developing embryo; cotyledons provide nutrition for the young seedling.

Which group of plants was the first to produce seeds?

Gymnosperms

What is NOT a major adaptation of angiosperms?

Needle-like leaves

What is one of the main differences between seedless and seed plants?

Only seed plants produce pollen.

Which of the following functions that anchor ecosystems is NOT performed by plants?

Recycle energy from dead organisms

________ and ________ are reproductive adaptations that allowed successful habitation of plants on land.

Seeds; pollen

Plants alternate between diploid and haploid generations. What is the proper order of the plant life cycle?

Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamete production, zygote, sporophyte

Plants have an alternation of diploid and haploid generations. Put the life cycle of the plant in order starting with the sporophyte.

Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spores, haploid plants (gametophytes), gamete production, zygote, sporophyte

In angiosperms, how does the sperm reach the egg?

The pollen forms a tube in the stigma, through which the sperm travels to meet the egg.

Why would a flower species open at night and close during the day?

To attract pollinators that are nocturnal or active at night

Why do flowers undergo double fertilization?

To produce the zygote and a source of food for the zygote

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that enables evergreen trees to live in a cold, dry ecosystem?

To protect the embryos from the cold, they develop in the roots.

Why is genetic recombination significant in sexual reproduction?

Variation in a population will most likely allow at least part of the population to survive if the environment changes.

At seed germination, apical meristems form the roots first, and then the shoots. If only one cotyledon forms, this plant is _______.

a monocot

What is the main advantage of having seeds enclosed within an edible fruit?

aids in seed dispersal

Which of the following best describes an "alternation of generations" life cycle?

alternation of a haploid gametophyte with a diploid sporophyte

Which of the following is a conspicuous feature that distinguishes the angiosperms from gymnosperms?

angiosperms produce flowers

A flowering plant produces pollen in the

anther

The male gametophyte of flowering plants is produced by cell divisions within the

anther

The first leaves produced by an embryo while still inside the seed are

cotyledons

In many dicots, the first pair of leaves to emerge from the soil after seed germination is completely unlike all the rest of the leaves that form on that plant. In such plants, these leaves are

cotyledons, which have elongated and turned green.

To limit water loss, plant developed

cuticle

Which of the following are gymnosperms?

cycads, ginkgos, and conifers

In general, the plant life cycle has evolved from ________ to ________.

dominant gametophyte, dominant sporophyte

Which group of plants is characterized by a dominant gametophyte generation?

nonvascular plants

A fruit is a mature

ovary

When you eat a peach, the delicious part you are eating is the _______.

ovary

All of the following are included in the male parts of a flower EXCEPT

ovules

________ are modified leaves that are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators.

petals

Which of the following relies on the wind for pollination?

pine tree

All of these flower structures are modified leaves EXCEPT

pollen

If you have seasonal allergies or "hay fever," you are essentially allergic to some kinds of plant _______.

pollen

In angiosperms, what is the male gametophyte?

pollen

Which of the following is "male" in the life cycle of angiosperms?

pollen

In the life cycle of a fern, the large fern plant that we normally see is the

sporphyte

the male reproductive structure of flowers, which is attached just above the petals, is called the __________

stamen

Both plants and green algae store food as

starch

Green plants are able to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar and store it as

starch

This structure catches pollen.

stigma

To control the movement of gases, land plants developed

stomata

Which of the following is true for female reproductive structures in angiosperms?

the carpel includes a stigma, a style, and ovules enclosed within an ovary.

In monocots, the shoot tip is protected by ________, which eventually degenerate(s) once exposed to air.

the coleoptile

Which of the following represents the sporophyte in the life cycle of a pine tree?

the embryo

In dicots, the shoot tip is protected by

the hypocotyl hook.

What is a major difference between a microspore mother cell in an anther and a pollen grain?

the microspore mother cell is 2n and the pollen grain is n.

In flowering plants, what is the relationship between the sporophyte and gametophyte?

the sporophyte is dominate, and the gametophyte is retained on the sporophyte

How do ferns differ from other seedless vascular plants?

they have broad leaves

What is the purpose of the ovary and anther in a flower?

to produce a gametophytes and, ultimately, gametes

What are the results of double fertilization?

triploid endosperm and diploid zygote

Conifers do not have flowers to attract pollinators. Instead, fertilization occurs

via wind pollination

Most gymnosperms are pollinated by

wind

How does the sperm travel from one plant to another to get to the egg in the gymnosperms and angiosperms?

within a pollen grain